THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY

Vol. 9, No. 2 Sl"Ml\IEI{, 1951

A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus (Diptera: )

LARRY W. QUATE, Uni ve1·sUy of Calijo·rnia, B e1·k el ey .,j , Co.lifonl.'ia, and WILLIS W. WIRTH, B'lt1·eatt of Entomology and Plant Qua1·antine, Ag1·ic·ztltttral R e­ search Administmtion, United States D e1Ja1·tn~ent of Agricultm·e

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the and nomenclature of that part of the Psychodidae involving the genus Maruinct Muller. The fact that 111a-ruina was represented in the North American fauua was not recognized until several years after l\Iuller 's original discovery of this unique genus in Brazil. After its presence in North America was realized, a number of species not congeneric with those described by Muller were placed in the genus. Nomenclatorial confusion has also resulted from the misassociation of stages of 111m·nina lanceolata ( P e1·icoma californiensis Kellogg) and P e·ricoma californica. Kincaid. This paper is based upon the study of correlated series of larvae, pupae, and adults of 111. lanceolata collected and reared by W. W. Wirth, cotypes of Sycom.c lcmceola.ta Kincaid, cotypes of P e·ricoma califo1·niensis Kellogg, cotypes of T·richomyia ttni­ punctata Haseman, cotypes of T1·ichomyia cirmtct Coquillett, holotype of Mantina nuda Dyar, holotype and paratypes of 111cwu.inct hirta Johannsen, and specimens of Maruina 1Jilosella Muller and M. lanceolata. A lectotype has been selected from the cotype series in the case of T. ttnipunctata. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Drs. A. E . Pritchard and R. J.J. Usinger for their aid and encouragement in this problem. Professor 'frevor Kincaid has most generously presented his entire psychodid collection to lVIr. Quate and this has been of great value in preparin"" the present paper. Dr. P etr Wygodzinsky most kindly made a special effort to coll ect all

Received for publication Jan uary 9, 1951. [ 151] 152 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951 stages of Jl1a1·uina in Argentina and has therefore made it pos­ sible to study larvae, pupae, and adults of the type species of the genus. We wish to thank Dr. C. D. Michener, 1\Ir. Henry Dietrich, Professor G. F. F'erris, and Mr. C. P. Hoyt, whose loans of type material in addition to that of Kincaid and \Vygodzinsky, have made possible the conclusions formulated in this paper. 1\l[r. Paul Freeman kindly supplied notes on the type of Psychoda cmgustipennis Williston in the British Museum. We appreciate the aid rendered to us by Dr. Alan Stone, Mr. P. C. Ting, and Mr. P. H. Arnaud, Jr., during the preparation of the manuscript.

Genus Maruina ~hiller.

Mantina MOLu:n, 1895, p. 480.-KERTEsz, 1902, p. 302.-MALLocn , 1917, p. 267.-TON .,.OIH, 1933, p. 69 ;-1934, p. 72.-ENDERLEIN, 1937, p. 109. JOHANN St~ N, 1938, p. 224.-HENNIO, 1950, p. 29.

T Tichomyia, HA SF.MAN (nee Ha.!iday) , 1907, p. 323.-RAPP, 1944, p. 209.

Mantinini RAPP, 1945b, p. 174.

TYPE OF GENUS: Jlllm·uina pilosella 1\'liiller (apparently by designation of Enclerlein, 1937).

l\Iiiller (1895) erected the genus li:Ian~ina on the basis of three species which he discovered in Brazil. The genus may be charac­ terized in the following manner: larvae onisciform with ei?·ht ventral suckers; pupae very much flattened elise-like, oval, caudal end rounded; adults with fifteen or sixteen-segmented antennae without ascoids, labium enlarged, flattened at apex, and wings narrow, lanceolate with radial sector three-branehed (only one long·itudinal vein between the forked veins), and the bases of the Rz ancll\C veins obliterated. The larvae and pupae are found

