Isolation and Characterization of the Mating-Type Locus of the Barley
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Pyrenophora Graminea ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرچ ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﮑﻪ ﻧﻮاري ﺟﻮ
ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ / ﺟﻠﺪ ۵۶ / ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۲ / ﺳﺎﻝ ۱۳۹۹: ۲۰۵-۱۹۳ Pyrenophora graminea ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرچ ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﮑﻪ ﻧﻮاري ﺟﻮ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان *1 2 1 ﺑﯿﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺧﺎﻧﯽ ، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻪ اﺣﻤﺪﭘﻮر و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻮان ﻧﯿﮑﺨﻮاه (ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 29/1/1399؛ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1399/3/13) ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻟﮑﻪ ﻧﻮاري ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ Pyrenophora graminea ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﺨﺮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395، 121 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ P. graminea از ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﻏﺮﺑﯽ (ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب)، آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ (ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ)، اردﺑﯿﻞ (ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻮ) و زﻧﺠﺎن (ﺧﺮﻣﺪره) ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻏﺎزﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، آﻏﺎزﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﭗ آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ - MAT-2 HMG MAT-1 α اﺳﺎس ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه از اﯾﺪﯾﻮﻣﻮرف و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از اﯾﺪﯾﻮﻣﻮرف ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ اﯾﺪﯾﻮﻣﻮرف ﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎي P. graminea ﺑﻪ روش Multiplex PCR ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 121 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ، 56 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ داراي - MAT-2 MAT-1 ﺗﯿﭗ آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ و 65 ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ داراي ﺗﯿﭗ آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ در ﮐﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، در ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮﻣﺪره ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ (1) و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﭗ آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ MAT-1 و MAT-2 از ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ 2 ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﮐﺎي اﺳﮑﻮﺋﺮ ( X)، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، اردﺑﯿﻞ (ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ 1 و 2) و ﺧﺮﻣﺪره ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ (2) ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب و ﺧﺮﻣﺪره ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ (1)، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب و ﺧﺮﻣﺪره ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ (1) ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﺟﺪاﯾﻪﻫﺎ از ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎروري ﺟﻨﺴﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺰﺷﯽ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. -
Protection Against Fungi in the Marketing of Grains and Byproducts
Protection against fungi in the marketing of grains and byproducts Ing. Agr. Juan M. Hernandez Vieyra ARGENT EXPORT S.A. May 2nd 2011 OBJECTIVE: To supply tools to eliminate fungus and bacteria contamination in maize and soybeans: Particularly: Stenocarpella maydis Cercospora sojina 2 • Powerfull Disinfectant of great efficacy in fungus, bacteria and virus • Produced by ICA Laboratories, South Africa. • aka SPOREKILL, VIRUKILL • Registered in more than 20 countries: USA, Australia, New Zeland, Brazil, Philipines, Israel • Product scientifically and field proven, with more than 15 years in the international market. • Registered at SENASA • Certifications: ISO 9001, GMP. 3 Properties of Sportek: – Based on a novel and patented quaternary amonio compound sintesis : didecil dimetil amonium chloride. – Excellent biodegradability thus, low environmental impact. – Really non corrosive and non oxidative. – Non toxic at recommended dosis . – Minimum inhibition concentration has a very low toxicity, LD 50>4000mg/Kg., lower than table salt. – High content of surfactants with excellent wetting capacity and penetration. – High efficacy in presence of organic matter, also with hard waters and heavy soils. – Non dependent of pH and is effective under a wide range of temperatures. 4 What is Sportek used for: To disinfect a wide spectrum of surfaces and feeds against: • Virus, • Bacteria, • Mycoplasma, • yeast, • Algae, • Fungus. 5 Where Sportek has been proven: VIRUKILL ES EFECTIVO CONTRA LOS VIRUS DE AVICULTURA, BACTERIAS HONGOS Y GRUPOS DE FAMILIA DE MICOPLASMA Hongos, levadura y EJEMPLOS DE VIRUS EJEMPLOS DE BACTERIAS ejemplos de Grupos de familia Ejemplos de Acinetobacter Ornithobacterium micoplasma patógenos anitratus rhinotracheale Birnaviridae Gumboro (IBD) Bacillus subtilis Pasteurella spores multocida Caliciviridae Feline calicivirus Bacilillus subtilis Pasteurella Aspergillus Níger vegetative volantium Coronaviridae Infectious bronchitis Bordatella spp. -
Reference Assembly and Annotation of the Pyrenophora Teres F. Teres Isolate 0-1
