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Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity Martha P

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Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity Martha P Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 4-2016 Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity Martha P. Romero Luna Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Romero Luna, Martha P., "Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 699. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/699 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Martha Patricia Romero Luna Entitled STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS: IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND POPULATION DIVERSITY For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Kiersten A. Wise Chair Charles Woloshuk Mary. C. Aime James J. Camberato To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Kiersten A. Wise Approved by: Peter B. Goldsbrough 4/11/2016 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS: IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND POPULATION DIVERSITY A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Martha P. Romero Luna In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii Dedico esta tesis a mi familia. A mamá, mi calma y luz en la tempestad. Gracias por enseñarme a luchar por mis sueños y a no rendirme ante la adversidad. Sin tu amor, paciencia, apoyo incondicional y sobre todo fe en mí, yo no estaría terminando este capítulo en mi vida. A mis hermanos, Ana y Rafa. Por ser mis ejemplos y guías a seguir. Gracias por ser cómplices en cada aventura de mi vida. En sus consejos siempre encontré las palabras de aliento que necesitaba para continuar. A Zack, mi balance. Gracias por caminar esta etapa de mi vida junto a mí. Por compartir alegrías y tristezas, por hacerme saber q estabas a mi lado sin importar los miles de km que había de por medio. Y por seguir junto a mí en el siguiente capítulo que nos aguarda. "La felicidad no es cuestión de intensidad si no de balance, orden, ritmo y armonía. Thomas Merton, (1915-1968). iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to give special thanks to my advisor, Dr. Kiersten Wise. More than advisor, across these years she became a mentor and an example to look after. Thank you for your trust, support, and guidance across these years. I also would like to acknowledge and give thanks to my committee members, to Dr. Aime, Dr. Camberato and Dr. Woloshuk for providing perspective, advice and support through my degree. Special thanks to Dr. Latin for his valuable comments and suggestions on my manuscripts. It was a pleasure to work with you during my prelims. I would also like to thank all the members of the Wise lab. I feel so lucky that I had the opportunity to work with such extraordinary people who helped me with my research across the years. Special thanks to Nolan Anderson for his suggestions in all aspects of my research and to Jeffrey Ravellette for his field technical support over the years. Special thanks to Esther. Girl you are amazing! My time here would not have been the same without you. Thank you for keeping me sane, for those long talks, for many coffees and many shared laughs. Also, special thanks to Rachel, my roommate, friend and huge support over the years. I would also like to thank Anna and Nicolette, it was a pleasure to meet you both, I’m so glad that I was able to share with you two the bitter sweet of graduate school. iv To my aunts Hilda, Quily, Gaby and Bety, and my uncle Luis. I know that every Saturday morning my mom shared with you my adventures and her worries. Thank you for always been there with the most lovely and supportive words. I would also want to thank to all the members of the Botany and Plant Pathology department, including staff, technician, secretaries, professors and graduate students, for all their help through the years. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xvii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 1.1 The Origin of Corn and Corn Production ............................................................. 1 1.1.1 United States Corn Production ......................................................................2 1.2 Diseases of Corn ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Stenocarpella spp. ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Taxonomy of S. maydis and S. macrospora ..................................................4 1.3.2 Stenocarpella spp. as corn pathogens ............................................................5 1.3.3 Mycotoxin production ...................................................................................6 1.4 History of Diplodia ear rot in the United States ................................................... 7 1.5 Management of Diplodia ear rot ........................................................................... 8 1.5.1 Genetic resistance for Diplodia ear rot ..........................................................8 1.5.2 Chemical control for Diplodia ear rot ............................................................9 1.5.3 Cultural practices for Diplodia ear rot .........................................................10 1.6 Variability within S. maydis ............................................................................... 11 1.7 Study Objectives ................................................................................................. 12 1.8 List of References ............................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2. DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS AND STENOCARPELLA MACROSPORA IN CORN ... ............................................................................................................. 29 2.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 29 vi Page 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 30 2.3 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................... 33 2.3.1 Fungal isolates and growth conditions ........................................................33 2.3.2 DNA extraction ............................................................................................34 2.3.3 ITS PCR and sequencing ..............................................................................35 2.3.4 Conventional PCR for the diagnosis of Stenocarpella spp. ...........................36 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................ 38 2.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 40 2.6 Literature cited .................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 3. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON DIPLODIA EAR ROT SEVERITY ................................................................................. 64 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 64 3.2 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................... 66 3.2.1 Data analysis ................................................................................................68 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................ 69 3.3.1 Weather conditions ......................................................................................69 3.3.2 Experimental results ....................................................................................69 3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 70 3.5 Literature cited .................................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER 4. SURVIVAL OF STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS ON CORN RESIDUE IN INDIANA ............................................................................................................. 87 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................
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