Host„&Ndash;„Pathogen Interactions in Relation To
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Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
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Hilton et al. Microbiome (2021) 9:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00972-0 RESEARCH Open Access Identification of microbial signatures linked to oilseed rape yield decline at the landscape scale Sally Hilton1* , Emma Picot1, Susanne Schreiter2, David Bass3,4, Keith Norman5, Anna E. Oliver6, Jonathan D. Moore7, Tim H. Mauchline2, Peter R. Mills8, Graham R. Teakle1, Ian M. Clark2, Penny R. Hirsch2, Christopher J. van der Gast9 and Gary D. Bending1* Abstract Background: The plant microbiome plays a vital role in determining host health and productivity. However, we lack real-world comparative understanding of the factors which shape assembly of its diverse biota, and crucially relationships between microbiota composition and plant health. Here we investigated landscape scale rhizosphere microbial assembly processes in oilseed rape (OSR), the UK’s third most cultivated crop by area and the world's third largest source of vegetable oil, which suffers from yield decline associated with the frequency it is grown in rotations. By including 37 conventional farmers’ fields with varying OSR rotation frequencies, we present an innovative approach to identify microbial signatures characteristic of microbiomes which are beneficial and harmful to the host. Results: We show that OSR yield decline is linked to rotation frequency in real-world agricultural systems. We demonstrate fundamental differences in the environmental and agronomic drivers of protist, bacterial and fungal communities between root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil compartments. We further discovered that the assembly of fungi, but neither bacteria nor protists, was influenced by OSR rotation frequency. However, there were individual abundant bacterial OTUs that correlated with either yield or rotation frequency. -
Cloning and Analysis of the Mating-Type Idiomorphs from the Barley Pathogen Septoria Passerinii
Mol Gen Genomics (2003) 269: 1–12 DOI 10.1007/s00438-002-0795-x ORIGINAL PAPER S. B. Goodwin Æ C. Waalwijk Æ G. H. J. Kema J. R. Cavaletto Æ G. Zhang Cloning and analysis of the mating-type idiomorphs from the barley pathogen Septoria passerinii Received: 15 April 2002 / Accepted: 5 December 2002 / Published online: 11 March 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract The genus Septoria contains more than 1000 amplified polymorphic DNA markers revealed that each species of plant pathogenic fungi, most of which have no isolate had a unique genotype. The common occurrence known sexual stage. Species of Septoria without a known of both mating types on the same leaf and the high levels sexual stage could be recent derivatives of sexual species of genotypic diversity indicate that S. passerinii is almost that have lost the ability to mate. To test this hypothesis, certainly not an asexual derivative of a sexual fungus. the mating-type region of S. passerinii, a species with no Instead, sexual reproduction probably plays an integral known sexual stage, was cloned, sequenced, and com- role in the life cycle of S. passerinii and may be much pared to that of its close relative S. tritici (sexual stage: more important than previously believed in this (and Mycosphaerella graminicola). Both of the S. passerinii possibly other) ‘‘asexual’’ species of Septoria. mating-type idiomorphs were approximately 3 kb in size and contained a single reading frame interrupted by one Keywords Cochliobolus Æ Evolution Æ (MAT-2)ortwo(MAT-1) putative introns. The putative Loculoascomycetes Æ Multiplex PCR Æ Mycosphaerella products of MAT-1 and MAT-2 are characterized by graminicola alpha-box and high-mobility-group sequences, respec- tively, similar to those in the mating-type genes of M. -
Reduction in the Use of Fungicides in Apple and Sour Cherry Production by Preventative Methods and Warning Systems
Reduction in the use of fungicides in apple and sour cherry production by preventative methods and warning systems Pesticides Research No. 139 2012 Title: Authors & contributors: Reduction in the use of fungicides in apple and 1Hanne Lindhard Pedersen, 2Birgit Jensen, 3Lisa Munk, 2,4Marianne Bengtsson and 5Marc Trapman sour cherry production by preventative methods and warning systems 1Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. (AU- Aarslev) 2Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 3Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 4present address: Patent & Science Information Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark 5BioFruit Advies, The Netherlands. 1 Institut for Fødevarer, Aarhus Universitet, (AU-Aarslev) 2 Institut for Plantebiologi og Bioteknologi, Det Biovidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet 3 Institut for Jordbrug og Økologi, Det Biovidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. 4 Patent & Science Information Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Danmark. 5 BioFruit Advies, Holland. Publisher: Miljøstyrelsen Strandgade 29 1401 København K www.mst.dk Year: 2012 ISBN no. 978-87-92779-70-0 Disclaimer: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark. May be quoted provided the source is acknowledged. 2 Reduction in the use of fungicides in apple and sour cherry production by preventative methods and warning systems Content PREFACE 5 SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSIONER 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9 1. -