PLATE I

Figu re 1. Mantina. species A, dorsal view of pupa. 1a respiratory organ of pupa. Figure 2. Maruinct hirta Johannsen, dor sal view of pupa. 2a. respira­ tory organ of pupa. Figure 3. Ma1·uina JJilosella Muller, dorsal view of pupa. 3a. respira­ tory organ of pupa. Figure 4. Mantina pilosella Muller, dorsal view of larva. Figu re 5. Mantina lanceo la.ta (Kincaid), dorsal view of pupa. 5a. r espiratory organ of pupa. REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA- QUATE AND WIRTH 153

lA 2A 2 M. HIRTA M SPECIES A

3A 5A

4 M. PILOSELLA

3 M PILOSELLA 5 M LANCEOLATA 154 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951 adhering to rocks in rather swift-flowing streams and although usually not below the water line, the.v are kept wet by the water spray on the rocks. The adults are reclusive and seek shelter near t he stream in such places as deeply shaded marginal vegeta­ tion and bridges, which make convenient collecting places. Adults have never been taken in light traps ; in this respect they are unlike certain other psychodid species which ma~' be collected in large numbers by this method. At the present time t he genus is known f rom Brazil, Argentina, Puerto Rico, :i\fexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, California, and -w ashington. Future coll ecting of these t in~r cr·eatures will undoubtedly add considerably to the present meag·er knowledge of their distribution and reveal unrecognized species. The following are the .fh·e species which, in our opinion, belong to the genus jJ{arttina.

Maruina hirta Johannsen, 1938.

( Plate I, figures 2, 2A ; pla,te II, figure 1.) Mantinct hi1·ta J o H.\Xi'OSEN, 1938, p. 224.-R.wP, 1945a, p. 26.

HOLOTYPE, male (Department of Entomology, Cornell Uni­ Yersity) Guaynabo River (Km. 22, Road Ko. 1), Puerto Rico, F ebruary 21 , 1935, Needham and Garcias-Diaz. Paratypes: 2 females, pupae and larvae, Yunez River, Puerto Rico, June 20, 1935, Ga.rcia s-Dia.z. The holotype and paratypes of this species were examined and its position in Jl1(tntinct is verified.

Maruina lanceolata (Kincaid, 1899 ). (Plate I , figures 5, 5A; plate II, figure 4.) Sycomx la.n ceolata K n'"c.\w, 1899, p. 35.-ENnEtu.ErN, 1937, p. 111. ManLina lanceola.ta. K ERT ESZ, ] 902, p . 302.- E NnERLE IN, 1937, p. 110.- JOltANNSE:\', 1938, p. 224.

PLAT E II

Figure 1. ManLina hi1·ta Johannsen, dorsal view of male genitalia. Figure 2. ManLina 1Jilosella Muller, ventral view of s ub·genital plate. Figure 3. MaTuina 1Jilosella Muller, lateral view of male genitalia. Figure 4. Mand.na lanceolata (Kincaid), lateral view of male geni- talia. REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA- QUATE AND WIRTH 155

2 M. PILOSELLA

4 M LANCEOLATA 156 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951

T?"ichom yia lanceolata, HASEM .\N, 1907, p. 323.-RAPP, 1944, p. 209.

Pe1"icoma ca.lifontiensis KELLOGG , 1901, p. 46.

ilfa.ntina calijo1·n·iensis, MALLOCII, 1917, p. 226 (californiensis Kellogg ( = ca.lifonliect Kincaid) (sic!) ].-TONNOIR, 1933, p. 70 ;-1934, p. 71 . - ENDERLEIN, 1937, p. 110.-JOll ANN SEN, 1938, p. 224.-HI~ NNIG, 1950, p. 29.

P e1"icoma califontica KELwoo, 1901, p. 48 (lapsus) .-Aumwn, 1905, p. 106. -MUTTKOW SKI, 1915, p. 111.

T1"ichontyia 1tni1J7tnCtatct HA SDL\N, 1907, p. 323.-RAPP, 1944, p. 209. (New synonymy.)

Mantina 1tni1nmctata., JOHANNSEN, 1938, p. 224. CoTYPES, (Kincaid Coll ection) 1 female, Palo Alto, Santa Clara Count?, California, August 3, 1895; 1 slide of female genitalia, 1 slide of wing, Santa Cruz 1\Iountains, California, August 9, 1895; 2 females, 1 slide of head and female genitalia, 1 slide of wing, Almota, Washington, R W. Doane. Cotypes, (Pe-riconw californica Kellogg) 28 larvae (Natural History Museum, Stanford University), Los Gatos Creek, Santa Clara County, California, March 3, 1900, J . II. Comstock. Cotypes, (T·richomyia unipnnctctta, Haseman) 2 females (Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas), Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona, 6,000 feet, August, F. H. Snow. 'l'he cotypes of "unipunctata" have been examined, one has been designated as lectotype and r eturned to the University of Kansas.

