DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecology and Production Dynamics of Four Black Fly Species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Western Oregon Streams by Jon A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ecology and Production Dynamics of Four Black Fly Species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Western Oregon Streams by Jon A AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jon A. Speir for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in Entomology presented on August 14, 1975 Title: THE ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION DYNAMICS OF FOUR BLACK FLY SPECIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN WESTERN OREGON STREAMS I Abstract approved: Redated for Privacyivacy N. H. Anderson Ecological and production studies of Prosimulium caudatum Shewell, P. dicum Dyar and Shannon, Simulium arcticum Malloch and S. canadense Hearle (Diptera: Simuliidae) were made in 1971 and 1972 in three streams near Corvallis, Oregon.The purpose of the study was to characterize the biology and population dynamics of larvae, and to compare the production of the four species under various spatial and temporal conditions. A total of 54 annual production estimates was derived utilizing 37 stations.In addition, 17 annual drift and 22 emergence (as pupae) determinations were made. Data on the physical and chemical characteristics of the streams, and on larval associates, parasites, predators and food types were obtained at all stations.Laboratory experiments provided data on feeding rates and predator impact. The two Prosimulium species always coexisted, and occurred in all streams. Simulium arcticum and S. canadense were studied in two streams only.All species were univoltine and had egg stage durations exceeding 40 weeks. Prosimulium spp. larvae appeared in mid-February and were on riffles for an average of 10.3 weeks. Simulium arcticum hatching began about six weeks later.Larvae of this species developed in an average of 8.8 weeks. Development of S. canadense began about nine weeks later than for Prosimulium spp. but lasted nearly as long.All four black flies had six larval instars. All larvae were filter feeders, and fed primarily on the sus- pended materials in the streams.Detritus made up from 65-90% of the diet, with the rest being filamentous algae.Alimentary tract clearing of larvae was usually accomplished in less than one hour. Black fly immatures were associated with about 75 other benthic insect species.Of these, nine were likely important simuliid natural enemies.Fish were minor black fly predators. Gastromermis nema- todes occurred in about 3% of all mature simuliid larvae. Annual losses due to drift averaged about 6%.Simuliid drift appeared to be a function of standing crop density.Growth-related crowding may also have been a factor.Effects of diel light conditions, temperature and discharge were minimal. A diel emergence pattern existed for Simulium spp. adults only. The time between emergence and oviposition was likely about 0.5 week for all species.Emergence at most stations was single peaked, and averaged 3. 6 weeks in duration. The sampling universe at each station could be effectively par- titioned to exclude areas where larvae did not exist.Thus, the weekly stratified random sampling program provided population estimates with error terms of usually 15% or less.All quantitative data were expressed on a perm2of overall riffle basis (and not on a perm2of habitat basis) to make the study more comparable to other benthic research. Density, biomass and production differences between stations, streams and years were minimal for each species, and therefore were treated as replicates.Initial densities ranged from over 11000 to about 16000 larvae/m2.Mortality for aggregates of all species was similar, with about 70% of all losses occurring during the first half of larval life.Growth for all species was generally logistic and averaged over 0.090 gig per day annually. Production, averaged for 1971 and 1972, in g/m2 ,was: P. caudatum, 2.644; P. dicum, 2.908; S. canadense, 3. 