DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Notes Introduction 1. J. S. Birks and C. A. Sinclair, “Preparations for Income after Oil: Bahrain’s Example,” British Society For Middle East Studies 6, no. 1 (1979): 39. 2. Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Making of the Modern Gulf States (London: Ithaca Press, 1998), 14–15. 3. David Roberts, “The Consequences of the Exclusive Treaties: A British View,” in The Arab Gulf and the West, ed.B.R.Pridham (New York: St. Martin, 1985), 6–7. 4. James Onley, The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 128. 5. Roberts, “Consequences of the Exclusive Treaties,” 16. 6. Simon C. Smith, Britain’s Revival and Fall in the Gulf (Oxford: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004), 3. 7. Ibid., 13. 8. Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Making of the Modern Gulf States (London: Ithaca Press, 1998), 63–64. 9. Mary Bruins Allison, Doctor Mary in Arabia (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994). 10. J. S. Birks and C. A. Sinclair, “Preparations for Income after Oil,” 41. 11. Mahdi Abdalla Al-Tajir, Bahrain 1920–1945: Britain, the Shaikh, and the Administration (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 137. 12. Mossaed to Chamberlain, letter, London, November 26, 1927, CO 732/25/1 325039, The National Archives, Kew. (Hereafter, called TNA.) 13. Foreign Office to Minister Mossaed, draft letter, London, Jan- uary 1928, CO 732/25/1 325039, TNA. 14. J. B. Kelly, Arabia, the Gulf, and the West (New York: Basic Books, 1980), 181. 15. Foreign Office to Minister Mossaed, draft letter, London, Jan- uary 1928, CO 732/25/1 325039, TNA. 130 Notes Chapter 1 1. Report on the Trade of the Bahrein Island for the year end- ing March 31, 1926, CO 732/25/1 325039, The National Archives, Kew, England (hereafter called TNA). 2. Air Ministry to Under Secretary of State, letter, London, Decem- ber 28, 1927, CO 132/25/1 325039, TNA. 3. Viceroy to Secretary of State for India, telegram 1657, May 12, 1929, CO 732/3911, TNA. 4. Angela Clarke, Bahrain: Oil and Development, 1929–1989 (London: Immel, 1991), 130. 5. Joseph Twinam, The Gulf, Cooperation, and the Council (Washington, DC: Middle East Policy Council, 1992), 76–78. 6. Note on Negotiations, Agreement signed on June 12, 1930, CO 732/62118 325039, TNA. 7. John Bulloch, The Gulf (London: Century, 1984), 74. 8. Viceroy to Secretary of State for India, paraphrase telegram 1657, May 12, 1929, CO 732/39/1, TNA. 9. Michael A. Palmer, Guardians of the Gulf (New York: The Free Press, 1992), 18. 10. Mahdi Abdalla Al-Tajir, Bahrain 1920–1945: Britain, the Shaikh, and the Administration (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 170. 11. R. B. Serjeant, “Customary Irrigation Law Among the Baharnah of Al-Bahrayn,” in Bahrain through the Ages: The History, ed. Shaikh Abdullah bin Khalifa and Michael Rice (London: Kegan, 1993), 471–472. 12. Ibid., 78–79. 13. Note on Major Holmes’s period of residence in Bahrain, Colonial Office, 1933, CO 732/62/18 325039, TNA. 14. Rendel to Blaxter, letter, London, June 7, 1933, CO 732162118 325039, TNA. 15. J. B. Kelly, Arabia, the Gulf, and the West (New York: Basic Books, 1980), 180. 16. Clarke, Bahrain. 17. John Bulloch, The Persian Gulf Unveiled (New York: Congdon & Weed, 1984), 140. 18. J. S. Birks and C. A. Sinclair, “Preparations for Income after Oil: Bahrain’s Example,” British Society for Middle East Studies 6, no. 1 (1979): 42–43. 19. Air Ministry to Colonial Office, letter, London, November 28, 1927, CO /32/25/1 325039, TNA. Notes 131 20. Loch to Political Resident, letter, Bahrain, January 21, 1934, ADM 116/3034, TNA. 21. Loch to Political Resident, letter, Bahrain, February 17, 1934, ADM 116/3034, TNA. 22. Political Resident to Secretary of State for India, telegram 1183, Bushire, February 22, 1934, ADM 116/3034, TNA. 23. Laithwaite to Political Resident, letter, London, May 22, 1934, ADM 116/3034, TNA. 24. Shaikh Hamad to Fowle, letter, Bahrain, June 17, 1934, ADM 116/3034, TNA. 25. Bulloch, The Persian Gulf Unveiled, 83–84. 