OTHER MATERIAL ExAMINED: CALIFORNL\ : 8iskiyott County: South Fork Sacramento River, July 22, 1948, W. Vv. Wirth, 1 male, 12 females, 25 larvae, 10 pupae; H tonboldt County: Willow Creek, August 12, 1948, W. W. ·wirth, 1 female; Hely Creek, August 11, 1948, W. W. Wirth, 5 females, 20 larvae, 3 pupae ; Van Duzen River, August 11, 1948, W . W. Wirth, 1 ;nale, 9 females, 16 larvae, 10 pupae; }J cndocino ()ounty: Russian River, July 28 , 1948, W. W. Wirth, 11 larvae, 2 pupae; Con Creek, Boonville, Jul~r 30, 1948, W. W . Wirth, 2 males, 1 female, 25 larvae, pupae; Willits, f) miles east, lHa? 28, 1950, L. vV. Quate, 2 males, 29 femal es ; Hopland, 5 miles east, l\Ia? 28, 1950, L. W. Quate, 1 male, 16 females ; Lake County: St. Helena Creek, July 17, 1948, \V. W. Wirth, 6 larvae, 10 pupae ; Eldomdo County : Riverton, June 27 , 1950, P. C. 'ring and L. W. Quate, 5 males, REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA-QUATE AND W IRTH 157

1 female, 3 larvae, 2± pupae; A lameda Cotmty : 'trawberr,,- Creek, Berkeley, April 20, 19-±8, R. h usinger et aL, 7 larYae, 3 pupae; same, A.pril 23 , 1948, A. E. Pritchar·d and W. IV. Wirth, 2 males (reared) ; same, May 12, 19-±8, W. W. vVirth, 1 male, 2 female.­ (reared ) ; same, May 21, 1948, W. W. Wirth, 8 males, 9 females; Santn Crtu Cottnty : Santa Cruz Mountains, Jul.'- 18, 1895, 2 males, 7 females; same, August 12, 1895, 1 male, 8 females; Santa Clara County: Palo Alto, Au ~~·u st 3, J 895, 1 mal e, 9 females; Uvas Creek, July 7, 19-±8, W . W. Wirth, 2 males, 15 females, 50 larvae, pupae ; Ca mpbell Creek, Sarato::\·a, J uly 8, 19-:1:8, W. W. Wirth, 1 femal e, 30 larvae, 2 pupae; S a'/1 .lla,teo County : Corte l\Iadera Creek, August 18, 19-:1:9, C. P . IIoyt, 1 male, 1 female; Jl1ont e·rey Cotmty : Cachagua Creek, .July 1, 19-:1:8, IV. W. Wirth, 4 males, 21:1: females, 25 larvae, 16 pupae; Ano.'·o Seco Rang-er Station, July 1, 19-:1:8, W. W. Wirth, 1 female, 30 larvae, 20 pupae· Big Sur River, July 27, 1947, W. W. Wirth, 2 males, 2 femn les; Fresno County : Kings River Canyon, J nl.'- 20, 19-:1:7 , I V. W. Wirth, 2 males, 1 female; Ttdare County : Kaweah River, July 2, 1947, W. \IV . Wirth, 1 female; Sprin g­ vill e, Jul.'' 10, 19-:1:7 , W. W. Wirth, 2 males, 18 females; Ca mp Nelson, July 17, 1947, W . W. Wirth, 2 fema les; California Hot Springs, August 6, 19-:1:7 , W. W. Wirth, 1 male; V entura County: Sisar Creek, June 16, 1948, Vv. W. Wirth, 1 female; same, August 23, J 948, W. W. Wirth, 2 females; l nyo County: Rock Creek. June 6, 1948, \ 71/. vV. Wirth, 50 larvae, 20 pupae ; Los Angeles County : Tanbark F lat. June 25 , 1950, ,J. W. ]\[acSwa in, 16 males, 23 females.

