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Hattušili III. Hattušili Bis Zu Seiner Thronbesteigung

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Hattušili III. Hattušili Bis Zu Seiner Thronbesteigung SEXTE DER HETHITER Herausgegeben von A. Kammenhuber Karte:] (Kartei zu S. 146) attusili II Teil I Hattusili bis zu seiner Thronbesteigung Band 1: Historischer Abriß von Ahmet Ünal Heidelberg 1974 Carl Winter • Universitätsverlag Unive; r.itöts- BibliOthek München ISBN 3 533 02395 8 (Kt) ISBN 3 533 02396 6 (Ln) Alle Rechte vorbehalten. © 1974. Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, gegr. 1822, GmbH., Heidelberg Photomechanische Wiedergabe nur mit ausdrücklicher Genehmigung durch den Verlag Imprim6 en Allemagne. Printed in Germany Reproduktion und Druck: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, Heidelberg, Abteilung Druckerei V Inhaltsverzeichnis 1.Band Seite Vorwort VII-VIII Einleitung 1-5 I. Quellen zur Geschichte Hattusilis III. 6-28 II. Hattusilis Selbstdarstellung in seiner sogen. "Autobiographie" 29-35 III. Hattusili unter Mursiii II 36-46 Seine Kindheit - Tawananna-Affäre - Seine Krankheit - Hattusili als "Stallhalftermann" IV. Hattusili unter Muwatalli 47-91 Laufbahn unter Muwatalli - Statthalfterschaft über das Obere Land - Muwatallis kriegeri• sche Unternehmungen im Westen - Ehen seiner Schwester fDINGIR^. IR-i - Kaskäerkämpfe gattusilis - Verlegung der Hauptstadt nach Dattassa - gattusilis Unterkönigtum von gakpis - Die Schlacht bei Kades - Hattusili heiratet Puduhepa - Weitere Ereignisse bis zum Tode Muwatallis V. Arma-datta und Hattusili 92-107 VI. gattusili unter Urh^-Tesub 108-175 Die Leistungen Urhi-Tesubs als Großkönig - Hattusilis Unterkönigtum von Hakpis unter Urhi-Tesub - Urhi-Tesub-Tanuhepa - Hattusilis Staatsstreich - Urhi-Tesub im Exil - Urhi- Tesub-Echo in der späteren Überlieferung VII. Quellen zu "Hattusili als Großkönig" . 176-182 Schlußbemerkungen 183-184 VIII. Geographischer Schauplatz 185-226 VI Inhaltsverze ichnis 2.Band Seite IX. Textbearbeitungen 1. Texte zu Kap.IV: KUB XIX 9 6 - ? KUB XXI 9 8-13 KUB XXI 11 14-17 2. Texte zu Kap.V: KUB XXI 17(A), KUB XXXI 27 (B) 18-31 3. Texte zu Kap.VI: KUB V 1 32-102 KUB XVI 32 104-111 KUB XVI 41 + 7/v 112 KUB XXI 14 113 KUB XXI 23 114 KUB XXI 25 115 KUB XXI 37 116-127 KUB XXI 40 128-129 KUB XXI 44 130 KUB XXIII 29, 45 131-132 KUB XXXI 23 133 X. Indices 1. Wortschatz (Hethitisch, Zahlen, Sumero- gramme, Akkadogramme) 134-205 2. Eigennamen a) Götternamen 206-207 b) Personennamen 207-208 c) Ortsnamen 208-211 3. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 212-228 4. Bearbeitete Texte (unterstrichen) und zitierte Textstellen 229-232 VII Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit über König gattusili III., eine der interessantesten Gestalten der hethitischen Geschichte, stellt die leicht überarbeitete Fassung meiner Dissertation dar, die im Sommersemester 1972 der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu München unter dem Titel "HattuSili III., der Werdegang eines Hethiterkönigs. Teil I: HattuSili III. bis zu seiner Thronbesteigung" zur Promotion vorgelegen hatte. Die Untersuchung entstand auf Anregung von Frau Professor Dr. A.KAMMENHUBER, der ich für ihren unermüdlichen Beistand und ihre Erlaubnis zur Benützung ihres Thesaurus zu besonders großem