26. Andrew Wheatcroft, The Life and Times of Shaikh Salman Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa: Ruler of Bahrain 1942–1961 (London: Kegan Paul, 1995), 158. 27. Baxter to Donaldson, London, December 14, 1945, FO 371/45180, TNA. 28. Extract from Residency Dispatch, D.O. No. 343-S, Bahrain, May 25, 1941, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 29. Bailey to Secretary of State, letter, Dhahran, December 18, 1946, Division of Near East Affairs, National Archives, College Park Maryland (hereafter called NA). 30. Bailey to Secretary of State, letter, Dhahran, February 11, 1947, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 31. Meloy to Secretary of State, letter, Dhahran, May 29, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 32. Hay to Foreign Office, letter, Bahrain, December 27, 1947, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 33. Bahrain Intelligence Summary, December 1–15, 1947, ADM 1/21084, TNA. 34. Charles Belgrave, Personal Column (London: Hutchinson, 1960), 148. 35. Ibid., 150. 36. Meloy to State Department, Dispatch 48, Dhahran, May 29, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 37. Norman Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1991) 469. 38. Ibid., 469. 39. Henderson to Secretary of State, telegram 177, Dhahran, December 15, 1947, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 40. Childs to Secretary of State, telegram 578, Jidda, December 20, 1947, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 132 Notes 41. Lovett to London, telegram 5371, Washington, DC, Decem- ber 29, 1947, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 42. Gallman to State Department, telegram 12, London, January 2, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 43. Marshall to London, telegram 35, Washington, DC, January 6, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 44. Marcus to State Department, telegram, New York, January 10, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs NA. 45. Henderson to State Department, telegram 76, Dhahran, April 3, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 46. Meloy to State Department, telegram 40, Dhahran, May 15, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs-DEF, NA. 47. Meloy to Secretary of State, letter, Dhahran, May 29, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 48. Wiley to State Department, airgram 135, Tehran, June 18, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 49. Wiley to State Department, telegram 1004, Tehran, August 27, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 50. British Embassy to State Department, telegram, Washington, DC, August 27, 1948, Division of Near East Affairs, NA. 51. Palmer, Guardians of the Gulf, 48. 52. Wright to Hay, letter, London, November 8, 1948, FO 371/68360, TNA. 53. Burrows to Wright, letter, Bahrain, October 16, 1948, E14291, TNA. 54. Hay to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, December 9, 1948, FO 371/68319, TNA. 55. Melroy to State Department, letter, Dhahran, March 16, 1949, 846b.6363, LABOR, NA. 56. Residency to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, June 6, 1949, FO 371/74937, p. 1, TNA. 57. Ibid., 3. 58. Bahrain Intelligence Summary for October 1–15, 1949, p. 1, FO 371/744938, TNA. 59. Ibid., 2. 60. Bahrain Intelligence Summary for April 16–30, 1949, FO 371/74937, p. 1, TNA. 61. Ibid., 4. 62. Residency to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, June 6, 1949, FO 371/74937, p. 2, TNA. 63. Residency to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, December 2, 1949, FO371/74938, p. 5, TNA. Notes 133 64. Troutbeck to Burrows, letter, Cairo, April 8, 1948, FO 371/683129, TNA. 65. Pelly to Political Resident, Bahrain, September 13, 1948, FO 371/68360, TNA. 66. Burrows to Dodds, letter, November 8, 1948, FO 371/68360, TNA. 67. Hay to Foreign Office, telegram 254, November 19, 1948, Bahrain, FO 371/68360, TNA. 68. Burrows to Dodds, letter, November 8, 1948, FO 371/68360, TNA. 69. Residency to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, December 2, 1949, p. 2, FO371/74938, TNA. 70. Persian Gulf Residency to Burrows, letter, Bahrain, July 5, 1949, FCO 371/74937 324219, TNA. Chapter 2 1. Miriam Joyce, “The Bahraini Three on St. Helena, 1956–1961,” Middle East Journal 4 (Fall 2000): 613–614. 