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Protection Against Fungi in the Marketing of Grains and Byproducts

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Protection Against Fungi in the Marketing of Grains and Byproducts Protection against fungi in the marketing of grains and byproducts Ing. Agr. Juan M. Hernandez Vieyra ARGENT EXPORT S.A. May 2nd 2011 OBJECTIVE: To supply tools to eliminate fungus and bacteria contamination in maize and soybeans: Particularly: Stenocarpella maydis Cercospora sojina 2 • Powerfull Disinfectant of great efficacy in fungus, bacteria and virus • Produced by ICA Laboratories, South Africa. • aka SPOREKILL, VIRUKILL • Registered in more than 20 countries: USA, Australia, New Zeland, Brazil, Philipines, Israel • Product scientifically and field proven, with more than 15 years in the international market. • Registered at SENASA • Certifications: ISO 9001, GMP. 3 Properties of Sportek: – Based on a novel and patented quaternary amonio compound sintesis : didecil dimetil amonium chloride. – Excellent biodegradability thus, low environmental impact. – Really non corrosive and non oxidative. – Non toxic at recommended dosis . – Minimum inhibition concentration has a very low toxicity, LD 50>4000mg/Kg., lower than table salt. – High content of surfactants with excellent wetting capacity and penetration. – High efficacy in presence of organic matter, also with hard waters and heavy soils. – Non dependent of pH and is effective under a wide range of temperatures. 4 What is Sportek used for: To disinfect a wide spectrum of surfaces and feeds against: • Virus, • Bacteria, • Mycoplasma, • yeast, • Algae, • Fungus. 5 Where Sportek has been proven: VIRUKILL ES EFECTIVO CONTRA LOS VIRUS DE AVICULTURA, BACTERIAS HONGOS Y GRUPOS DE FAMILIA DE MICOPLASMA Hongos, levadura y EJEMPLOS DE VIRUS EJEMPLOS DE BACTERIAS ejemplos de Grupos de familia Ejemplos de Acinetobacter Ornithobacterium micoplasma patógenos anitratus rhinotracheale Birnaviridae Gumboro (IBD) Bacillus subtilis Pasteurella spores multocida Caliciviridae Feline calicivirus Bacilillus subtilis Pasteurella Aspergillus Níger vegetative volantium Coronaviridae Infectious bronchitis Bordatella spp. Proteus vulgaris Candida albicans Herpesviridae Infectious Clostridium spp. Pseudomonas Micoplasma spp. Lyringotracheitis aeruginosa Marek’s Diseases Corynebacterium Salmonella Penicillium spp. typhimurium brevicompactum Orthomyxoviridae Avian influenza Escherichia coli Shigella sonnei Saccaromyces carlsbergensis Paramyxoviridae Newcastle Disease Haemophilus Staphylococcus Trichophyton aureus mentagrophytes Parvovirus* Canine parvovirus Paragallinarum Streptococcus faecium Poxviridae Avian pox Klebsiella Vibrio spp. pneumoniae Togaviridae Equine viral arteritis Lactobacillus fermentum 6 Efficacy: bacteria & Fungus 7 Efficacy: Aspergillus 8 Maize: 9 Soybean: Alternaria spp. Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Acremonium spp. Mycosphaerella usoenskajae Arkoola nigra Nematospora coryli Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph] Neocosmospora vasinfecta Calonectria crotalariae Peronospora manshurica Cercospora kikuchii Phakopsora pachyrhizi Cercospora sojina Cephalosporium gregatum Chalara elegans Phomopsis sojae Choanephora infundibulifera Phylloscta sojaecola Colletotrichum spp Phymatotrichopsis omnivora Corynespora cassiicola Phytophthora sojae Cylindrocladium crotalariae Pleospora tarda Dactuliochaeta glycines Pyrenochaeta glycines Dactuliophora glycines Pythium spp Diaporthe phaseolorum Rhizoctonia solani Drechslera glycines Scleronia scleroorum Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines Scleroum rolfsii Fusarium spp. Septoria glycines Glomerella glycines Spaceloma glycines Leptosphaerulina trifolii Stemphylium botryosum Macrophomina phaseolina Thanatephorus cucumeris Microsphaera diffusa Thielaviopsis basicola 10 The problem… Cercospora sojina Stenocarpella maydis Kingdom: Fungi Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Ascomycota Phylum: Ascomycota Class: Dothideomycetes Class: Sordariomycetes Subclass: Dothideomycetidae Subclass: Sordariomycetidae Order: Capnodiales Order: Diaporthales Family: Mycosphaerellaceae Family: Incertae sedis Genus: Cercospora Genus: Stenocarpella Species: C. sojina Species: S. Maydis Binomial name Binomial name EPPO A2 list: No. 68 11 Stenocarpella maydis Life cycle The causal fungi overwinter as pycnidia in infected maize stalk debris. During wet weather, conidia are produced and are rain splash disseminated to silks. The fungi then grow down the silks and infect the ear. Generally, ears are most vulnerable to infection in the three week period following silking. Infection can also occur through the base of the ear or through ear injuries caused by birds and insects. If infection occurs early (following flowering), the fungi colonizes the ear, giving rise to pycnidia late in the season. 12 Cercospora sojina 13 Esporulación en semilla de C. sojina Mode of action of Sportek Sporekill reduces the surface tension at interfaces, and is attracted to negatively charged surfaces of all stages of fungal life cycle and or structures (spores, hyphae, clamydospores, sclerotia, pycnidia). It then denature the proteins of the fungal cell, affect the metabolic reactions of the cell and allow vital substances to leak out of the cell, finally causing death. 14 Efficacy trials: Cercospora y Stenocarpella Materials & Methods: In vitro trial of a conidial suspension of Cercospora sojina and discs of Stenocarpella maydis in a growth medium. Pathogens were grown in glucose potato agar at 2% with streptomicyne. For each fungus, the treatments were: 1 - absolute control 2 - Sporekill dose 1 (3%), 1 min 3 - Sporekill dose 1, 3 min 4 - Sporekill dose 2 (5%), 1 min 5 - Sporekill dose 2, 3 min 6 - organic acid dose 1, 1 min 7 - organic acid dose 1, 3 min 8 - organic acid dose 2, 1 min 9 - organic acid dose 2, 3 min 15 Efficacy: Stenocarpella Hyphal growth measured as diameter of colonies of Stenocarpella sp. at 3, 5 and 8 days of incubation, with Control without exposure to any treatment, 4 treatments with Sporekill (2 dosis and 2 times) and 4 treatments with Organic acid (2 dosis and 2 times). 16 Efficacy: Cercospora Colony forming Units of Cercospora sojina at 3 and 7 days of incubation, with Control without exposure to any treatment, 4 treatments with Sporekill (2 dosis and 2 times) and 4 treatments with Organic acid (2 dosis and 2 times). 17 Efficacy: Stenocarpella & Cercospora 18 Conclusion: Sporetek is: • Efficient to eliminate Stenocarpella maydis and to guarantee Free from • Inexpensive • An Excellent bactericide as well. 19 The End Thank you! Ing Juan M Hernandez Vieyra +54 11 47304700 [email protected] 20 Propiedades de Sportek : 21 .
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