DOCSLIB.ORG

Semiochemical-Mediated Interactions of an Invasive Leaf Miner, Caloptilia Fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on a Non-Native Host, Fraxinus Spp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Semiochemical-Mediated Interactions of an Invasive Leaf Miner, Caloptilia Fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on a Non-Native Host, Fraxinus Spp Semiochemical-Mediated Interactions of an Invasive Leaf miner, Caloptilia fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on a Non-Native Host, Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae) and its Native Parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by Tyler Jonathan Wist A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta ©Tyler Jonathan Wist, 2014 Abstract The ash leaf-coneroller, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an introduced moth to the urban forest of Western Canada that specializes on ash (Fraxinus spp.) (Oleaceae). It uses green ash, F. pensylvannica Marsh. var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern, and black ash, F. nigra Marsh in its expanded range but prefers black over green ash for oviposition. The oviposition preference for black ash was not linked to enhanced performance of offspring on black ash as green ash supported higher larval survival and faster development than black ash. Younger leaflets are preferred by female moths over older leaflets and green ash elicits more host location flight by gravid females than black ash in wind tunnel experiments. Caloptilia fraxinella adults are attracted to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from ash seedlings. The antennae of mated female C. fraxinella consistently detect six VOCs released from black ash and green ash, four of which are common to both species. Synthetic copies of these VOCs elicited as much oriented upwind flight in mated female C. fraxinella as green and black ash seedlings but did not elicit contact with the VOC lure. Lures do not attract more female C. fraxinella than unbaited control traps in field experiments. These experiments lay the foundation for further development of semiochemical lures based on host VOCs to monitor and potentially control populations of C. fraxinella. Apanteles polychrosidis Vierek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is identified here as the dominant parasitoid of C. fraxinella in its expanded range. It exhibits protandrous adult emergence and adults mate soon after females emerge. The remainder of the parasitoid complex affecting C. fraxinella in Edmonton is, in order of parasitism rate, Diadegma Förster (near D. fenestrale (Holmgren)) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), three Sympiesis Förster species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (S. sericeicornis (Nees von Esenbeck), one near S. viridula (Thomson) and one unknown Sympiesis species, and Pteromalus phycidis (Ashmead) ii (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Of these parasitoids, only A. polychrosidis is present in numbers high enough to control populations of C. fraxinella. Parasitism rate by A. polychrosidis of C. fraxinella on black ash is higher than on green. Parasitism is positively dependent on C. fraxinella density on black ash but is negatively density dependent on green ash. Apanteles polychrosidis exhibits differential attraction to the VOCs of each ash species which may mediate the differential parasitism response. In olfactometer experiments, A. polychrosidis use host location cues induced by feeding damage on black ash but not on green ash. Thirteen ash VOCs are detected by the antennae of A. polychrosidis. iii Preface Chapter four of this thesis has been published as Wist T.J. and Evenden M.E. 2013. Parasitoid complex and bionomics of Apanteles polychrosidis on the ash leaf cone-roller. The Canadian Entomologist 145: 416-429. I was responsible for the data collection and analysis as well as the manuscript composition. Maya Evenden was the supervisory author and was involved with concept formation and manuscript editing. iv Acknowledgements A tremendous thank you goes out to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Maya Evenden, for her dedication and patience to guiding and revising this thesis and all of its many projects. Thank you to my advisory committee members Drs. JC Cahil and Nadir Erbilgin for their guidance and suggestions. The members of the Evenden lab at the University of Alberta, both past and present have been excellent companions along the way (Artem Abdukarov, Marius Aurelian, Ronald Batallas, Brad Jones, Jessica Kwon, Boyd Mori, Amanda St. Onge, Chaminda Weeraddana and Caroline Whitehouse). Thanks especially to Joelle Lemmen-Lechelt for her expertise in Caloptilia fraxinella collecting and handling and for much moth discussion. I am indebted to José Fernandez and Henri Goulet (AAFC Ottawa) for identification of Apanteles polychrosidis. Thank you to Chris Saunders of the City of Edmonton for the initial inspiration and push to study this tritrophic relationship in the urban forest. Thank you to Dr. Wilbert Ronald and Jeffries Nurseries of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba for donation of ash seedlings. Thanks to Dr. Stefan Bartram of the Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology (Jena, Germany) for donation of (E) 4,8-dimethyl 1, 3, 7 nonatriene. My gratitude is extended to Regine Gries at Simon Fraser University for her skill and knowledge of GC-EAD techniques and for applying them in the search of electrophysiologically-active volatiles from