2. Bernard Burrows, Footnotes in the Sand (Great Britain: Michael Russell, 1990), 66. 3. Belgrave to Freddie, letter, Bahrain, March 8, 1956, FO 371/120545, The National Archives, Kew, England (hereafter called TNA). 4. D. M. H. Riches, memorandum, April 16, 1956, FO 371/120545, TNA. 5. Shuckburgh to Burrows, letter, London, May 18, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 6. Riches, memorandum, London, June 9, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 7. Gault to Riches, letter, Bahrain, June 30, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 8. Gault to Riches, letter, Bahrain, July 9, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 9. Gault to Foreign Office, telegram 689, Bahrain, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 10. Gault to Foreign Office, telegram 651, Bahrain, July 24, 1956, FO 371/120548, TNA. 11. Burrows to Riches, letter, Bahrain, August 20, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 12. Moberly, memorandum, London, August 28, 1956, FO 371/120573 325244, TNA. 134 Notes 13. Stevens to Foreign Office, telegram 296, Tehran, April 8, 1956, FO 371/120595 C324357, TNA. The Baghdad Pact was an anti-Soviet security agreement signed in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and Britain. 14. Brief for Tehran and Ankara, London February 24, 1956, FO 371/120595 C324357, TNA. 15. Foreign Office to Tehran, telegram 402, London, April 10, 1956, FO 371/120595 C324357, TNA. 16. Stevens to Riches, letter, Tehran, April 10, 1956, FO 372/120595 C324357, TNA. 17. Stevens to Riches, letter, Tehran, May 1, 1956, FO 371/120595 C324357, TNA. 18. Stevens to Riches, letter, Tehran, August 13, 1956, FO 371/120595 C324357, TNA. 19. Husain M. Albaharna, The Arabian Gulf States (Manchester: University of Manchester, 1975), 189–190.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY of the STATE of QATAR ______TABLE of CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1
    CASE CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION AND TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN (QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY OF THE STATE OF QATAR _____________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1. Qatar's Case and Structure of Qatar's Reply Section 2. Deficiencies in Bahrain's Written Pleadings Section 3. Bahrain's Continuing Violations of the Status Quo PART II - THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER II - THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF QATAR Section 1. The Overall Geographical Context Section 2. The Emergence of the Al-Thani as a Political Force in Qatar Section 3. Relations between the Al-Thani and Nasir bin Mubarak Section 4. The 1913 and 1914 Conventions Section 5. The 1916 Treaty Section 6. Al-Thani Authority throughout the Peninsula of Qatar was consolidated long before the 1930s Section 7. The Map Evidence CHAPTER III - THE EXTENT OF THE TERRITORY OF BAHRAIN Section 1. Bahrain from 1783 to 1868 Section 2. Bahrain after 1868 PART III - THE HAWAR ISLANDS AND OTHER TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS CHAPTER IV - THE HAWAR ISLANDS Section 1. Introduction: The Territorial Integrity of Qatar and Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 2. Proximity and Qatar's Title to the Hawar Islands Section 3. The Extensive Map Evidence supporting Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 4. The Lack of Evidence for Bahrain's Claim to have exercised Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands from the 18th Century to the Present Day Section 5. The Bahrain and Qatar Oil Concession Negotiations between 1925 and 1939 and the Events Leading to the Reversal of British Recognition of Hawar as part of Qatar Section 6.
