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Fungal Flora of Korea Fungal Flora of Korea Volume 1, Number 2 Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes: Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Alternaria and Allied Genera 2015 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Fungal Flora of Korea Volume 1, Number 2 Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes: Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Alternaria and Allied Genera Seung Hun Yu Chungnam National University Fungal Flora of Korea Volume 1, Number 2 Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes: Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Alternaria and Allied Genera Copyright ⓒ 2015 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788968111259-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000905-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Kim, Sang-Bae Author : Seung Hun Yu Project Staff : Youn-Bong Ku, Ga Youn Cho, Eun-Young Lee Published on March 1, 2015 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface The biological resources represent all the composition of organisms and genetic resources which possess the practical and potential values essential for human lives, and occupies a firm position in producing highly value-added products such as new breeds, new materials and new drugs as a means of boosting the national competitiveness. As Nagoya Protocol adopted in 2010 entered into force in the 12th Conference of Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2014, the national and international environment in the approach and common ownership of profit on genetic resources has been rapidly changed, and the competition among the nations surrounding the genetic resources is expected to be highly intense. As a part of the program, each nation in the world is putting into order to secure the information about native organisms inhabiting in its own land. The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment has been publishing the ‘Flora and Fauna of Korea’ from 2006 to generally manage biological resources and to enhance national competitiveness by setting the foundation for the sovereignty over biological resources. Professional research group consisting of professors of taxonomy and related experts has syste- matically examined a total of 10,752 species for the past 7 years to publish 120 volumes each in Korean and English, and 2 volumes of World Monograph covering 216 species. In addition, 30 volumes of the ‘Flora and Fauna of Korea’, both in Korean and in English, covering 1,665 species of invertebrates, insects and algae are additionally published this year. The publication of the ‘Flora and Fauna of Korea’ serve to identify indigenous species living in Korea, to investigate biota, to improve the quality of national biological resources management and to provide the opportunity to lay the groundwork for the biotechnological industrialization of bio- logical resources. And I hope the project initiated by The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment will help to discover useful biological resources in Korea and to create high value-added activities including natural products, genetic resources and medical sub- stance development. The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment will continue to accelerate the project of the publication of the ‘Flora and Fauna of Korea’ to identify the entity of Korean indigenous species in the future. Personally I would like to express my sincere appreciation for those experts who spared no effort to publish the biological monographs; Emeritus Professor Seung Hun Yu of Chungnam National University. Kim, Sang-Bae President National Institute of Biological Resources 1 Contents List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Historical Review of Taxonomy 6 Materials and Methods 10 Taxonomy 11 Taxonomic Notes 13 1. Alternaria acalyphae (Nelen) E.G. Simmons 16 2. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler 19 3. Alternaria araliae H.C. Greene 22 4. Alternaria atra (Preuss) Woundenberg & Crous 24 5. Alternaria brassicae (Berkeley) Saccardo 26 6. Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire 29 7. Alternaria calendulae Ondrej˘ 32 8. Alternaria cassiae Jurair & A. Khan 34 9. Alternaria cinerariae Hori & Enjoji 36 10. Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce 38 11. Alternaria cosmosa Y.L. Li & W.S. Wu 40 12. Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. Elliot 42 13. Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko 45 14. Alternaria dianthicola Neergaard 47 15. Alternaria embellisia Woundenberg & Crous 49 16. Alternaria gaisen Nagano ex Hara 51 17. Alternaria gossypina (Thüm.) J.C.F. Hopkins 53 18. Alternaria helianthinficiens E.G. Simmons, Walcz & R.G. Roberts 55 19. Alternaria iridicola (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. Elliot 57 20. Alternaria japonica Yoshii 59 21. Alternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E.W. Mason 62 22. Alternaria macrospora Zimmermann 64 23. Alternaria mali Roberts 66 24. Alternaria nobilis (Vize) E.G. Simmons 68 25. Alternaria panax Whetzel 70 26. Alternaria peucedani S.H. Yu 73 27. Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri 75 28. Alternaria protenta E.G. Simmons 77 29. Alternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy 79 30. Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansford 81 31. Alternaria scirpicola (Fuckel) Sivanesan 83 32. Alternaria sesami (E. Kawam.) Mohanthy & Behera 85 33. Alternaria simsimi E.G. Simmons 87 2 Fungal Flora of Korea·Alternaria and Allied Genera 34. Alternaria solani Sorauer 89 35. Alternaria tagetica S.K. Shome & Mustafee 92 36. Alternaria tenuissima (Nees) Wiltshire 94 37. Alternaria tomatophila E.G. Simmons 96 38. Alternaria vanuatuensis E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill 98 39. Alternaria zinniae H. Pape ex M.B. Ellis 100 40. Alternariaster helianthi (Hansf.) E.G. Simmons 103 41. Prathoda longissima (Deighton & MacGarvie) E.G. Simmons 105 42. Stemphylium astragali (Yoshii) W. Yamamoto 108 43. Stemphylium botryosum Wallroth 110 44. Stemphylium globuliferum (Vestergr.) E.G. Simmons 112 45. Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamamoto 114 46. Stemphylium platycodontis J.X. Deng & S.H. Yu 115 47. Stemphylium sarciniforme (Cavara) Wiltshire 117 48. Stemphylium solani G.F. Weber 119 49. Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E.G. Simmons 121 50. Trichoconiella padwickii (Ganguly) B.L. Jain 124 Literature Cited 126 Plates 134 Index of Host Plants/Substrates 144 Index of Fungal Names 146 3 List of Taxa Phylum Ascomycota Class Dothideomycetes Order Pleosporales Family Pleosporaceae Genus Alternaria Nees, 1816 Alternaria acalyphae (Nelen) E.G. Simmons, 1994 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, 1912 Alternaria araliae H.C. Greene, 1953 Alternaria atra (Preuss) Woundenberg & Crous, 2013 Alternaria brassicae (Berkeley) Saccardo, 1880 Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire, 1947 Alternaria calendulae Ondrej,˘ 1974 Alternaria cassiae Jurair & A. Khan, 1960 Alternaria cinerariae Hori & Enjoji, 1931 Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce, 1902 Alternaria cosmosa Y.L. Li & W.S. Wu, 2005 Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. Elliot, 1917 Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko, 1944 Alternaria dianthicola Neergaard, 1945 Alternaria embellisia Woundenberg & Crous, 2013 Alternaria gaisen Nagano ex Hara, 1920 Alternaria gossypina (Thüm.) J.C.F. Hopkins, 1931 Alternaria helianthinficiens E.G. Simmons, Walcz & R.G. Roberts, 1986 Alternaria iridicola (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. Elliot, 1917 Alternaria japonica Yoshii, 1941 Alternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E.W. Mason, 1928 Alternaria macrospora Zimmermann, 1904 Alternaria mali Roberts, 1914 Alternaria nobilis (Vize) E.G. Simmons, 2002 Alternaria panax Whetzel, 1912 Alternaria peucedani S.H. Yu, 2014 Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri, 1930 Alternaria protenta E.G. Simmons, 1986 Alternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy, 1922 Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansford, 1943 Alternaria scirpicola (Fuckel) Sivanesan, 1984 Alternaria sesami (E. Kawam.) Mohanthy & Behera, 1958 Alternaria simsimi E.G. Simmons, 2004 Alternaria solani Sorauer, 1896 Alternaria tagetica S.K. Shome & Mustafee, 1966 Alternaria tenuissima (Nees) Wiltshire, 1933 Alternaria tomatophila E.G. Simmons, 2000 4 Fungal Flora of Korea·Alternaria and Allied Genera Alternaria vanuatuensis E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill, 2007 Alternaria zinniae H. Pape ex M.B. Ellis, 1972 Genus Alternariaster E.G. Simmons, 2007 Alternariaster helianthi (Hansf.) E.G. Simmons, 2007 Genus Prathoda Subramanian, 2007 Prathoda longissima (Deighton & MacGarvie) E.G. Simmons, 2007 Genus Stemphylium Wallroth, 1833 Stemphylium astragali (Yoshii) W. Yamamoto, 1960 Stemphylium botryosum Wallroth, 1833 Stemphylium globuliferum (Vestergr.) E.G. Simmons, 1969 Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamamoto, 1960 Stemphylium platycodontis J.X. Deng & S.H. Yu, 2014 Stemphylium sarciniforme (Cavara) Wiltshire, 1938 Stemphylium solani G.F. Weber, 1930 Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E.G. Simmons, 1969 Genus Trichoconiella B.L. Jain, 1976 Trichoconiella padwickii (Ganguly) B.L. Jain, 1976 5 Introduction Alternaria is a dictyosporous genus of the family Pleosporaceae, order Pleosporales,
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