ash trees. This thesis was helped immensely by the field and lab work of many summer students (Brady Chase, Emily Dombowskie, Elizabeth Hodges, Ilona Houston, Jessica Kwon, Andrew Perri, and Jocelyn Walker). Financial support was provided by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Alberta Innovates, the Alberta Government and the University of Alberta for scholarships to TJW and the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund (ACIDF) and Landscape Alberta Nursery Trades Association (LANTA) for their generous grants to MLE. I thank Calvin and Gloria Sutela for their tireless hospitality that I needed to complete this degree. Finally, thank you to my wonderful wife and family for their sacrifice and patience during this chapter of our lives. v Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................ii Preface ................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ......................................................................................................................xiii List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... xvii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Herbivore host plant preference and offspring performance ................................................. 1 Odour mediated host location by herbivorous insects ........................................................... 2 Host location by lepidopterans ............................................................................................. 3 Tritrophic interactions ......................................................................................................... 8 Chemically-mediated host location by parasitoids ................................................................ 9 VOC-mediated differential parasitism................................................................................ 12 The tritrophic system ......................................................................................................... 13 First trophic level: Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) .................................................................. 13 Second trophic level: Caloptilia fraxinella ..................................................................... 14 Third trophic level: Parasitoids, with a focus on Apanteles polychrosidis ....................... 16 Thesis overview and objectives ......................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: The volatile organic compound host location cues of Caloptilia fraxinella ............ 46 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 46 Microscopic analysis of sensilla......................................................................................... 48 Volatiles from Fraxinus spp. ............................................................................................. 48 Ash leaf cone-roller ........................................................................................................... 49 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 50 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................... 50 vi Field sites .......................................................................................................................... 50 Insects ............................................................................................................................... 50 Plant material .................................................................................................................... 51 Microscopic analysis of sensilla......................................................................................... 51 Detection
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Read Book the Butterfly Ebook
    THE BUTTERFLY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Patricia Polacco | 48 pages | 02 May 2009 | Penguin Putnam Inc | 9780142413067 | English | New York, United States The Butterfly PDF Book I've got to get to work, man! Episode 8 The Job. Episode 1 The Kids. Internally, most of the body cavity is taken up by the gut, but there may also be large silk glands, and special glands which secrete distasteful or toxic substances. Geological Society of America. He ends up hurting himself, and Alison calls the Elmore help desk. According to Lafcadio Hearn , a butterfly was seen in Japan as the personification of a person's soul; whether they be living, dying, or already dead. Just this morning, I pat my son on the head. Very sweet and endearing. Bibcode : Natur. The Hobo : Thank you, sir. Rocky : Uh… Alison : I was so depressed I couldn't get work. Note: division Monotrysia is not a clade. Episode 18 The Wicked. After a butterfly emerges from its chrysalis, Gumball and Darwin release it, and it wreaks havoc all over Elmore. Acanthopteroctetoidea Acanthopteroctetidae archaic sun moths. Bibcode : Sci When the butterfly from earlier lands on one of their heads, the other tries to smack it off but instead punches his friend to a wall. This article is about the Season 3 episode. Episode 38 The List. Coming back to say hello. The Butterfly Writer This is viscous and darkens when exposed to air, becoming a water-insoluble, rubbery material which soon sets solid. Episode 12 The Words. Episode 18 The Refund. Lasiocampidae eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveillance of Grape Berry Moth, Paralobesia Viteana Clemens (Lepidoptera