    [Show full text]
  • |The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48908-9 — The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict Chelsi Mueller Frontmatter More Information |The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict The interwar period marked a transition from a Gulf society characterized by symbiosis and interdependency to a subregion characterized by national divisions, sectarian suspicions, rivalries, and political tension. In this study, Chelsi Mueller tells the story of a formative period in the Gulf, examining the triangular relationship between Iran, Britain, and the Gulf Arab shaykhdoms. By doing so, Mueller reveals how the revival of Iranian national ambitions in the Gulf had a significant effect on the dense web of Arab-Iranian relations during the interwar period. Shedding new light on our current understanding of the present-day Arab-Iranian conflict, this study, which pays particular attention to Bahrain and the Trucial States (United Arab Emirates), fills a significant gap in the literature on the history of Arab-Iranian relations in the Gulf and Iran’s Persian Gulf policy during the Reza Shah period. chelsi mueller is a research fellow at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48908-9 — The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict Chelsi Mueller Frontmatter More Information The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict Nationalism and Sovereignty in the Gulf between the World Wars chelsi mueller Tel Aviv University © in this web
    [Show full text]
  • Enduring Authority: Kinship, State Formation, and Resource Distribution in the Arab Gulf
    Enduring Authority: Kinship, State Formation, and Resource Distribution in the Arab Gulf by Scott Weiner B.A. in International Relations, May 2008, Tufts University M.A. in Political Science, May 2013, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 15, 2016 Dissertation directed by Nathan J. Brown Professor of Political Science and International Affairs The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University cer- tifies that Scott J. Weiner has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of philosophy as of March 25, 2016. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Enduring Authority: Kinship, State Formation, and Resource Distribution in the Arab Gulf Scott Weiner Dissertation Research Committee: Nathan J. Brown, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Dissertation Director. Marc Lynch, Professor, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Committee Member. Henry E. Hale, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, Committee Member. !ii © Copyright 2016 by Scott Weiner All rights reserved !iii Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge those without whom this dissertation would not have been written. Without the consistent support of Ronnie Olesker and Richard Eichenberg I would not have completed an undergraduate thesis or pursued a doctorate of Political Science. Jamal al-Kirnawi introduced me to the world of Bedouin tribal poli- tics. Kimberly Kagan provided invaluable advice on completing graduate studies that prepared me for the marathon of doctoral study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Omani Action Over the Slave Trade: 1873-1903
    The Anglo-Omani Action over the Slave Trade: 1873-1903 Yusuf Abdallah Al ghailani College of arts Hist. Dept. Sultan qaboos University The Treaty of 1873 with the Sultan of Muscat i. Sir Bartle Frere’s Mission to Muscat The most notable feature in the Anglo-Omani relationship during the year 1873 was the question of the slave trade with Muscat and Zanzibar, the subject of the mission of Sir Bartle Frere. Sir Bartle was appointed by Her Majesty's Government, as special emissary to Sultan Turki for the purpose of negotiating a more effective Treaty for the suppression of the trade in his dominions. He was accompanied in that mission by Colonel Lewis Pelly, and arrived in Muscat from Zanzibar on board H.M.S. Enchantress on l2th of April 1873; the two were received with warm welcome by the Sultan himself who immediately presented all necessity for the success of this undertaking. The British representatives wasted no time in entering into negotiations with the Sultan, who promptly concluded his views in agreement with the British envoy, by the signing this Treaty on 14th April 1873, only two days after their arrival.1 The Treaty no doubt showed the Sultan's desire to achieve more effective action than previous engagements entered into with the British had achieved, either his own or his predecessors', for continuing the obstruction to the traffic which would gradually lead to complete abolition of the trade in future. This agreement with the United Kingdom Government obliged both parties and their heirs or successors to respect its provisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Trump Again Certifies Iran's Compliance with JCPOA
