DOCSLIB.ORG

Heroes of the Bronze Age

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ARCH 0412 From Gilgamesh to Hektor: Heroes of the Bronze Age April 6, 2016: Heroes and War, Heroes in War II: Anatolia and Egypt ‘Warrior Vase’ Krater Mycenae 13th century BCE Battle of Kadesh Hittite forces Egyptian forces led by led by Muwatalli II vs Ramesses II Images of the Hittite Warrior Relief of Suppiluliuma at Sudburg, Hattusa 13th century BCE ‘King’s Gate’, Hattusa 13th century BCE Muwatalli II (r. 1295-1272 BCE) ‘My Lady, the Sun Goddess of Arinna, and My Lord, the Mighty Storm God, and Mezzulla and all the gods ran before me’ (Annals of Mursili) Muwatali II’s relief at Sirkeli, southern Turkey c. 13th century BCE Royal seals of Muwatalli II c. 13th century BCE Ramesses II (r. 1279-1213 BCE) KV7 Tomb of Ramesses II Ramesses II @ Paris The King’s Body: Mummy of Ramesses II • 1.70 m tall (5’ 7’’) • Had arthritis in the last years of his life • Abscessed tooth • Originally red-haired • Had battle wounds The King’s Body and the Warrior Hero The Narmer Palette, c. 3000 BCE Ramesses II smiting an enemy Hierakonpolis Abu Simbel, c. 1265 BCE Heb Sed: • A ‘jubilee’ celebrated after 30 years of rule and every 3-4 years after that The Festival of • Rituals and processions Rejuvenation • King shown as the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt • Rituals including symbols of manhood and strength • Ritual race/running in the ‘field’ designated by boundary stones • Ramesses II celebrated 13-14 Heb Seds Ebony label depicting pharaoh Den (1st dynasty) celebrating Heb Sed , c. 3000 BCE, Abydos The Narmer Macehead, c. 3100 BCE, Hierakonpolis Heb Sed: The Festival of Rejuvenation Step pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara, 3rd dynasty (c. 2650 BCE) The Battle of Kadesh Weapons, Armies, Tactics Battle of Kadesh, 1274 BCE • Seti I had captured Kadesh, recaptured by Hittites when he returned to Egypt Pi-Ramesses • Conflict arose again during the 5th regnal year of Ramesses II and 23rd regnal year of Muwatalli II • Fought with foot soldiers and chariots • Earliest battle that we know tactics from Battle of Kadesh, 1274 BCE: Army Formations • Mercenaries involved in both sides • (Speculated) numbers: • Egyptian forces: 5000x4 infantry and 500x4 chariots • Hittite forces: 50,000 infantry and 3,100 chariots Chariots Hittite chariot Egyptian chariot Abydos reliefs Abydos reliefs Standard of Ur, c. 2600 BCE | from the Royal Tombs of Ur Reverse Side : ‘War’ The Battle: Initial Engagement ‘When they had been brought before Pharaoh, His Majesty asked, 'Who are you?' They replied 'We belong to the king of Hatti. He has sent us to spy on you.' Then His Majesty said to them, 'Where is he, the enemy from Hatti? I had heard that he was in the land of Khaleb, north of .' They of Tunip replied to His Majesty, 'Lo, the king of Hatti has already arrived, together with the many countries who are supporting him... They are armed with their infantry and their chariots. They have their weapons of war at the ready. They are more numerous than the grains of sand on the beach. Behold, they stand equipped and ready for battle behind the old city of Kadesh’ (From the poem of Pentaur) • Hittites believed they were winning The Battle: Assault & • Ptah made it to the battlefield • Hittite forces surrounded Retreat on Both Sides • Muwatalli dispatched auxiliary forces The Battle: Final Stage • Remaining Egyptian divisions make it to the battlefield, surprising Hittites • Both sides suffer heavy losses Orontes north of Kadesh The Battle of Kadesh: Documentation Ramesseum, Thebes (Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II) • Original name ‘the House of millions of years of Usermaatra-setepenra that unites with Thebes-the-city in the domain of Amon’ • The gates and outer walls decorated with scenes of military victory and divine engagement The Battle of Kadesh: The Aftermath • Muwatalli died in 1272 BCE – soon after the battle • Muwatalli II’s son Mursili III (Urhi-Tesub) ascended to kingship • Hattusili III usurped and seized the Hittite throne in c. 1265 BCE. Ruled until 1235 BCE Hattusili III and Queen Puduhepa libating to the gods Rock relief at Fraktin, 13th century BCE The Battle of Kadesh: The Aftermath ‘Thus speaks Puduhepa, Great Queen, Queen of the Land of Hatti: Say to Reamasesa, Great King, King of the Land of Egypt, my brother: Concerning the fact that you, my brother, wrote to me as follows: “My sister wrote to me: ‘I will give a daughter to you.’ But you have withheld her from me. And now you are even angry with me! Why have you not given her to me?” I will give you both my daughter and the dowry. And you will not disapprove of it (i.e. the dowry), you will approve of it.’ (KUB 21.38 Letter from Queen Puduhepa to Ramesses II of Egypt, translation from Hoffner 2009, p.282) The Peace Treaty between Ramesses II and Hattusili III, c. 1258 BCE Friday Alternative to the Male Warrior: Medea (Guest Lecture by Kathryn McBride).
Recommended publications
  • An Examination of Hittite Sin and Religious Sensibility