    Surveillance of grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Virginia vineyards by Timothy Augustus Jordan Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Entomology Douglas G. Pfeiffer, Chair J. Christopher Bergh Carlyle C. Brewster Thomas P. Kuhar Tony K. Wolf March 21, 2014 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Remote, Vitis, Sex pheromone trap, Infestation, Degree-day, Landscape Chapter 3*****by Entomological Society of America used with permission All other material © 2014 by Timothy A. Jordan Surveillance of grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Virginia vineyards by Timothy Augustus Jordan ABSTRACT My research addressed pheromone lure design and the activity of the grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana, flight and infestation across three years of study. In my lure evaluations, I found all commercial lures contained impurities and inconsistencies that have implications for management. First, sex pheromone concentration in lures affected both target and non-target attraction to traps, while the blend of sex pheromones impacted attraction to P. viteana. Second, over the duration of study, 54 vineyard blocks were sampled for the pest in and around cultivated wine grape in Virginia. The trapping studies indicated earliest and sustained emergence of the spring generation in sex pheromone traps placed in a wooded periphery. Later, moths were detected most often in the vineyard, which indicated that P. viteana emerged and aggregated in woods prior to flying and egg-laying in vineyards. My research supports use of woods and vineyard trap monitoring at both the height of 2 meters and in the periphery of respective environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Field Ecology 2009
    Journal of Field Ecology 2009 FOREST DYNAMICS Species-independent, Scale-invariant self-similarity in the Daniel Poon 7 allometry of branches and trunks within a heterogeneous forest Disturbance and fire refugia: deviations from invariant scaling Jane Remfert 14 relations across plant communities Looking for a DBH power function in Cassandra Bog Woods Elizabeth Hood 20 Testing for self thinning in oaks and comparing results in the Melissa Brady 25 presence of Gayluccacia Biases in spatial sampling for size frequency distributions Theresa Ong 31 Neutral theory and the predictions of the species distribution of an Melissa Brady 43 edge habitat Seedling establishment over a disturbance gradient exposes a Daniel Poon 47 species dominance shift within an oak-hickory forest SPATIAL PATTERN FORMATION Examining ant mosaic in the Big Woods of the E.S. George Hyunmin Han 55 Reserve Adventures in self-organization: spatial distribution of Japanese Amanda Grimm 63 Barberry in the E.S. George Reserve Distribution of Sarracenia purpurea clusters in Hidden Lake Hyunmin Han 68 Bog of the E.S. George Reserve BOTANY A survey of host-liana relationships in a Michigan oak-hickory Jane Remfert 74 forest: specificity and overwhelmedness Vine distribution and colonization preferences in the Big Woods Alexa Unruh 81 Examining the relationship between growth and reproduction in Megan Banka 88 perennial forbs Ramets and rhizomes: trade-offs in clonal plants in relation to Elizabeth Hood 96 water availability Hybridization among Quercus veluntina and Quercus rubra is Semoya Phillips 100 evident but a pattern of organization is not COMMUNITY COMPOSITION The halo of life: patterns in ant species richness in a Michigan Leslie McGinnis 105 scrubland The effect of an environmental gradient on species abundance in Jane Skillman 111 Cassandra Bog Stands of Typha sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Protein Quality of Six Species of Lepidoptera (Saturniidaeo Sphingidae, Noctuidae)
    Larval Protein Quality of Six Species of Lepidoptera (Saturniidaeo Sphingidae, Noctuidae) STEPHEN V. LANDRY,I GENE R. DEFOLIART,IANP MILTON L. SUNDE, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 J. Econ. Entomol. 79; 600-604 (I98€) ABSTRACT Six lepidopteran species representing three families were evaluated for their potential use as protein supplements for poultry. Proximate and amino acid analyses were conducted on larval powders of each species. Larvae ranged from 49.4 to 58.1% crude protein on a dry-weight basis. Amino acid analysis indicated deficiencies in arginine, me- thionine, cysteine, and possibly lysine, when larvae are used in chick rations. In a chick- feeding trial with three of the species, however, these deffciencies were not substantiated: the average weight gained by chicks fed the lepidopteran-supplemented dlet did not differ significantly from that of.chicks fed a conventional corn/soybean control diet. LnprpoptBne ARE among the many species of in- by feeding trials on poultry (Ichhponani and Ma- sects that have played an important role in nutri- Iek 1971, Wijayasinghe and Rajaguru 1977). tion, especially in areas where human and domes- To determine and compare the protein quality tic animal populations are subject to chronic protein of a wider assortment of lepidopterous larvae, we deficiency (e.g., Bodenheimer 1951, Quin 1959, conducted proximate and amino acid analyses on Ruddle 1973, Conconi and Bourges 1977, Malaise larvae of six species representing three families. and Parent 1980, Conconi et al. 1984). Conconi et These included the cecropia moth, Hgalophora ce- al. (f9Sa), for example, listed 12 species in 8 fam- cropia (L.), and the promethea moth, Callosamia ilies that are gathered and consumed in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Checkered Beetles Moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – Hazardous Phytophags of Arboreal and Shrubby Plants of Botanical Gardens and Plantings of Kiev M