    Iran Daily extends deep condolences on the martyrdom anniversary of Imam Ja’far Sadeq Nematzadeh inaugurates Iran’s (PBUH), the sixth Shia Imam. Our next issue largest lead, zinc mine 4 will be out on July 22, 2017. Number 5683 ● Wednesday July 19, 2017 ● Tir 28, 1396 ● Shawwal 24, 1438 ● Price 5,000 Rials ● 12 Pages ● www.irandailyonline.ir Trump again certifies Iran’s Zarif: US must change its overall compliance with JCPOA sanctions policy EU: JCPOA Joint Commission 2 to meet in Vienna on July 21 Washington has to reassess its approach of issu- ing sanctions against other countries as they are a liability for the US, said Iranian Foreign Minister Macron puts France top of 3 Mohammad Javad Zarif. During a press conference held in New York ‘soft power’ rankings: Survey with President of the Council on Foreign Rela- tions Richard Haass on Monday, Zarif noted that the US will become the prisoner of its own sanc- AP tions if it does not alter is current policies, Press TV reported. Zarif: Iran may withdraw from deal in case of US violations Zarif stressed that imposing sanctions on other countries usually does not yield a positive out- come. Last month, US Senate voted for a bill to im- S President Donald Trump’s admin- notify Congress every 90 days of Iran’s the ceiling. pose new sanctions on Iran over its ballistic missile istration on Monday declared that compliance with the Joint Comprehensive “We wanted that agreement to be the program, alleged support for terrorism, and human UIran was complying with its nuclear Plan of Action (JCPOA).
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery in the Gulf in the First Half of the 20Th Century
    Slavery in the Gulf in the First Half of the 20th Century A Study Based on Records from the British Archives 1 2 JERZY ZDANOWSKI Slavery in the Gulf in the First Half of the 20th Century A Study Based on Records from the British Archives WARSZAWA 2008 3 Grant 1 H016 048 30 of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education The documents reproduced by the permission of the British Library Copyright Jerzy Zdanowski 2008 This edition is prepared, set and published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe ASKON Sp. z o.o. ul. Stawki 3/1, 00193 Warszawa tel./fax: (+48 22) 635 99 37 www.askon.waw.pl [email protected] ISBN 9788374520300 4 Contents List of Photos, Maps and Tables.......................................................................... 7 Glossary ..................................................................................................... 9 Preface and acknowledgments ...................................................................11 Introduction: Slaves, pearls and the British in the Persian Gulf at the turn of the 20th century ................................................................................ 16 Chapter I: Manumission certificates ........................................................... 45 1. The number of statements ................................................................. 45 2. Procedures ...................................................................................... 55 3. Eligibility .......................................................................................... 70 4. Value of the
    [Show full text]
  • The Iranian Experience with the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Amir Afkhami
    Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, The George Washington University Health Sciences Research Commons Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Publications Summer 2003 Compromised constitutions: the Iranian experience with the 1918 influenza pandemic. Amir Afkhami Follow this and additional works at: http://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/smhs_psych_facpubs Part of the Mental and Social Health Commons, Psychiatry Commons, and the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons APA Citation Afkhami, A. (2003). Compromised constitutions: the Iranian experience with the 1918 influenza pandemic.. Bulletin of the history of medicine, 77 (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2003.0049 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Health Sciences Research Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Health Sciences Research Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. &RPSURPLVHG&RQVWLWXWLRQV7KH,UDQLDQ([SHULHQFH ZLWKWKH,QIOXHQ]D3DQGHPLF Amir Afkhami Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 77, Number 2, Summer 2003, pp. 367-392 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2003.0049 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/bhm/summary/v077/77.2afkhami.html Access provided by George Washington University (5 Sep 2014 11:48 GMT) Compromised Constitutions: The Iranian Experience with the 1918 Influenza Pandemic AMIR AFKHAMI summary: The global demographic impact of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic continues to fascinate researchers and scholars. This paper examines the social and demographic effects of this outbreak on Iranian society, through a compre- hensive investigation of the modes of transmission and propagation, mortality rates, and other distinctive features of the region, and reveals the importance of taking a country’s unique sociopolitical settings into account.