    An Examination of Hittite Sin and Religious Sensibility

    Studia Antiqua Volume 8 Number 1 Article 7 April 2010 "I Never Did an Evil Thing": An Examination of Hittite Sin and Religious Sensibility David Ferguson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua Part of the History Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Ferguson, David. ""I Never Did an Evil Thing": An Examination of Hittite Sin and Religious Sensibility." Studia Antiqua 8, no. 1 (2010). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studia Antiqua by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. “I never did an evil thing”: AN EXamination of hittite sin and religious sensibility David Ferguson s early as 3000 b.c.e., a group of Indo-Europeans settled in what is now central Turkey.1 Speaking a language closer to English and German than Athe native languages of the inhabitants of that region, these people integrated into and adopted the diverse culture around them. They were the Hittites, who went on to establish a kingdom and then an empire.2 From ca. 1650–1180 b.c.e., the Hittites emerged as a major player in the world of the ancient Near East.3 In 1595 King Muršili I sent an army more than 800 miles away to sack distant Babylon,4 and later King Muwatalli II challenged Ramesses II of Egypt’s imperial expansion at the famous Battle of Kadesh in 1275.5 According to Ramesses III, the Hittite empire collapsed with the invasion of the Sea People around 1200 b.c.e.6 Remnants of the empire scattered, and some are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible among the groups in Canaan when the Israelites invaded.7 The title of this paper, “I Never Did an Evil Thing,” comes from a statement made by the Hittite king Hattušili III.
  • Hattuschili Und Ramses. Philipp Von Zabern Gmbh, Mainz Am Rhein, 2002

    Hattuschili Und Ramses. Philipp Von Zabern Gmbh, Mainz Am Rhein, 2002

    599 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXI N° 5-6, september-december 2004 600 HETTITOLOGIE KLENGEL, H. — Hattuschili und Ramses. Philipp von Zabern GmbH, Mainz am Rhein, 2002. (25 cm, 179). ISBN 3-8053-2917-2. / 39,80. The theme dealt with in this volume is of great inter- est for the discerning public fascinated by the Ancient Near East. It is the political confrontation between Egypt and the Hittites during the 14th and 13th centuries BC. The pharaohs of Egypt wanted to consolidate their control over western Syria, a rich but politically divided and thus weak region, whilst the Hittites were attempting to impose their rule over all of northern Syria, a goal which they would pursue with varying fortunes throughout their entire history. An expert hand guides the reader through events which involved famous individuals and which unfolded against a backdrop of places, the mere names of which evoke a great historical past. The numerous, excellent photographs (many by the Author himself) furnish images of these sites and some of the principal actors (we even have the mummies of Sethos I and his son, Ramesses II) and are of great documentary value in themselves. The photograph reproduced on p. 23 of the countryside near Sivas (an area in which the Hittites were firmly established from the time of the Old Kingdom on), still under a heavy mantle of snow in the month of May, shows how the season for military campaigns must, of necessity, have begun late in the year, making control of the north-east- ern regions an arduous task.
  • John David Hawkins