Dank verpflichtet bin. Außerdem möchte ich mich bei Professor Dr. H.BENGTSON für seine hilfreichen Vorschläge und die Betreuung meiner althistorischen Studien in Deutsch• land aufrichtig bedanken. Mein Dank gebührt ferner Herrn Professor Dr. H#G.GÜTERBOCK, der im Sommer 1972 während seines Gastsemesters in München einen Teil meiner Arbeit gelesen und durch seine kritischen Bemerkungen, die an den betreffenden Stellen notiert sind, ge• fördert hat. Herrn Professor Dr. H.OTTEN, der mir eigene Auto- graphien unveröffentlichter Texte zuschickte, bin ich dafür ebenfalls zu großem Dank verpflichtet. In Dankbarkeit erwähne ich meine Lehrer D.O.EDZARD, S.LAUFFER, H.DEMIRCIO&LU + , F.KINAL, AFETINAN, S.ALP, N. und T.ÖZGÜ?, die mich in München und Ankara in diese Studien eingeführt und mich in jeder Hinsicht gefördert haben. Herrn Professor Dr. H.KLENGEL, Dr. H.FREYDANK, Frau Dr. L.JAKOB-ROST (Berlin) sowie den Herren V.DONBAZ, M.EREN und Frau M.?IG (Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri) danke ich für die mir zur Kollation zur Verfügung gestellten Tontafeln und Fotos. Besondere Hilfe wurde mir in hieroglyphen- hethitischen und geographischen Fragen durch Herrn Dr. F.STEIN- HERR und in der Korrektur meines Manuskriptes durch meinen Kollegen W.SCHUH zuteil. VIII Nicht zuletzt gebührt mein Dank dem türkischen Staate, der mir gemäß dem Wunsch Kemal Atatürks, des Begründers der modernen Geschichts- und Sprachwissenschaft in der Türkei, mein Studium im In- und Ausland ermöglichte. München, April 1973 Ahmet Unal 1 Einleitung Das 1906-1912 wiederentdeckte Staatsarchiv in der ehe• maligen Hauptstadt der Hethiter HattuSa (heute Bogazkale), ca. 150 km östlich von Ankara, hat der Sprach- und Geschichts• wissenschaft Tontafeln beschert, die in der schon damals bekannten babylonischen Keilschrift, aber in einer bis dahin unbekannten Sprache geschrieben waren. Die Sprachwissen• schaft erwies in überraschend kurzer Zeit die auf diesen Tontafeln am meisten vertretene Sprache als die ältest be• zeugte indoeuropäische Sprache. Neben dem Hethitischen, das den Großteil dieser Tontafeln bildete, waren noch die sprach• lich mit dem Hethitischen verwandten Schwestersprachen Luwisch, Palaisch sowie andere Sprachen wie Sumerisch, Akkadisch, Hattisch und Hurrisch vertreten. Die große Bedeutung dieser Texte liegt u.a. darin, daß sie dem Historiker wertvolles Quellenmaterial für die Ge• schichte Kleinasiens im 2. vorchristlichen Jahrtausend ge• boten haben. Ihre sprachliche und historische Auswertung hat nicht nur die Existenz eines in Zentralanatolien seß• haft gewordenen Volkes, der Hethiter, aufgezeigt, sondern auch dazu verholfen, die bis dahin mit Hilfe der sogenannten kappadokischen Texte aus Kültepe (in der Nähe von Kayseri) und der sporadischen Nachrichten in den babylonischen, assy• rischen und ägyptischen Quellen nur sehr lückenhaft rekon• struierte Geschichte dieses Volkes und des von ihm begründeten Reiches neu zu schreiben, eine Aufgabe, deren Lösung mit vielerlei Schwierigkeiten und Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Diese Schwierigkeiten liegen einerseits in der sehr bruch• stückhaften Uberlieferung der Texte und andererseits in der Eigenart der Geschichtsbetrachtung der altorientalischen Völker. Unterscheiden sich auch die Hethiter von diesen in wesentlichen Punkten, so