    [Show full text]
  • State and Tribes in Persia 1919-1925
    State and Tribes in Persia 1919-1925 A case study On Political Role of the Great Tribes in Southern Persia Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. Phil.) Freie Universität Berlin Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaften Fachbereich Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften vorgelegt von: Javad Karandish Berlin, Januar 2003 Published 2011 1 1. Erstgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Wolf-Dieter Narr 2. Zweitgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Friedemann Büttner Disputationsdatum: 18.11.2003 2 PART I: GENERAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 11 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 12 1. THE STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM .......................................................................................... 12 1.1. Persia After the War.............................................................................................................. 15 2. THE RELEVANT QUESTIONINGS ............................................................................................. 16 3. THEORETICAL BASIS............................................................................................................. 17 4. THE METHOD OF RESEARCH .................................................................................................. 20 5. THE SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Radicalisation in the Gulf
    Research Paper Radicalisation Research, June 2015 A Guide Exploring the Causes of Radicalisation in the Persian Gulf 1 Lancaster University Contents Introduction External Intervention in the Persian Gulf as a Cause of Radicalisation British Protectorates USA Presence Export of Arms The effect of Wahhabism in the Persian Gulf as a Cause of Radicalisation Demographics Wahhabism and Saudi Arabia The Politicisation of Wahhabism Funding of terrorism in the Persian Gulf as a Cause of Radicalisation Private Donors State Failure to Prevent Funding for Terrorists Reasons for Private Donations Geopolitics as a Cause of Radicalisation The Effects of Saudi Arabian-Iranian Relations Effects of Saudi & Qatari contending foreign policies on extremism Conclusion Authors Antoine Hawath, James Gillies, Rosamund Mutton, Robert Pilkington 2 Lancaster University Introduction: This report discusses causes of radicalisation in the Persian Gulf. The aim of this research is to provide more detailed information about contemporary events, through an analysis of peer-reviewed academic articles. We have identified four recurring themes that heavily contribute towards radicalisation in the Persian Gulf. These themes are external intervention in the Persian Gulf; the effect of Wahhabism; the funding of terrorism and the geo-politics of the region, specifically focussing on the Saudi-Iranian and Saudi-Qatari relationships. A key finding was that an interaction of the aforementioned four themes is the most commonly occurring and particular to the Gulf. External Intervention in the Persian Gulf as a Cause of Radicalisation: One contributing factor which has encouraged the development of radicalisation within the Gulf has been the historically persistent interference and presence of Western powers in the region, creating a context of enmity amongst those who oppose their presence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Qawasim and British Control of the Arabian Gulf Mubarak Al-Otabi
    The Qawasim and British Control of the Arabian Gulf Mubarak Al-Otabi Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Salford International Studies Unit 1989 Author's Note While every effort has been made to standardise proper and place names, it will be appreciated that these have undergone variation in transliteration since the middle of the eighteenth century; where archaisms occur, as in contemporary writings, reports and journals, these have been retained so as not to lose the period flavour they lend to the narrative TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page 1 The situation in the Gulf in the 1 first half of the eighteenth century 2 The emergence of the Qawasim as 23 a new political power in the Gulf 3 The Wahabi movement and its effect 38 on the political history of the area (1800-1818) 4 Franco-British rivalry in the Gulf 58 (1798-1810) 5 Qawasim activity in the Gulf 107 6 The 1819 expedition and the pacifico‘lin 127 of the Gulf 7 Conclusions 164 Appendices A. The government of India 168 B. Treaty concluded between the 173 Honourable East India Company and His Highness the Imaum of Muskat, 12 October 1798 . C. Further treaty between the 176 Honourable East India Company and His Highness the Imaum of Muskat, 18 January 1800 D. General treaty with the Arab 178 tribes of the Persian Gulf, 1820 Bibliography 182 SUMMARY THE QAWASIM AND BRITISH CONTROL OF THE ARABIAN GULF For 150 years after 1820, Oman and the littoral sheikhdoms of the Arabian Gulf were known respectively as Trucial Oman and the Trucial States.