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Improved Management of Light Leaf Spot in Brassicas by Exploiting Resistance and Understanding Pathogen Variation

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Improved Management of Light Leaf Spot in Brassicas by Exploiting Resistance and Understanding Pathogen Variation Project title: Improved management of light leaf spot in brassicas by exploiting resistance and understanding pathogen variation Project number: FV422 Report: Annual Report [June 2014] Previous report: none Key staff: [Supervisor: Prof. Bruce Fitt] [Supervisor: Dr. Henrik Stotz] [PhD student: Coretta Klöppel] Location of project: University of Hertfordshire Industry Representative: [Simon Jackson, Allium & Brassica Centre Wash Road, Kirton (Lincolnshire) PE20 1QQ] Date project commenced: [30 June 2013] Date project completed [30 September 2016] (or expected completion date): 1 DISCLAIMER AHDB, operating through its HDC division seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing. No warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. Copyright, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2021. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic means) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without the prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board or HDC is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. AHDB (logo) is a registered trademark of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. HDC is a registered trademark of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, for use by its HDC division. I All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. The results and conclusions in this report are based on an investigation conducted over a one-year period. The conditions under which the experiments were carried out and the results have been reported in detail and with accuracy. However, because of the biological nature of the work it must be borne in mind that different circumstances and conditions could produce different results. Therefore, care must be taken with interpretation of the results, especially if they are used as the basis for commercial product recommendations. II 2 AUTHENTICATION We declare that this work was done under our supervision according to the procedures described herein and that the report represents a true and accurate record of the results obtained. [Coretta Kloeppel] [PhD student] [University of Hertfordshire] Signature . ................ Date ....22/10/2014................. III 3 CONTENTS 1 DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................ I 2 AUTHENTICATION .............................................................................................. III 3 CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ IV 4 Grower summary ....................................................................................................... 1 4.1 Headline ..................................................................................................................... 1 4.2 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 4.3 Summary .................................................................................................................... 2 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 5.1 Plant defence responses against pathogens ................................................................ 3 5.1.1 Defence mechanisms of plants against pathogens ........................................... 3 5.1.2 Concepts for interactions between plants and pathogens ................................ 5 5.2 Genetic structure of plant pathogen populations ....................................................... 6 5.3 Influences on pathogen population genetics and structure ........................................ 6 5.4 Determination of population structures ..................................................................... 8 5.4.1 Determination of allele frequencies ................................................................. 8 5.4.2 Determination of population structures with molecular markers .................... 9 5.5 Importance of oilseed rape production .................................................................... 12 5.6 Importance of vegetable brassicas ........................................................................... 16 5.7 Pyrenopeziza brassicae and light leaf spot .............................................................. 20 5.8 Disease cycle of light leaf spot ................................................................................ 20 5.9 Diagnosis and symptom development on plants ..................................................... 24 5.9.1 Symptom development of light leaf spot on oilseed rape ............................. 24 5.9.2 Symptom development of light leaf spot on vegetable brassicas .................. 24 5.9.3 Molecular diagnosis of Pyrenopeziza brassicae ........................................... 24 5.10 IPM strategies to control light leaf spot ................................................................... 26 IV 5.10.1 Cultural practices ........................................................................................... 26 5.10.2 Resistance against Pyrenopeziza brassicae ................................................... 27 5.10.3 Fungicide application .................................................................................... 28 5.11 Aims of the study ..................................................................................................... 29 6 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................ 31 6.1 Culture media ........................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Collection of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates ........................................................ 32 6.3 Isolation and culturing of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates ..................................... 32 6.4 Pyrenopeziza brassicae inoculum production ......................................................... 34 6.4.1 Preparation of spore suspension from leaf material ...................................... 34 6.4.2 Preparation of spore suspension from in vitro cultures ................................. 34 6.5 Growth of plant material .......................................................................................... 34 6.6 Inoculation of true leaves ......................................................................................... 35 6.7 Light leaf spot assessment of OREGIN diversity set .............................................. 35 7 Results ...................................................................................................................... 37 7.1 Collection of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates ........................................................ 37 7.2 Growth of fungal cultures, morphology and complications .................................... 37 7.3 Plant growth issues .................................................................................................. 40 7.4 Light leaf spot assessment of the OREGIN diversity set ........................................ 42 8 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 47 8.1 Morphological variation between Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates ........................ 47 8.2 Plant growth and inoculation ................................................................................... 48 8.3 Variation of resistance against Pyrenopeziza brassicae in the OREGIN diversity set 48 9 Future Work ............................................................................................................. 50 9.1 Morphological differentiation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates.......................... 50 9.2 Molecular studies and population genetics .............................................................. 50 V 9.3 Pathogenicity tests on plant material ....................................................................... 50 9.4 Identification of R genes in the Q population .......................................................... 51 List of References ................................................................................................................ 52 VI 4 Grower summary 4.1 Headline This project focuses on the determination of the population structure of the causal agent of light leaf spot, Pyrenopeziza brassicae. It will be determined whether the same P. brassicae strains can infect both, oilseed rape and vegetables. Gene-for gene interactions between pathogen strains and plant cultivars will be studied.
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