VvA H INGTON: Douglas, .June 15, 1941, Knipling and Bishop ( USI\TM ), 1 male, 3 females ; Kana skat, August ] 5, 1942 (US?\M), 3 males, 3 females. NEw l\IExrco: Las ·vegas Hot Springs, August, 1901, H . S. Barber (US.\Tl\f) , 5 females (these close].'- resembl e cotypes of ''tmipwnctata''). Kell ogg ( 1901 :-:1:7 ) de:cribed larvae and pupae of a species of Psychodidae which he stated was '' ... a form recentl.'- described from my specimens h.'' Kincaid under the name Pericoma cctli­ fo ·rniensis." HoweYer , as pointed out by Mall och (1917:266), Kincaid 's description ( 1901 :195) did not appear until after Kellogg's, so Kellogg is the proper author of this name. Ful'ther- 158 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951 more, Kincaid and Kellogg were dealing with two different species. The species with which Kellogg was dealing is herein considered to be Mcwuina lanceolata (Kincaid) . This conclusion has been reached after a comparison of correlated series of im­ mature stages and adults of 'Ali. lamceolata with the original type series of "lanceolatct" and "califo-rniensis." The fact that "the described by Kincaid has certain l~r not been bred from the larva and pupa described by Kellogg" and that "some con­ fusion must have occurred when the specimens were sent for description to Kincaid by Kellogg" was first pointed out by Tonnoir ( 1933 :72) , who also indicated (1934 :71 ) that "cali­ f ontiensis" Kellogg was probably a synon~rm of "lane eo /etta." The species described as Pe1·icm1w californica by Kincaid ( 1901 :195) is a true Pericoma under the present definition of that genus. It unquestionably does not belong to the genus Mantina and cannot have been the adult reared from larvae and pupae which Kellogg described. Kellogg and Kincaid used the spelling Pericoma californica for two different species. Kellogg used the spelling "californiensis" once in his paper, two pages before the spelling "californica" appeared. 'fhe latter was used four t im es, twice in explanations of his figures and twice in the text. It could well be argued that Kellogg full~r believed that he was describing the larva and pupa of Kincaid's species P . wlifontiw, and that his first spelling, "ca1ifontiensis," was a lapstts. However, the fact remains that Kellogg's first usage, by page precedence, was ''calif o1·n:i ensis,'' and this name has been used subsequently at least six times by other workers, as opposed to two for" cali[01·nica." It is here pro­ posed to treat Kellogg's second spelling, "colifornica." as a lctpsus. This, according to currently accepted nomenclatorial practice, would avoid the necessit.v of renaming N£lifonticct Kin­ caid as a primary homonym.

'l'1·ich01nyict uniptmctata Haseman is synon~·mized with 111. . lcmceolatct after an examination of Haseman's cotypes, one of which is here designated as the lectotype. 'l'he most obvious dif­ ferences between the descriptions of the two species are the brown color, with uniform brown wings, and the white basal tarsal seg­ ment in M. lanceola.ta,j and the light yellow thorax, dark wing with two transverse bands of longer scales and a tuft of silvery REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA-QUATE AND WIRTH 159 scales at wing tip, and most of the legs light in "tmipunctcttct." However, the repeated intergradations of these differences in Ca lifornia material, plus the apparent absence of structural dif­ ferences, leads us to believe that the two are the same. The two characters, white tarsi and apical white wing spot, have been analyzed in our California material with the following results: Brown tarsi, no white spot on apex of wing: Berkeley ( 12 specimens). White tarsi, no white spot on wing: Berkeley ( 2), Hely Creek (5) , Cachagua Creek (1), Boonville (3) , Va n Duzen River (10), South Fork Sacramento River (5), Uvas Creek (1). Brown tarsi, white spot on wing: South Fork Sacramento River (1). White tarsi, white spot on wing: Cachagua Creek (19), Sisar Creek (1) , South Fork Sacramento River (7) , Uvas Creek ( 10), Springville ( 2), Willow Creek ( 1) , Arroyo Seco (1), Saratoga (1) , Camp Nelson (2). All pupae examined showed ver y constantly the dorsal abdom­ inal pattern figured by Kellogo· (also redrawn here in Plate I , figures 5, 5A for comparison with that of jJfa·rttina. hirta Johann­ sen and species A.) The prothoracic respirator~' organ is also a characteristic structure in this species. Kincaid (1899 :35) states, "Habitat: Palo Alto, California, August 3, 1898. " Upon examination of specimens in the Kincaid coll ection there is one female mounted on a slide labelled "Sycom x lanceolata Kincaid, Palo Alto, California, August 3, 1895. " It is believed that the year 1898 in K incaid 's paper is a t,vpographical error and should read " 1895. " This ·was the only specimen feom Palo Alto in the coll ection.