Isolation and Characterization of the Mating-Type Locus of the Barley
855 Isolation and characterization of the mating-type locus of the barley pathogen Pyrenophora teres and frequencies of mating-type idiomorphs within and among fungal populations collected from barley landraces Domenico Rau, Frank J. Maier, Roberto Papa, Anthony H.D. Brown, Virgilio Balmas, Eva Saba, Wilhelm Schaefer, and Giovanna Attene Abstract: Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres mating-type genes (MAT-1: 1190 bp; MAT-2: 1055 bp) have been identified. Their predicted proteins, measuring 379 and 333 amino acids, respectively, are similar to those of other Pleosporales, such as Pleospora sp., Cochliobolus sp., Alternaria alternata, Leptosphaeria maculans, and Phaeosphaeria nodorum. The structure of the MAT locus is discussed in comparison with those of other fungi. A mating-type PCR assay has also been developed; with this assay we have analyzed 150 isolates that were collected from 6 Sardinian barley land- race populations. Of these, 68 were P. t e re s f. sp. teres (net form; NF) and 82 were P. t e re s f. sp. maculata (spot form; SF). Within each mating type, the NF and SF amplification products were of the same length and were highly similar in sequence. The 2 mating types were present in both the NF and the SF populations at the field level, indicating that they have all maintained the potential for sexual reproduction. Despite the 2 forms being sympatric in 5 fields, no in- termediate isolates were detected with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. These results suggest that the 2 forms are genetically isolated under the field conditions. In all of the samples of P. -
Root-Associated Fungal Microbiota of Nonmycorrhizal Arabis Alpina and Its Contribution to Plant Phosphorus Nutrition
Root-associated fungal microbiota of nonmycorrhizal PNAS PLUS Arabis alpina and its contribution to plant phosphorus nutrition Juliana Almarioa,b,1, Ganga Jeenaa,b, Jörg Wunderc, Gregor Langena,b, Alga Zuccaroa,b, George Couplandb,c, and Marcel Buchera,b,2 SEE COMMENTARY aBotanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; bCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; and cDepartment of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany Edited by Luis Herrera-Estrella, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, and approved September 1, 2017 (received for review June 9, 2017) Most land plants live in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal to account for these cross-kingdom interactions to be complete. (AM) fungi and rely on this symbiosis to scavenge phosphorus (P) Here, we integrate these concepts and study the role of root- from soil. The ability to establish this partnership has been lost in associated fungi other than AM in plant P nutrition. some plant lineages like the Brassicaceae, which raises the question In some plant lineages, AM co-occurs with other mycorrhizal of what alternative nutrition strategies such plants have to grow in symbioses like ectomycorrhiza (woody plants), orchid mycorrhiza P-impoverished soils. To understand the contribution of plant–micro- (orchids), and ericoid mycorrhiza (Ericaceae) (10). These associ- biota interactions, we studied the root-associated fungal microbiome ations can also promote plant nutrition; however, they have not of Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) with the hypothesis that some of its been described in Brassicaceae. Endophytic microbes can promote components can promote plant P acquisition. -
Light Leaf Spot and White Leaf Spot of Brassicaceae in Washington State
LIGHT LEAF SPOT AND WHITE LEAF SPOT OF BRASSICACEAE IN WASHINGTON STATE By SHANNON MARIE CARMODY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PLANT PATHOLOGY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology JULY 2017 © Copyright by SHANNON MARIE CARMODY, 2017 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of SHANNON MARIE CARMODY find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Lindsey J. du Toit, Ph.D., Chair Lori M. Carris, Ph.D. Timothy C. Paulitz, Ph.D. Cynthia M. Ocamb, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank my major advisor Dr. Lindsey du Toit for her tireless mentorship, passion, and enthusiasm. I wish to thanks my committee members Dr. Lori Carris, Dr. Cynthia Ocamb, and Dr. Timothy Paulitz who welcomed me into their labs in Pullman, WA and when visiting in Corvallis, OR. This work would not have been possible without the financial support of the Clif Bar Family Foundation Seed Matters Initiative and the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Fellowship. Thank you to all of the faculty, students, and staff of WSU Mount Vernon and WSU Pullman who have generously shared time, support, knowledge, tulips, equipment, and humor. As was noted in my hospital chart, you all made sure I was “emotionally, financially, and botanically supported” which is more than I could have ever asked for. None of my research would have been possible without the members of the Vegetable Seed Pathology Lab. -