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinship Politics in the Gulf Arab States
    Kinship Politics in the Gulf Arab States Scott J. Weiner July 22, 2016 Kinship Politics in the Gulf Arab States Scott J. Weiner Issue Paper #7 2016 The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (AGSIW), established in 2014, is an independent, non-profit institution dedicated to increasing the understanding and appreciation of the social, economic, and political diversity of the Arab Gulf states. Through expert research, analysis, exchanges, and public discussion, the institute seeks to encourage thoughtful debate and inform decision makers shaping U.S. policy regarding this critical geo-strategic region. © 2016 Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. All rights reserved. AGSIW does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views of AGSIW, its staff, or its Board of Directors. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from AGSIW. Please direct inquiries to: Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington 1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 1060 Washington, DC 20036 This publication can be downloaded at no cost at www.agsiw.org. Photo Credit: AP Photo/Gustavo Ferrari Credit: Mandel Ngan - Pool/Getty Images Photo Credit: Mandel Ngan - Pool/Getty Images About the Author Scott Weiner holds a PhD in political science from the George Washington University. His research focuses on kinship politics and state building in the Gulf Arab states. From 2013-14, he was a visiting research fellow at the American University of Kuwait, and also conducted field work in Muscat, Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded Here
    Mapping Empires Colonial Cartographies of Land and Sea Programme and Abstracts Oxford 13th to 15th September 2018 “MAPPING EMPIRES" 13 – 15 SEPTEMBER 2018, OXFORD (UK) CONFERENCE PROGRAMME WEDNESDAY 12/09/2018 19:00 - 21:00 Ice breaker reception with canapés and drinks at the Divinity School (free) THURSDAY 13/09/2018 8:30 - 13:00 Registration 9:00 - 9:20 Opening address by Bodley's Librarian Richard Ovenden Opening address by the organizers: Imre Demhardt (Chair ICA Commission on the History of Cartography), Alex Kent (Chair ICA Commission on Topographic Mapping) and Nick Millea (Map Librarian Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford) 9:20 - 10:50 Session 1 - The Americas Mirela Altic - Military or Missionary Map? The First Topographic Map of Northern New Spain (1725–1729) Sophie Brockmann - The journeys of a Central American canal, 1790-1838 Elizabeth Chant - Mapping Magallanica: Spanish Cartography of ‘Patagonia’ in the Late 18th Century 10:50 - 11:10 Coffee break 11:10 - 12:40 Session 2 - The Far East - 1 Laura Pflug - A View from Inside: Chinese Mapping of the World against the Backdrop of Colonial Experiences Noémi Godefroy - From Ezo to Hokkaidō – “Connected cartographies” & the Japanese mapping of the Ainu lands (18th-19th centuries) Edward Boyle - Imperial grounding: maps, modernity and the 1876 Geological Sketch Map of the Island of Yesso 12:40 - 13:45 Lunch at The King’s Arms 13:45 - 15:15 Session 3 - Africa Imre Demhardt - Charting the Skeleton Coast: From Neglect to Exploitation and Colonial Rivalry Peter Collier - Mapping the Empire: the work of the Royal Engineer Colonial Survey Sections Wolfgang Crom - German names in the Kilimanjaro region 15:15 - 15:35 Coffee break 15:35 - 16:50 Poster session 1 (with 5 min PowerPoint presentations) Karen Cook - Degrees of Discord: Representations of the British Isles and North America in Eighteenth-Century Geography Books Jascha Döschner - Colonial Maps as Linguistic Data Sources Natalia Gandara - Expanding the Empire, building the nation.
    [Show full text]