Maruina pilosella Muller, 1895. (Plate I, figures 3, 3A, 4; plate II, figures 2, 3.)

Mantina pilosella M i.TLLER, 1895, p. 480.-0STEN SACI(E N, 1895, p. 484.­ EATON , 1895, p. 489.-KI::RTKSZ, 1902, p. 302.-TONNOIU, 1933, p. 70. -ENillmLJ,JN, 1937, p. 110.- RAPP, 1945a, p. 174 ;-1945b, p. 26.­ HENNJG , 1950, p. 29.

nL\l.,E: Clot hed with long, flatten ed, pale and brown hairs. fl eacl, vertex brown, remainder of head and antennae pale, vestitme pale, few black bristles on distal 3/ 4 of antennae and 160 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, V oL. 9, 1951

pal pi as long or longer titan pale hairs; e ~ ·es narrow l~r p t·oduced toward midline, separated by distance equal to eight facets. Antennae sixteen-segmented, length little less than 111:! width of wing, hair covering moderatel,v dense, forming indefi nite, loose whorls; first and second segments obovate, equal in diameter, first narrower· at base and slightly longer t han second ; t hirJ segment barrel-shaped, half as wide and three-fourths as long as second, remaining segments as t hird segment but gradu a ll~ ­ diminishing in size, terminal segment as others, not great ly l'e­ duced in size and without terminal spicule. Palpi half as long as antennae, densely covered with coarse, spatulate hairs and scattered bristles, two bristles at apex of last segment, ratio of segments 3 :3 :-1::6 ; labium wi t l1 eight hristles at apex arranged in half-circle around margin. Thora:c dark brown. Scutum with long, dense, pale hairs becoming darker toward tip, pleuron with pale area posterior to anterior spiracle, dense tuft of brown hairs midway between base of wing and halter. Wings clothed with long, dense, b1·own hairs arisin g from veins on l~r , membrane clear with brown infnsrations, frin o·e as long as width of wing, wh ite at base on posterior margin, costal cell infusrated in apical half, infuscation expanded into spot between apices of Sc and

R 1 , cell .i\f 3 infusca ted, in fusca tion darker and widened at apex of cell, black patch of hairs at in fuscations at apices of Sc and l\I,1, bl ack band of hairs across wing at apices of R1 and ~.r ,, apex of wing slightly infuscated with black hairs and small white patch of hairs at extreme apex: halteres white. L egs pale clothed with pale appressed hairs and scattered long black hairs inter­ mixed with few white ones, appressed black hairs on femora and tibiae, apices of tarsi with short dark scales. A bdomen dark bl'Own clothed with scattered long hairs, hairs pale at hase, apica l half dark; no white scales on tergites; genitalia as figured. L ength of wing, 2 mm .; maximum width of wing, 0.4 mm. FEMALE : Similar to male; sub-genital plate as figured. PUPA: Flattened, brown, matur·e specimens dark brown, abdom­ inal tergites with lateral pale areas. Structural details as :fi gured. Length, 2.3 mm. ; width, 1.3 mm. LA.RV.\ : As fi gured. E ve rsible membranous branchiae may be protruding fr-om posterior margin of preanal plate of siphon, branchiae consisting of six finger-like lobes. l\Iature larva, length, 2.7 mm.; width, 1.1 mm . REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA-QUATE AND WIRTH 161

TYPE LoCA I... JTY : "Brazil. " (Probably Itajah~- , see }[tiller, J R81, p. 499).