    UDC 632.634.791.937 (477.75) © 2017 Checkered beetles moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – hazardous phytophags of arboreal and shrubby plants of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev M. Lisovyi, O. Sylchuk Natsional University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroev Oborony str., 13, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine P. Chumak, V. Kovalchuk, Botanichny Garden of Acad. O. Fomina The purpose. To carry out probes on revealing and specification of species composition of checkered moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in conditions of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev. Methods. Standard methods of faunistic research in entomology, population ecology, and protection of plants. Results. It is determined that 24 kinds of checkered moths are eating 54 kinds of plants which are widely used for gardening in Kiev. For the first time the following kinds are revealed: Phyllonorycter issikii, Phyllonorycter platani, and Phyllonorycter emberizaepennella. At calculation of Palii-Kovnatski indexes they specified that in city plantings the dominant phytophags are Cameraria ohridella (94,11%), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (86,37%) and Gracillaria syringella (59,14%). They consider that in formation of the secondary areal of invasion kinds of checkered moths the great value has an areal of spread of the host-plant. Environmental analysis is carried out of checkered moths of family Gracillariidae which is spread in cities of the Europe and which are absent in fauna of cities of Ukraine. That has important theoretical and practical value for ecology, entomology and protection of plants against hazardous checkered moths. Conclusions. All the probed kinds of checkered moths by their trophic specialization may be distributed into polyphages (6 kinds), oligophages (14 kinds) and monophages (3 kinds).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Leaf-Mining Moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx Botanica Sp
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 39–65A new (2019) leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.34265 MONOGRAPH http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae Robert J.B. Hoare1, Brian H. Patrick2, Thomas R. Buckley1,3 1 New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auc- kland, New Zealand 2 Wildlands Consultants Ltd, PO Box 9276, Tower Junction, Christchurch 8149, New Ze- aland 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author: Robert J.B. Hoare ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken | Received 4 March 2019 | Accepted 3 May 2019 | Published 22 Jul 2019 http://zoobank.org/C1E51F7F-B5DF-4808-9C80-73A10D5746CD Citation: Hoare RJB, Patrick BH, Buckley TR (2019) A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae. ZooKeys 965: 39–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.865.34265 Abstract Sabulopteryx botanica Hoare & Patrick, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae) is described as a new species from New Zealand. It is regarded as endemic, and represents the first record of its genus from the southern hemisphere. Though diverging in some morphological features from previously de- scribed species, it is placed in genus Sabulopteryx Triberti, based on wing venation, abdominal characters, male and female genitalia and hostplant choice; this placement is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Bionomics of Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
    ANRV363-EN54-11 ARI 27 August 2008 20:44 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Bionomics of Bagworms ∗ (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Marc Rhainds,1 Donald R. Davis,2 and Peter W. Price3 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47901; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 20013-7012; email: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5640; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2009. 54:209–26 Key Words The Annual Review of Entomology is online at bottom-up effects, flightlessness, mating failure, parthenogeny, ento.annualreviews.org phylogenetic constraint hypothesis, protogyny This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090448 Abstract Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. The bagworm family (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) includes approximately All rights reserved 1000 species, all of which complete larval development within a self- 0066-4170/09/0107-0209$20.00 enclosing bag. The family is remarkable in that female aptery occurs in ∗The U.S. Government has the right to retain a over half of the known species and within 9 of the 10 currently recog- nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any nized subfamilies. In the more derived subfamilies, several life-history copyright covering this paper. traits are associated with eruptive population dynamics, e.g., neoteny of females, high fecundity, dispersal on silken threads, and high level of polyphagy. Other salient features shared by many species include a short embryonic period, developmental synchrony, sexual segrega- tion of pupation sites, short longevity of adults, male-biased sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, protogyny, parthenogenesis, and oviposition in the pupal case.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
    Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae
    [Show full text]
  • Will Climate Change Affect Insect Pheromonal Communication?