Xenocylindrosporium Persoonial Reflections 201
200 Persoonia – Volume 23, 2009 Xenocylindrosporium Persoonial Reflections 201 Fungal Planet 44 – 23 December 2009 Xenocylindrosporium Crous & Verkley, gen. nov. Cylindrosporio simile, sed conidiomatibus minore evolutis, conidiis curvatis, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical, terminal or lateral on apice attenuato, 0–1-septatis et phylogenetice distinctis. septate conidiophores, monophialidic with minute periclinal Etymology. Morphologically similar, but distinct from Cylindrosporium. thickening. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, curved, widest in middle, tapering to acutely rounded apex and truncate base, Conidiomata on host immersed, black, opening by irregular 0–1-septate. rupture, acervuloid, up to 300 µm diam; wall consisting of 3–4 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, Type species. Xenocylindrosporium kirstenboschense. smooth, subcylindrical, branched, septate, or reduced to am- MycoBank MB514709. pulliform conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, Xenocylindrosporium kirstenboschense Crous & Verkley, sp. nov. Conidiomata acervulata, ad 300 µm diam. Conidiophora hyalina, laevia, Typus. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical subcylindrica, ramosa, 2–4-septata, 10–30 × 2–3 µm. Cellulae conidio- Gardens, 33° 59' 21.5" S, 18° 25' 45.4" E, on leaves of Encephalartos frid- genae hyalinae, laeviae, ampulliformes vel subcylindricae, 5–15 × 2–3 erici-guilielmi, 13 Jan. 2009, P.W. Crous, CBS H-20346, holotype, culture µm. Conidia solitaria, hyalina, laevia, curvata, in medio maxime lata, apice ex-type CPC 16311, 16312 = CBS 125545; GenBank (ITS: GU229890; LSU: attenuato, acute rotundato, basi truncata, 0–1-septata, (17–)22–27(–32) GU229891), MycoBank MB514710. × (1.5–)2(–3) µm. Notes — Based on its acervular conidiomata, phialides, Etymology. Named after Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, South Africa, and hyaline, curved conidia, this present collection appears to where this fungus was collected. -
Mollisia Friday, 22 March 2019 9:46 PM
Mollisia Friday, 22 March 2019 9:46 PM These notes were Initially prepared in late 2017, additional species have subsequently been collected in NZ, but this summary gives an idea of the diversity present in NZs native forests, and its relationship to that found in the rest of the world. Data is presented as an ITS gene tree, comparing the 50 or so New Zealand Mollisia and Mollisia-like species for which there are cultures, to specimens treated by Joey Tanney (2016; Phialocephala) , Brian Douglas (2013, PhD thesis), and Genbank BLAST matches to accessions from type specimens (Ascocoryne, Helicodendron and Dimorphospora (Gelatinodiscaceae) as outgroups). UNITE Species Hypothesis matches are noted. Morphology has barely been compared, but in the case of NZ Species 31 morphology does not support the ITS-based genetic match. Any matches need confirming with a more discriminatory gene; RPB1 has been used by Tanney and others. Generic limits remain poorly resolved. Data in Geneious Dan Discos\28 Sept 2017\Mollisia 'Mollisia' in the sense discussed here includes most of the New Zealand specimens having a sexual fruiting body with a Dermateaceae morphology in the sense of Korf (non-gelatinous excipulum of more or less globose cells, usually with dark walls) that have an ITS sequence available, in morphologically defined genera such as Mollisia, Pyrenopeziza, Niptera, and Tapesia. Also included are the (as yet unpublished) sequences from the Mollisia PhD thesis of Brian Douglas, the Phialocephala sequences from Joey Tanney (2016), and sequences that represent type specimens from Genbank BLAST search results based on the New Zealand sequences. -
Evolution of Helotialean Fungi (Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina): a Nuclear Rdna Phylogeny
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 (2006) 295–312 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolution of helotialean fungi (Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina): A nuclear rDNA phylogeny Zheng Wang a,¤, Manfred Binder a, Conrad L. Schoch b, Peter R. Johnston c, Joseph W. Spatafora b, David S. Hibbett a a Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA c Herbarium PDD, Landcare Research, Private bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Received 5 December 2005; revised 21 April 2006; accepted 24 May 2006 Available online 3 June 2006 Abstract The highly divergent characters of morphology, ecology, and biology in the Helotiales make it one of the most problematic groups in traditional classiWcation and molecular phylogeny. Sequences of three rDNA regions, SSU, LSU, and 5.8S rDNA, were generated for 50 helotialean