Jl.\TERIAL ExAMINgo : Quebrada de Los Sosa Acheral, Dep. )[onteros, Prov. Tucumfm, Argentina, December 12, 1950, P. W~·godzinsky, 4 males (3 dissected from pupae), 1 female (dissected from pupa) , 24 pupae, 35 larvae. T he specim ens examined show close similarities to those illustrated by Muller (1895, plate X, figures 2, 3, -!, 5; plate XI, figur·e.· 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20 ) and occup~ · similar habitats as he described for his specimens (p. 479 )' although w,,·godzinsky stated (in litt.) that " the larvae and pupae were found well below the surface of the water, I should say up to 10 centim eters, ... " which is further below the water surface than the Brazilian Jorms were found. However, no differences are found ·which would justify describing this fo nn as a new species. In the future, specim ens collected and studied by Muller may be r ediscovered o1· specim ens from the t~rp e locality may show that the form herein described is not conspecific with Muller's 111. pilosella. Until the status o:E this species can be better clarified, it seems advisable to consider the material treated as representing t he t~ · p e species of the genus. Plate X , fi gure 5 o:E l\{iiller 's paper shows a view of the siphon of JJ. pilosella and at first this was great l~r misinterpreted by tho authors. This segment actually has at the apex, shown by l\[riller to be bare, two lobes with an uniform circle o:E long, black hairs (see plate I, figure -! ) . Fortunately, however, one specimen was noted which had these lobes broken off and t he white membranous branchiae protruding in just the manner illustrated by l\Iiiller. Other specimens sho·wed the branchiae in various stages of pro­ trusion, some just exposed at the Rpex of tho ventral preanal plate and others with various lengths of the branchiae exposed, hut most with no indication as to the presence of t hese stmctures. Apparently Muller either left the lobes from the drawing- to emphasize the branchiae or had specim ens in which the lobes \rere broken off.

Maruina spinosa Miiller, J 895. ilfant.ina Spinosa MULLER, 1895, p . 480.-0STE:-1 SA CKEN, 1895, p. 485.­ EA'l'OK, 1895, p. 489 .-TONNOIH, 1933 , p. 70.-ENDEULEIX, 1937, p. 110. -RAPP, 1945a, p. 26.-HENNTG, 1950, p. 29. 162 THE 'NASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951

P e1·icoma spinose£, K r ~ RTE S z , 1902, p. 302.

TYPE LOCALJTY: "Brazil." (Probably Itajah~·, see MiHJer, 1881, p. 499.)

Maruina species .A. (Plate I, figures 1, 1A.) Thirteen pupae in the U. S. National Museum colJection from Contreras, nea r Mexico City, Mexico, collected by Hecht, 1947, differ from the other three species here figured in the shape of the respiratory organ and the dorsal markings of the abdomen. The genus Man~inn forms a compact group of species all closely related to each other and differing from other genera of Psy­ chodidae in morphological structure of larvae, pupae, and adults and in their biology. 'l'he intra.generic differences vanr between the species actually studied. Mantin££ pilosellct and ill.. lcmceolata are very similar in adult appearance, but NI. pilosella may be differentiated by having a sixteen-segmented antem1a, while 111. la,nceolctta has but fifteen segments. Maruina pilosella lacks the heavily sclerotized spines on the phallotheca of the male o·enitalia which are so conspicuous in M. lanceolctta, particularly when the aedaegus is exserted. The snb-gential plates of the females are very similar in these two species. Ma1·uina hi?"ta differs markedly in the structure of the inferior appendage of the male o·enitalia (illustration may not show the true length of this appendage, since the only specimen available was mounted with a. dorsal view of the male genitalia and apparently dissected f rom t he pupa and the appendage may not have been fully extended) and the shaggy tufts of black hair on the antennae and at the base of the costal margin on the wing·. The pupae of M. pilosella. arc the most distinctive with the sculpturing along the dorsal thoracic and abdominal sutures, but the three species each have charac­ teristic patterns and respiratory organs. The larvae are all similar, but differ chiefly in dorsal abdominal patterns. The following are species, which, in the opinion of the authors, have been erroneously placed in the genus Mrwnina..