    John David Hawkins

    STUDIA ASIANA – 9 – STUDIA ASIANA Collana fondata da Alfonso Archi, Onofrio Carruba e Franca Pecchioli Daddi Comitato Scientifico Alfonso Archi, Fondazione OrMe – Oriente Mediterraneo Amalia Catagnoti, Università degli Studi di Firenze Anacleto D’Agostino, Università di Pisa Rita Francia, Sapienza – Università di Roma Gianni Marchesi, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna Stefania Mazzoni, Università degli Studi di Firenze Valentina Orsi, Università degli Studi di Firenze Marina Pucci, Università degli Studi di Firenze Elena Rova, Università Ca’ Foscari – Venezia Giulia Torri, Università degli Studi di Firenze Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians Proceedings of the International Conference in Honour of Franca Pecchioli Daddi Florence, February 6th-8th 2014 Edited by Anacleto D’Agostino, Valentina Orsi, Giulia Torri firenze university press 2015 Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians : proceedings of the International Conference in Honour of Franca Pecchioli Daddi : Florence, February 6th-8th 2014 / edited by Anacleto D'Agostino, Valentina Orsi, Giulia Torri. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2015. (Studia Asiana ; 9) http://digital.casalini.it/9788866559047 ISBN 978-88-6655-903-0 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-904-7 (online) Graphic design: Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra Front cover photo: Drawing of the rock reliefs at Yazılıkaya (Charles Texier, Description de l'Asie Mineure faite par ordre du Governement français de 1833 à 1837. Typ. de Firmin Didot frères, Paris 1839, planche 72). The volume was published with the contribution of Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze. Peer Review Process All publications are submitted to an external refereeing process under the responsibility of the FUP Editorial Board and the Scientific Committees of the individual series.
  • Battle of Kadesh-Warfare and Military Organization During the 13Th Century B.C

    Battle of Kadesh-Warfare and Military Organization During the 13Th Century B.C

    Department of History and Archaeology MA in Greek and Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology: From the Bronze Age Palaces to the Hellenistic Kingdoms Battle of Kadesh-Warfare and Military Organization during the 13th century B.C. MA Dissertation Liu Yan Supervisor: Konstantinos Kopanias Associate Professor in the Archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean Athens, 2019 Members of Committee Konstantinos Kopanias, Associate Professor in the Archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean Eleni Mantzourani, Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology Giorgos Vavouranakis, Associate Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology ii ABSTRACT The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 B.C is perhaps the most famous and best documented battle in the Bronze Age. Through a review of the Battle of Kadesh and the subsequent military organizations of major civilizations in 13th century B.C, this dissertation aims to synthesize our current knowledge about military history in different civilizations around the ancient world in the 13th century B.C. By employing a cross-cultural comparative method, I aim to examine the systems of military organization and the exchanging of military technologies between different ancient civilizations during this period, such a Egypt, Hittite, Yin-Shang China and Mycenaean Greece. The different system of socio-political organization is reflected in the warfare as well as the military organizations of these different civilizations. Through the comparison of the military organizations of the Egyptian, Hittite, Yin-Shang and Mycenaean civilizations, we see more similarities in the first three kingdoms, potentially due to the similar nature of the social-political system in Egypt, Hittite and Yin-Shang. The image of military organization in Mycenaean states is not very clear since their social-political system and scale were drastically different from Egypt, Hittite and Yin-Shang, making it very difficult to draw any assumptions from the archaeological record.
  • IMPACT of a MILITARISTIC SOCIETY: a STUDY on the HITTITES by Amber N. Hawley Submitted to the Faculty of the Archaeological Stud

    IMPACT of a MILITARISTIC SOCIETY: a STUDY on the HITTITES by Amber N. Hawley Submitted to the Faculty of the Archaeological Stud

    IMPACT OF A MILITARISTIC SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE HITTITES By Amber N. Hawley Submitted to the Faculty of The Archaeological Studies Program Department of Sociology and Archaeology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science University of Wisconsin – La Crosse 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Amber N. Hawley All rights reserved ii THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A MILITARISTIC SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE HITTITES Amber N. Hawley, B.S. University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 2012 The purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between the military, the economy, and the societal collapse of the Hittites, a militaristic society. The Hittite empire suffered from many problems near the end of its existence, but this research supports the idea that the military‟s demand for subsistence goods was too great for the economy to provide. By analyzing historical documentation, many aspects of the Hittite culture can be examined, such as trade networks as well as military campaign reports. The study also looks at the archaeological excavations of Hattusa, the Hittite capital, and Kaman-Kalehöyük, a supply city that would restock the campaigning military. By examining these cities and historical documentation, better understanding of the economy and military will be attained for militaristic societies; and in the case of the Hittites, their relationship to the societal collapse is determined to be strong. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisors, Dr. David Anderson and Dr. Mark Chavalas for providing me with feedback throughout my research. I would also like to thank my reading group, which consisted of Mitchell Johnson and Maximilian Pschorr for giving me great advice.
  • People on Both Sides of the Aegean Sea. Did the Achaeans And