daß ihnen mehrfach ein "historischer 2 Hattusili III. Sinn" ' zuerkannt wurde, so gelangten sie doch nicht zu einer Geschichtschreibung im eigentlichen Sinne des Wortes. Trotzdem gestatten uns die Quellen erfreulicherweise einen Einblick in die Geschichte der Hethiter, in die Spra• che, Mentalität, Gebräuche, Gesetze, Religion usw. dieses Volkes, das von ca. 1750 bis 1200 v.Chr. zuerst das klein• asiatische Hochplateau und dann fast ganz Kleinasien und Nordsyrien beherrschte und sich unter Suppiluliuma I. (1380- 13^5 v.Chr.) sogar zu einer Großmacht im Vorderen Orient er• hob. Wenn aus der Reihe der hethitischen Könige einige Ge• stalten, bedingt durch die Fülle des Materials, besonders hervortreten, und sich dem Historiker als mehr oder minder faßbare Persönlichkeiten darbieten, so ist es nicht allein ihrer historischen Bedeutung zuzuschreiben, sondern auch dem Zufall der Textüberlieferung. Zu diesen Königen zählt neben HattuSili I., MurSili I., Telipinu, Suppiluliuma I., MurSili II. vor allem Hattusili III., da sich die Quellenlage bei ihm in einem weiteren Punkte von den anderen unterscheidet: während sich die Text• überlieferung anderer Könige fast ausschließlich auf ihre großkönigliche Zeit beschränkt, liegt das Schwergewicht der Zeugnisse über JJattusili III.-auf seiner vorköniglichen Zeit, so daß sich der Werdegang dieses Mannes von seiner Kindheit an verfolgen läßt. Was dies bedeutet, weiß nur der, der die mißliche Quellenlage im Bereiche der Keilschriftforschung einigermaßen kennt, zu schätzen. Diesen Glücksfall verdanken wir aber dem eigenartigen Verlauf seines Lebens, denn diese 1) S. A.KÄMMENHUBER, Saeculum IX (1958) 136 ff.; KLL III (1967) Sp. 1734 ff. (mit Lit.); außer de» dort angeführ• ten Lit.vgl. H.CANCIK, Mythische und historische Wahr• heit (1971) 46 ff. Einleitung 3 Texte sollten zum größten Teil dazu dienen, die unrecht• mäßige Beseitigung jener, die ihm bei der Durchsetzung sei• ner Machtpolitik im Wege standen, vor allem aber seine Usur• pation des Königsthrones zu rechtfertigen. Diese Überlie• ferungsursache unserer Quellen bringt es allerdings mit sich, daß bei der Auswertung dieser Texte häufig Hyperkritik an• zuwenden ist, weil man sonst weder über Hattusili selbst noch über die Ereignisse um ihn herum zu einem objektiven Urteil kommt. Bei der Auswahl dieses Themas hat auch mein Optimismus eine Rolle gespielt. Da ich mich am Anfang in der hethiti• schen Quellenlage nicht ganz zu Hause fühlte, glaubte ich das Gesamtmaterial über Hattusili III. verwerten und die Geschichte dieses Königs bis zu Ende führen zu können. Bei der Einsicht in die Texte stellte sich jedoch heraus, daß dieses Vorhaben nicht durchzuführen war, zumal ich auch un• ter Zeitdruck stand. Daher erscheint es zweckmäßig, in einem 1. Teil nur den Lebenslauf HattuSilis bis zu seiner Thronbesteigung darzu• stellen. In einem später erscheinenden 2. Teil soll dann HattuSili als Großkönig behandelt werden. Dem 1. Teil wird im I. Band eine Liste sämtlicher in die Zeit HattuSilis III« datierbaren und anderer ihn be• treffenden Texte vorausgeschickt, während dem 2. Teil nur die nach Sachgebieten gegliederten Texte, die über die Zeit Hattusilis als Großkönig berichten, beigegeben werden. Jene Texte, die über Hattusilis vorkönigliche Zeit berich• ten
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