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Will climate change affect insect pheromonal communication? 1 2 1 Antoine Boullis , Claire Detrain , Fre´ de´ ric Francis and 1 Franc¸ois J Verheggen Understanding how climate change will affect species interactions mediated by plant secondary metabolites interactions is a challenge for all branches of ecology. We have [3,4 ]. only limited understanding of how increasing temperature and atmospheric CO2 and O3 levels will affect pheromone- Communication between insects relies mainly on semi- mediated communication among insects. Based on the ochemicals, which are organic molecules involved in the existing literature, we suggest that the entire process of chemical interactions between organisms [5]. They in- pheromonal communication, from production to behavioural clude pheromones (intraspecific communication) and alle- response, is likely to be impacted by increases in temperature lochemicals (interspecific communication). Pheromones and modifications to atmospheric CO2 and O3 levels. We argue have a variety of important roles, especially related to that insect species relying on long-range chemical signals will foraging, aggregation or sexual behaviour [6]. Using be- be most impacted, because these signals will likely suffer from haviour-changing pheromones (named releaser phero- longer exposure to oxidative gases during dispersal. We mones) is central to integrated pest management (IPM) provide future directions for research programmes [7], so predicting the impact of climate change on IPM investigating the consequences of climate change on insect programmes depends on understanding the impact of pheromonal communication. changes in related abiotic parameters on insect pheromon- Addresses al communication. However, few studies have focused on 1 Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, how changes in climate will disturb each stage in the Universite´ de Lie` ge, 2 Passage des De´ porte´ s, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium pheromone pathway from emitters to receivers (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.New Records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian
    SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Lastuvka, A.; Lastuvka, Z. New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 39, núm. 156, diciembre, 2011, pp. 379-387 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45522548004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 379-387 New records of Nepticul 2/12/11 18:15 Página 379 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 39 (156), diciembre 2011: 379-387 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Lepidoptera) A. Lasˇtu˚vka & Z. Lasˇtu˚vka Abstract New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae for Portugal or Spain are presented. Stigmella aceris (Frey, 1857), Caloptilia loriolella (Frey, 1881), C. cuculipennella (Hübner, 1796), C. falconipennella (Hübner, [1813]), C. honoratella (Rebel, 1914), C. hemidactylella ([Denis Schiffermüller], 1775), Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella (Klimesch, 1942), Ph. echinosparti Lasˇtu˚vka & Lasˇtu˚vka, 2006 and Ph. stettinensis (Nicelli, 1852) are new for Spain, and Stigmella rhamnophila (Amsel, 1935), Caloptilia loriolella, Phyllonorycter kusdasi (Deschka, 1970) and Ph. triflorella (Peyerimhoff, 1872) are new for Portugal. Stigmella aceris, S. rhamnophila, Caloptilia loriolella, C. honoratella, Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella and Ph. stettinensis are new for the Iberian Peninsula. New province records are given for 38 species (47 new province records in all).
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Profile for Peaches in Arkansas
    Crop Profile for Peaches in Arkansas Prepared: February, 2003 General Production Information State Rank: 13th Percentage of U.S. Production: >1% Total acres grown: 2800 acres Cash Value: $3,336,000 Production Regions: Arkansas has peach production throughout the state. The largest concentrations are in central Arkansas (Johnson, Franklin, Pope and Faulkner Counties); southwest Arkansas (Howard and Clark Counties); northern Arkansas (Boone, Benton and Washington Counties); and Crowley’s Ridge in eastern Arkansas (Cross and St. Francis Counties). Production Methods: Most peach plantings in Arkansas are small orchards of 20 acres or less and only a few orchards have more than 100 acres. Site selection is an important factor in successful peach production and optimal production is obtained on light, sandy soils with at least 36 inches of soil depth. Orchards are typically located on elevated locations to minimize the effects of low temperature events such as spring frosts and active frost protection measures (wind machines, overhead sprinkler irrigation, etc.) are recommended. Supplemental irrigation is also recommended. In sites where peach replanting has occurred there is risk of peach tree short life (PTSL) complex. To minimize the risks associated with PTSL orchard should not be replanted to peaches for 4 to 5 years. Alternatively, the use of nematode tolerant rootstocks (Guardian, Nemaguard, Lovell or Halford), minimizing the amount of pruning that occurs between early October and early February and the use of herbicides to manage weed pressure are common practices to avoid PTSL. Peach trees are planted in the late fall or early spring. A partial crop is harvested in the third year after planting and full production is expected by the fifth season.
    [Show full text]