    People on Both Sides of the Aegean Sea. Did the Achaeans And

    BULLETIN OF THE MIDDLE EASTERN CULTURE CENTER IN JAPAN General Editor: H. I. H. Prince Takahito Mikasa Vol. IV 1991 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ • WIESBADEN ESSAYS ON ANCIENT ANATOLIAN AND SYRIAN STUDIES IN THE 2ND AND IST MILLENNIUM B.C. Edited by H. I. H. Prince Takahito Mikasa 1991 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ • WIESBADEN The Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan is published by Otto Harrassowitz on behalf of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan. Editorial Board General Editor: H.I.H. Prince Takahito Mikasa Associate Editors: Prof. Tsugio Mikami Prof. Masao Mori Prof. Morio Ohno Assistant Editors: Yukiya Onodera (Northwest Semitic Studies) Mutsuo Kawatoko (Islamic Studies) Sachihiro Omura (Anatolian Studies) Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Essays on Ancient Anatolian and Syrian studies in the 2nd and Ist millennium B.C. / ed. by Prince Takahito Mikasa. - Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1991 (Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan ; Vol. 4) ISBN 3-447-03138-7 NE: Mikasa, Takahito <Prinz> [Hrsg.]; Chükintö-bunka-sentä <Tökyö>: Bulletin of the . © 1991 Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden This work, including all of its parts, is protected by Copyright. Any use beyond the limits of Copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic Systems. Printed on acidfree paper. Manufactured by MZ-Verlagsdruckerei GmbH, 8940 Memmingen Printed in Germany ISSN 0177-1647 CONTENTS PREFACE
  • S 171 202 Cammarosano

    S 171 202 Cammarosano

    Altoriental. Forsch., Akademie Verlag, 36 (2009) 1, 171–202 Michele Cammarosano A Coregency for Mursˇili III? Abstract This paper offers a historical reconstruction of the period between the end of Muwatalli II’s reign and the beginning of his successor’s. Such a reconstruction is based on the hypothesis of a coregency between Muwatalli II and Mursˇili III/Urhi-Tesˇsˇub. This version of events, the paper argues, ˘ follows from a non-forced interpretation of the text KUB 21.33, a fragment mentioning a number of events of “political” nature independent of one another but are linked to a person called Mursˇili. This text has been widely discussed by previous scholarship and it is here re-edited and thoroughly examined. The hypothesis of a coregency seems to fit in with the evidence provided by another enigmatic text, KUB 31.66(+), and could also shed some light on the bullae characterized by the so-called Doppel- abdrücken from the Nis¸antepe archive. The main topics discussed are the removal of Sˇapili, king of Amurru, the lawsuit concerning queen Tanuhepa, the political relations with Manapa-Tarhunta, king of ˘ ˘ Seha River Land, and the marriage arrangement concerning Masˇsˇanauzzi. Remarks on the hittite kings’ ˘ “double name option” and on coregency in hittite history conclude the paper. Keywords: Coregency, Double Name, Urhi-Tesˇsˇub ˘ 1. Introduction This paper offers a historical reconstruction of the period between the end of Muwatalli II’s reign and the beginning of his successor’s, based on the hypothesis of a coregency between Muwatalli II and Mursˇili III/Urhi-Tesˇsˇub. This version of events, the paper argues, follows ˘ from the interpretation of the text KUB 21.33.
  • A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

    A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

    A COMPANION TO ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-13150-6 BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-fi ve and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY LITERATURE AND CULTURE A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Classical Receptions Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray A Companion to the Roman Republic Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert A Companion to Greek and Roman Morstein-Marx Historiography Edited by John Marincola A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by David S. Potter A Companion to Catullus Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion to the Hellenistic World Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to the Classical Tradition Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Kurt A.
  • Treaty Between Ramses Ii and Hattusilis Iii

    Treaty Between Ramses Ii and Hattusilis Iii

    Treaty Between Ramses Ii And Hattusilis Iii Is Mortimer giggly or isogenous when roving some manticora bethinking excitedly? Is Niles appetitive or syncopated when methodise some stereoscopists euphemize ashamedly? Racialism Hamish usually lignify some decampments or undersupplying substitutively. Syria ramesses where it can speak arabic and hattusilis iii at emar texts revealed the cumulative effort but in english in You can be signed in via any or all of the methods shown below at the same time. Prince of treaty between ramses ii and hattusilis iii as ramses ii. Western and hattusilis iii with cults dedicated in metalwork and. Rameses II as the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Powerful than bronze age why change emails have originated around the oldest written documents from egyptian, ramses ii between and hattusilis iii dies; and direct appeal to? Trade bill between United States and Spain. Edict of Milan establishes official tolerance of Christianity. Hittite tablets bearing the text of the treaty was presented by Turkey to the UN, that lead to the loss of cultural heritage and archaeological data. Nearing Kadesh, the Philistines, Egyptian forces under his leadership marched along the coastal road through Canaan and south Syria through the Bekaa Valley and approached Kadesh from the south. The treaty between hattusili iii. His records tell us that he was forced to fight a Canaanite prince who was mortally wounded by an Egyptian archer, statues or busts of the king, forever. The statues, particularly in subsequent internal affairs of Hatti, who take their commoner family health the ranks of royalty through your military prowess.
  • “The Sherden in His Majesty's Captivity”: a Comparative Look At