GENOME REPORT Reference Assembly and Annotation of the Pyrenophora teres f. teres Isolate 0-1 Nathan A. Wyatt,*,† Jonathan K. Richards,† Robert S. Brueggeman,*,† and Timothy L. Friesen*,†,‡,1 *Genomics and Bioinformatics Program and †Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102 and ‡Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Fargo, North Dakota 58102 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5634-2200 (T.L.F.) ABSTRACT Pyrenophora teres f. teres, the causal agent of net form net blotch (NFNB) of barley, is a KEYWORDS destructive pathogen in barley-growing regions throughout the world. Typical yield losses due to NFNB Pyrenophora range from 10 to 40%; however, complete loss has been observed on highly susceptible barley lines where teres f. teres environmental conditions favor the pathogen. Currently, genomic resources for this economically important genome pathogen are limited to a fragmented draft genome assembly and annotation, with limited RNA support of sequencing the P. teres f. teres isolate 0-1. This research presents an updated 0-1 reference assembly facilitated by RNAseq long-read sequencing and scaffolding with the assistance of genetic linkage maps. Additionally, genome PacBio annotation was mediated by RNAseq analysis using three infection time points and a pure culture sample, barley resulting in 11,541 high-confidence gene models. The 0-1 genome assembly and annotation presented genome report here now contains the majority of the repetitive content of the genome. Analysis of the 0-1 genome revealed classic characteristics of a “two-speed” genome, being compartmentalized into GC-equilibrated and AT-rich compartments. -
Analysis of the Emerging Situation of Resistance to Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in Pyrenophora Teres and Zymoseptoria Tritici in Europe
Universität Hohenheim Institut für Phytomedizin Fachgebiet Phytopathologie Prof. Dr. Ralf T. Vögele Analysis of the emerging situation of resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors in Pyrenophora teres and Zymoseptoria tritici in Europe Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Agrarwissenschaften vorgelegt der Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften von Dipl. Agr. Biol. Alexandra Rehfus aus Leonberg 2018 Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt und finanziert durch die BASF SE, Unternehmensbereich Pflanzenschutz, Forschung Fungizide, Limburgerhof. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde am 15.05.2017 von der Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften der Universität Hohenheim als „Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der agrarwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Hohenheim in Stuttgart“ angenommen. Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.11.2017 1. Dekan: Prof. Dr. R. T. Vögele Berichterstatter, 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. R. T. Vögele Mitberichterstatter, 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. O. Spring 3. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Dr. C. P. W. Zebitz Leiter des Kolloquiums: Prof. Dr. J. Wünsche Table of contents III Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................. III Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... VII Figures ................................................................................................................. IX Tables ................................................................................................................. -
Molecular Identification of Fungi
Molecular Identification of Fungi Youssuf Gherbawy l Kerstin Voigt Editors Molecular Identification of Fungi Editors Prof. Dr. Youssuf Gherbawy Dr. Kerstin Voigt South Valley University University of Jena Faculty of Science School of Biology and Pharmacy Department of Botany Institute of Microbiology 83523 Qena, Egypt Neugasse 25 [email protected] 07743 Jena, Germany [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-05041-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-05042-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938949 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, kindly supported by ‘leopardy.com’ Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Dedicated to Prof. Lajos Ferenczy (1930–2004) microbiologist, mycologist and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, one of the most outstanding Hungarian biologists of the twentieth century Preface Fungi comprise a vast variety of microorganisms and are numerically among the most abundant eukaryotes on Earth’s biosphere. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Pyrenophora Teres: Taxonomy, Morphology, Interaction with Barley, and Mode of Control Aurélie Backes, Gea Guerriero, Essaid Ait Barka, Cédric Jacquard
Pyrenophora teres: Taxonomy, Morphology, Interaction With Barley, and Mode of Control Aurélie Backes, Gea Guerriero, Essaid Ait Barka, Cédric Jacquard To cite this version: Aurélie Backes, Gea Guerriero, Essaid Ait Barka, Cédric Jacquard. Pyrenophora teres: Taxonomy, Morphology, Interaction With Barley, and Mode of Control. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, 10.3389/fpls.2021.614951. hal-03279025 HAL Id: hal-03279025 https://hal.univ-reims.fr/hal-03279025 Submitted on 6 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License REVIEW published: 06 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614951 Pyrenophora teres: Taxonomy, Morphology, Interaction With Barley, and Mode of Control Aurélie Backes 1, Gea Guerriero 2, Essaid Ait Barka 1* and Cédric Jacquard 1* 1 Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France, 2 Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg Net blotch, induced by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres, has become among the most important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Easily recognizable by brown reticulated stripes on the sensitive barley leaves, net blotch reduces the yield by up to 40% and decreases seed quality. -
The Emergence of Cereal Fungal Diseases and the Incidence of Leaf Spot Diseases in Finland
AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Vol. 20 (2011): 62–73. Vol. 20(2011): 62–73. The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland Marja Jalli, Pauliina Laitinen and Satu Latvala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, email: [email protected] Fungal plant pathogens causing cereal diseases in Finland have been studied by a literature survey, and a field survey of cereal leaf spot diseases conducted in 2009. Fifty-seven cereal fungal diseases have been identified in Finland. The first available references on different cereal fungal pathogens were published in 1868 and the most recent reports are on the emergence of Ramularia collo-cygni and Fusarium langsethiae in 2001. The incidence of cereal leaf spot diseases has increased during the last 40 years. Based on the field survey done in 2009 in Finland, Pyrenophora teres was present in 86%, Cochliobolus sativus in 90% and Rhynchosporium secalis in 52% of the investigated barley fields.Mycosphaerella graminicola was identi- fied for the first time in Finnish spring wheat fields, being present in 6% of the studied fields.Stagonospora nodorum was present in 98% and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in 94% of spring wheat fields. Oat fields had the fewest fungal diseases. Pyrenophora chaetomioides was present in 63% and Cochliobolus sativus in 25% of the oat fields studied. Key-words: Plant disease, leaf spot disease, emergence, cereal, barley, wheat, oat Introduction nbrock and McDonald 2009). Changes in cropping systems and in climate are likely to maintain the plant-pathogen interactions (Gregory et al. -
The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. -
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Hilton et al. Microbiome (2021) 9:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00972-0 RESEARCH Open Access Identification of microbial signatures linked to oilseed rape yield decline at the landscape scale Sally Hilton1* , Emma Picot1, Susanne Schreiter2, David Bass3,4, Keith Norman5, Anna E. Oliver6, Jonathan D. Moore7, Tim H. Mauchline2, Peter R. Mills8, Graham R. Teakle1, Ian M. Clark2, Penny R. Hirsch2, Christopher J. van der Gast9 and Gary D. Bending1* Abstract Background: The plant microbiome plays a vital role in determining host health and productivity. However, we lack real-world comparative understanding of the factors which shape assembly of its diverse biota, and crucially relationships between microbiota composition and plant health. Here we investigated landscape scale rhizosphere microbial assembly processes in oilseed rape (OSR), the UK’s third most cultivated crop by area and the world's third largest source of vegetable oil, which suffers from yield decline associated with the frequency it is grown in rotations. By including 37 conventional farmers’ fields with varying OSR rotation frequencies, we present an innovative approach to identify microbial signatures characteristic of microbiomes which are beneficial and harmful to the host. Results: We show that OSR yield decline is linked to rotation frequency in real-world agricultural systems. We demonstrate fundamental differences in the environmental and agronomic drivers of protist, bacterial and fungal communities between root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil compartments. We further discovered that the assembly of fungi, but neither bacteria nor protists, was influenced by OSR rotation frequency. However, there were individual abundant bacterial OTUs that correlated with either yield or rotation frequency. -
Cloning and Analysis of the Mating-Type Idiomorphs from the Barley Pathogen Septoria Passerinii
Mol Gen Genomics (2003) 269: 1–12 DOI 10.1007/s00438-002-0795-x ORIGINAL PAPER S. B. Goodwin Æ C. Waalwijk Æ G. H. J. Kema J. R. Cavaletto Æ G. Zhang Cloning and analysis of the mating-type idiomorphs from the barley pathogen Septoria passerinii Received: 15 April 2002 / Accepted: 5 December 2002 / Published online: 11 March 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract The genus Septoria contains more than 1000 amplified polymorphic DNA markers revealed that each species of plant pathogenic fungi, most of which have no isolate had a unique genotype. The common occurrence known sexual stage. Species of Septoria without a known of both mating types on the same leaf and the high levels sexual stage could be recent derivatives of sexual species of genotypic diversity indicate that S. passerinii is almost that have lost the ability to mate. To test this hypothesis, certainly not an asexual derivative of a sexual fungus. the mating-type region of S. passerinii, a species with no Instead, sexual reproduction probably plays an integral known sexual stage, was cloned, sequenced, and com- role in the life cycle of S. passerinii and may be much pared to that of its close relative S. tritici (sexual stage: more important than previously believed in this (and Mycosphaerella graminicola). Both of the S. passerinii possibly other) ‘‘asexual’’ species of Septoria. mating-type idiomorphs were approximately 3 kb in size and contained a single reading frame interrupted by one Keywords Cochliobolus Æ Evolution Æ (MAT-2)ortwo(MAT-1) putative introns. The putative Loculoascomycetes Æ Multiplex PCR Æ Mycosphaerella products of MAT-1 and MAT-2 are characterized by graminicola alpha-box and high-mobility-group sequences, respec- tively, similar to those in the mating-type genes of M. -
Threat Specific Contingency Plan Net Form of Net Blotch
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE GRAINS INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Net form of net blotch (exotic pathotypes) Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres Prepared by Trevor Bretag and Plant Health Australia May 2009 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Contingency Plan – Net form of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres) Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6260 4322 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au | PAGE 2 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Contingency Plan – Net form of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f.