Pericoma ursula (Muller, 1895 ), new com bination. Ma.ntina 1£1"SUla Mfu.LE R, 1895, p . 480 .-0STEN SACKEN, 1895, p . 484.­ ENDERLKIN, 1937, p. 110.-RAPP, 1945a, p . 26.-H~; NNlG, 1950, p . 29. REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA-QUATE AND WIRTH 163

'l'YPE LoCALlTY: " Brazil." (Probably Itajahy, see MUll er, 1881, p. 499.) This species, from the original description, does not appear to be congeneric with 11!. pilosella and Jill. spinosa, 1\liiller 's other two species. About the only character they have in conunon i~ the head structure of the larva, according to Miiller. J\o mention is made of adult or pupal characters of tt?"sttla. and it is doubtful if -:\'Iiiller had adults at hand. Feuerborn's ( 1932 :57 ) opinion that the larva probably represents a species of Pericomct is accepted as the best available.

Trichomyia cirrata Coquillett, 1902.

'l'1·icho1nyifb ci?Yata COQ UILLET'l', 1902, p. 137.-RAPP, 1945a, p . 30 .

.Mandna Ci1Tata, DYAR, 1926, p. 111.-JOHANNSEN, 1938, p. 224. Cotypes ('l'ype No. 6309, U. S. National Museum ), 4 females, Frontera, 'fabasco, Mexico, March 26. 'fhese have been examined and are typical T·richomyia.

Trichomyia nuda (Dyat·, 1926 ), new combination.

Mandnfb nuda DY AR, 1926, p. 111.- J oHANNSEN, 1938, p. 224.

HoLO'l'YPE ('l'ype No. 29394, lJ. S. National :M:uset1m ), male, Plummer's Island, Maryland, June 23, 1907, H . S. Barber. An examination of the type reveals that this species belongs in Trichomyia rather than in JVIa1·uirw.

Psychoda angustipennis Williston, 1896.

Psychoda a.ngustiz;ennis Wil-LISTON , 1896, p. 284.-DEL ROSARIO, 1936, p. 143.-ENDERLE.IN, 1937, p. 85.-R.-\PP, 1945a, p. 28.

Affbndna angnstipennis E NDF.RUi; tN, 1937, p. 110.-JOHANNS~: N , 1938, p . 224. 'l' YPE LocALl'l'Y: St. Vincent, West Indies.

According to the original description the two longitudinal unforked veins between the anterior and posterior forked veins, the second ending in the tip of the wing, place this species in Psychoda in spite of the la.nceolate-shaped wings. 'l'onnoir (1920 :149) and Satchell (1950 :42) note a. very similarly shaped wing in Psychoda. acutipennis 'l'onnoir from Bounty Island near 164 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951

New Zealand and the former author remarked on its resemblance to Marnina.

Telmatoscopus (Neotelmatoscopus) indicus (Feuerbom, 1932). Jlfantinc£ i:nclica FECERllORN, 1932, p. 58.-JOH.ANNSEN, 1 934, p. 27.-RAPP, 1945a, p. 26. 1'elmatOSC01)1£S (NeotelmatOSCOlJUS} indiC1£S, T ONNOlR, 1933, p. 70 (in new s ubgenus) .- ENJJF:RLEJN, 1937, p. 88.- HENNIG , 1950, p. 28.

T YPE LoCALITY: Described from East Java, South Sumatra, Korth Bengal. A stud ~ · of P euerborn 's description and figures of adult, lan·a and pupa quickly and plainly shows that this species is not a lllant.ina. The larvae have much more greatly developed lateral expansions on each body segment and possess only six ventral suckers, while those of Ma1·uina, have eight. The pupae are not as great ]~· flattened as Mrw·uina, have the usual psychodid terminal spines, and in one species are attached to the substrate by a cement body in the middle of the ventral surface. 'l'he r e­ semblance of the adults to T elrnatoscovus, which was indicated b.v Feuerborn (1932) , 'l'onnoir (1933 ) and Johannsen (193±) , is strongl~· supported by the foll owing characters : antennae 16- segmented, the flagellar segments with apical neck and complex ascoids; wing with four-branched radial sector, R, ending before and R 5 behind the wing tip. Tonnoir (1933 :72 ) places it, along with a second oriental species with similar immature stages, in a new subgenus N eotelmcttoscop1ts of 1'elmatoscoptts.

LITERATURE CITED ALDRICH, J. M. 1905. A catalogue of Nor th American Diptera. Smithsonian Miscel· laneou s Collection , No. 1444, 46:105-107 (Psychodidae). COQUH. LETT, D. w. 1902. New orthoiThaphous Diptera from Mexico and Texas. Journal of th e New York Entomological Society, 10 :136-141.