fungi, representing 11 out of 13 families in the current classiWcation. Data sets with diVerent compositions were assembled, and parsimony and Bayesian analyses were performed. The phylogenetic distribution of lifestyle and ecological factors was assessed. Plant endophytism is distributed across multiple clades in the Leotiomycetes. Our results suggest that (1) the inclusion of LSU rDNA and a wider taxon sampling greatly improves resolution of the Helotiales phylogeny, however, the usefulness of rDNA in resolving the deep relationships within the Leotiomycetes is limited; (2) a new class Geoglossomycetes, including Geoglossum, Trichoglossum, and Sarcoleo- tia, is the basal lineage of the Leotiomyceta; (3) the Leotiomycetes, including the Helotiales, Erysiphales, Cyttariales, Rhytismatales, and Myxotrichaceae, is monophyletic; and (4) nine clades can be recognized within the Helotiales. -
Macrofungal Diversity Associated with the Scale-Leaf Juniper Trees, Juniperus Excelsa and J
H. H. DOĞAN, M. KARADELEV, M. IŞILOĞLU Turk J Bot 35 (2011) 219-237 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1004-303 Macrofungal diversity associated with the scale-leaf juniper trees, Juniperus excelsa and J. foetidissima, distributed in Turkey Hasan Hüseyin DOĞAN1,*, Mitko KARADELEV2, Mustafa IŞILOĞLU3 1Selçuk University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, 42031 Konya - TURKEY 2Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Arhimedova 5, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje - MACEDONIA 3Muğla University, Science and Art Faculty, Biology Department, Kötekli, Muğla - TURKEY Received: 20.04.2010 Accepted: 03.09.2010 Abstract: In this article, an attempt has been made to establish the qualitative composition of macromycetes in the communities of scale-leaf juniper, Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. and J. foetidissima Willd., distributed in Turkey. A total of 127 species of macrofungi were registered, 2 belonging to Ascomycota and 125 to Basidiomycota. Of those, 69 species were collected in Juniperus excelsa stands, 23 in J. foetidissima stands, and 35 species in both juniper stands. Th e ecologic status for the fungal species is as follows: 30 lignicolous and 39 terricolous in J. excelsa stands, 19 lignicolous and 4 terricolous in J. foetidissima, and 31 lignicolous and 4 terricolous in both stands. For Turkey, 23 taxa were new, and 5 of them were new at genus level. Th e new genera were Pyrenopeziza Fuckel, Amyloathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden, Byssoporia M.J.Larsen & Zak, Globulicium Hjortstam, and Subulicium Hjortstam & Ryvarden. Key words: Macrofungal diversity, Juniperus, new records, Turkey Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren pulsu yapraklı ardıç ağaçları, Juniperus excelsa ve J. foetidissima, birliğindeki makrofungal çeşitlilik Özet: Bu makalede Türkiye’de yetişen pulsu yapraklı ardıç ağaçları, Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. -
Final Report - House Bill 2427
Final Report - House Bill 2427 Submitted November 1, 2017 Oregon State University Contributors Carol Mallory-Smith, Professor Pete Berry, PhD Graduate Student Gabriel Flick, PhD Graduate Student Department oF Crop and Soil Science Cynthia Ocamb, Associate ProFessor Brianna Claassen, MS Graduate Student Department oF Botany and Plant Pathology Jessica Green, Senior Research Assistant Department oF Horticulture We express appreciation to the reviewers For their time and For their Feedback and constructive comments For improving the report. We thank all those from the specialty seed industry and the canola growers who provided information and technical expertise. We are especially grateFul to the growers who let us use their Fields For the research. PEER REVIEWERS Beverly Gerdeman Ph.D. Dr. James Myers Assistant Research ProFessor Baggett-Frazier ProFessor – Vegetable Entomology Breeding and Genetics Washington State University Mount Vernon Department oF Horticulture NWREC Oregon State University 16650 State Route 536 4017 Ag and LiFe Sciences Bldg Mount Vernon, WA 98273-4768 Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Lindsey J. du Toit Dr Faye Ritchie ProFessor / Extension Plant Pathologist Senior Research Consultant - Plant Pathology Vegetable Seed Pathologist ADAS Department oF Plant Pathology ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Washington State University Mount Vernon Boxworth, CB23 4NN NWREC United Kingdom 16650 State Route 536 Mount Vernon, WA 98273-4768, USA Dr. Jamon Van Den Hoek Assistant ProFessor Dr. Glenn Murray College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ProFessor – Emeritus Sciences Agronomy and Crop Physiology Oregon State University University oF Idaho Strand Hall 347 410 S Polk Street Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Moscow, Idaho 83843 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For providing Field pinning map locations: Terry Ross, Integrated Seed Production Don Wirth, Saddle Butte Ag George Pugh, AMPAC Seed Company Macey Wesssels and Mark Beitel, Barenbrug Seed Incorporated GROWER COOPERATORS FOR THE RESEARCH Bashaw Land and Seed INC.