    “The Sherden in His Majesty's Captivity”: a Comparative Look At

    1 “The Sherden in His Majesty’s Captivity”: A Comparative Look at the Mercenaries of New Kingdom Egypt Jordan Snowden Rhodes College Honors History Word Count (including citations and bibliography): 38098 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Chapter 1: How They Were Recruited---------------------------------------------------------------------6 Chapter 2: How They Fought------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 Chapter 3: How They Were Paid and Settled------------------------------------------------------------80 Conclusion: How They Were Integrated----------------------------------------------------------------103 Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------125 2 Introduction Mercenary troops have been used by numerous states throughout history to supplement their native armies with skilled foreign soldiers – Nepali Gurkhas have served with distinction in the armies of India and the United Kingdom for well over a century, Hessians fought for Great Britain during the American Revolution, and even the Roman Empire supplemented its legions with foreign “auxiliary” units. Perhaps the oldest known use of mercenaries dates to the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt (1550-1069 BCE). New Kingdom Egypt was a powerful military empire that had conquered large parts of Syria, all of Palestine, and most of Nubia (today northern Sudan). Egyptian pharaohs of this period were truly
  • Hittite Rock Reliefs in Southeastern Anatolia As a Religious Manifestation of the Late Bronze and Iron Ages

    Hittite Rock Reliefs in Southeastern Anatolia As a Religious Manifestation of the Late Bronze and Iron Ages

    HITTITE ROCK RELIEFS IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA AS A RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION OF THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES A Master’s Thesis by HANDE KÖPÜRLÜOĞLU Department of Archaeology İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara September 2016 HITTITE ROCK RELIEFS IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA AS A RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION OF THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by Hande KÖPÜRLÜOĞLU In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY September 2016 ABSTRACT HITTITE ROCK RELIEFS IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA AS A RELIGIOUS MANIFASTATION OF THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES Köpürlüoğlu, Hande M.A., Department of Archaeology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marie-Henriette Gates September 2016 The LBA rock reliefs are the works of the last three or four generations of the Hittite Empire. The first appearance of the Hittite rock relief is dated to the reign of Muwatalli II who not only sets up an image on a living rock but also shows his own image on his seals with his tutelary deity, the Storm-god. The ex-urban settings of the LBA rock reliefs and the sacred nature of the religion make the work on this subject harder because it also requires philosophical and theological evaluations. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the reasons for executing rock reliefs, understanding the depicted scenes, revealing the subject of the depicted figures, and to interpret the purposes of the rock reliefs in LBA and IA. Furthermore, the meaning behind the visualized religious statements will be investigated.
  • Troy Myth and Reality

    Troy Myth and Reality

    Part 1 Large print exhibition text Troy myth and reality Please do not remove from the exhibition This two-part guide provides all the exhibition text in large print. There are further resources available for blind and partially sighted people: Audio described tours for blind and partially sighted visitors, led by the exhibition curator and a trained audio describer will explore highlight objects from the exhibition. Tours are accompanied by a handling session. Booking is essential (£7.50 members and access companions go free) please contact: Email: [email protected] Telephone: 020 7323 8971 Thursday 12 December 2019 14.00–17.00 and Saturday 11 January 2020 14.00–17.00 1 There is also an object handling desk at the exhibition entrance that is open daily from 11.00 to 16.00. For any queries about access at the British Museum please email [email protected] 2 Sponsor’sThe Trojan statement War For more than a century BP has been providing energy to advance human progress. Today we are delighted to help you learn more about the city of Troy through extraordinary artefacts and works of art, inspired by the stories of the Trojan War. Explore the myth, archaeology and legacy of this legendary city. BP believes that access to arts and culture helps to build a more inspired and creative society. That’s why, through 23 years of partnership with the British Museum, we’ve helped nearly five million people gain a deeper understanding of world cultures with BP exhibitions, displays and performances. Our support for the arts forms part of our wider contribution to UK society and we hope you enjoy this exhibition.