D EL RO S.\IUO, F. 193 6. The American species of Psychocla ( Diptera: Psychodidae). Philippine Journal of Science, 59 :85-148.

DY.\H, H. G. 1926. Some apparently new American psychodids (Diptera, Psy­ chodidae). Insecu tor Inscitiae Mens truus, 14:107-111. REVISION OF GENUS MARUINA-QUATE AND WIRTH 165

EATO!\, A. E. 1895. Supplementary notes on Dr. Fritz Miiller 's paper on a ne\\ form of larvae of Psychodidae ( Diptera) , from Brazil. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 489- 493.

E:\'DERLEIN, GL'NTliER 1937. Klassifikation der Psychodiden (Dipt.) Deutsche Entomol­ ogische Zeitschrift, Jahrgang 1936, Heft 3/ 4, pp. 81- 112.

FEL' EUBORN, H. J. 1932. Die Psychodide Ma.nt.ina inclica sp. n. und ilue Beziehung zu den Blepharoceriden. Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 11 :55-128.

HASEMAN, LEONAHIJ 1907. A monograph of the North American Psychodidae, including ten new species and an aquatic psychodid f rom Florida. Transactions of the American Entomologica l Society, 33: 299-333.

Ht; .'\ NIG, 'vV. 1950. Die Larvenformen der Dipteren. Berlin. 2:1- 458.

J O H ANNSEN, 0. A . 1934. Aquatic Diptera. Part I. Nemocera, exclusive of Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Ex­ periment Station Memoir 164, 71 pages, 24 plates. 1938. New species of Nemoce ra from Puerto Rico . .Journal of Agri­ culture of the University of Puerto Rico, 22:219- 225.

K EU.OGG, v. L. 1901. An aquatic psychodid. Entomological News, 12 :46- 49.

KE;Itn:sz, C. 1902. Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Museum Na­ tionale Hungaricum, 1 :293- 304 (Psychodidae).

KINCAID, TREVOR 1899. The Psychodidae of the Pacific Coast. Entomological News, 10 :30-37. 1901. Notes on American P sychodidae. Entomological News, 12:193- 196.

MALLOCH, J. R. 1917. A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part I. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12:264-274 (Psy­ chodidae). 166 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 9, 1951

MOLLER, FRITZ 1881. II. Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen. 1. Verwa ndlung und Verwandtschaft der Blepharoceriden. Zoologischer Anzeiger , 4:499- 502. 1895. Contl"ibutions towards the his tory of a new fo rm of la rvae of P sychodidae ( Diptera) , from Brazil. Tra nsactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 479- 482.

M u TTKOWS KT , R . A. 1915. New life-histories. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natura l History Society, new series, 13 :109- 116.

O STEN SACKEN, C. R. 1895. Remarks on the homologies and differ ences between the firs t stages of Pe?'icoma Hal., a nd those of the new Brazilian species. Tra nsactions of the Entomological Society of Lon­ don, 1895:483- 487.

RAPP, w. F., JR. 1944. Catalogue of North American P sychodidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 52:201-209. 1945a. Check-list of P sychodidae of South and Central America. Journa l of the New York Entomological Society, 53:21- 30. 1945b. Catalogue of the types of genera a nd s u bgenera of P sy­ chodidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 40:172- 177.

SATCIIELL, G. H. 1950. On Psy chocl a ac·utitJennis Tonnoir, a semi-apterous, island­ living species. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological So­ ciety of London, Series B , 19:42-46.

T ONNOTR, A. L.

1920. Contribution a !'etude des P sy~hodida e . Annales de Ia Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 60:149- 157. 1933. Descriptions of r emarka ble India n P sychodidae a nd their early stages, with a theory of the evolution of the ventral suckers of dipterous larvae. R ecords of the India n Museum, Calcutta, 35:53- 76. 1934. Notes synonymiques s ur quelques P sychodidae (Diptera) . Bulletin et Annales de Ia Societe Entomologique de Belgi­ que, 74:69- 82.

WTLLISTOX, S. W. 1896. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896 :283-284 (Psy­ chodidae).