141; and S. arcticum, 3.950.This species ranking also held for initial density, mean density and mean biomass. Biomass and production were almost always closely correlated.Mortality variations had a greater influence on production than did growth rate. Averaged for all species, the mean total mortality due to drift and parasites was 6.2% and 0.5% respectively.An average of 10.7% of colonizing larvae survived to emerge. Predator-caused losses were estimated to provide the 82.6% needed to balance the loss budget. Black fly larvae were the dominant processor of suspended materials in the three streams. On the average, they outnumbered all other primary consumers combined on riffles by a factor of 27. Simuliid larvae functioned as the primary prey reservoir for as many as 20 species of insect carnivores from Februarythrough June of both years. The Ecology and Production Dynamics of Four Black Fly Species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Western Oregon Streams by Jon A. Speir A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed August 1975 Commencement June 1976 APPROVED: RERedacted for Privacy Professor of Entomology in charge of major Redacted for Privacy Head of Department of Entomology Redacted for Privacy Dean of Gradate School` Date thesis is presented August 14,1975 Typed by Mary Jo Stratton forJon A. Speir ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to the following persons who either assisted with this dissertation or contributed to my educa- tion. To Dr. N, H. Anderson for his help in the preparation of the manuscript, and especially for his guidance and friendship during the time he served as my major professor. To Dr. P.O. Ritcher, ex-chairman of the Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, for his part in gathering entomologists who are both knowledgeable and communicative in all aspects of the discipline. To Dr. C.E. Warren for his counsel on science in general and production in particular. To Drs. G. D, Faulkenberry, N.A. Hartmann and C. Holtz, and especially to Dr, Mary Ann Strand for their guidance on sampling and the statistical analysis of data. To Mr. W. K. Seim for his advice on calorimetry; and to the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, for allowing me the unrestricted use of a calorimeter. To my wife, Susan, for her encouragement throughout this research, and for her ability to make the common aspects of life seem extraordinary. This research was ri part supported by the Ecology and System- atics of Aquatic Insects project, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, to Dr. N. H. Anderson. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Aspects of Stream Research 3 Production 6 The Biology of Simuliidae 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 Study Species 16 Study Streams 19 Site Selection and Stations 32 Benthos Sampling and Statistics 33 Drift and Emergence Sampling 42 Biomass and Growth 45 Production 48 Food Types and Feeding Experiments 51 Natural Enemies 53 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 55 Species Composition and Habitat Segregation 55 Life History 59 Egg Stage, Overwintering and Oviposition 59 Eclosion Intervals 64 Dispersal of Newly Hatched Larvae 68 Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Larvae 71 Number, Size and Duration of Larval Ins tars 78 Larval Feeding 85 Larval and Pupal Associates 92 Predator Studies 97 Parasite Studies 103 Drift 107 Pupae 120 Emergence and Adults 122 Dens ity 131 Mortality 145 Biomass 149 Page Growth 151 Growth and Temperature 162 Growth and Mortality 164 Production 165 Production Dynamics 166 Density, Biomass and Production Relationships 178 Production Comparisons between Streams, Species and Years 183 Indirect Methods of Calculating Production 190 The Hynes-Coleman Technique 192 Turnover Ratios 192 Drift and Production 193 Emergence and Production 194 Comparison of Simuliid Production with Other Aquatic Insects 197 Dynamics and Mortality of Black Fly Aggregates 198 The Function of Simuliidae in Oregon Stream Ecosystems 203 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 206 Species Composition and Life History 206 Population and Aggregate Dynamics 214 BIBLIOGRAPHY 221 APPENDICES Appendix I. Sample Statistical Analysis Calcula- tion for Pros imulium caudatum Larval Population at Station 0-II, 1972 237 Appendix II. Sample Calculation of Density and Biomass at Time I-1 239 Appendix III.Larval and Pupal Gastromermis Infection Densities and Percentages 241 Appendix IV.Original Weekly and Annual Drift Data for All Black Fly Species 246 Appendix V. Emergence at All 1971 and 1972 Stations for All Black Fly Species 256 Page Appendix VI.Larval Ins tar Production using Averaged 1971 and 1972 Density, Weight, Growth, Duration and Biomass Data 260 Appendix VII, Production Contribution Percentage for Black Fly Larvae, by Week 263 Appendix VIII, Original Weekly and Annual Growth, Biomass and Production for All Black Fly Species 264 Appendix IX,Initial Black Fly Larval Density per Square Meter of Usable Substrate at All 1971 and 1 972 Stations 292 Appendix X. Annual Black Fly Larval Production in Grams per Square Meter of Usable Substrate at All 1971 and 1972 Stations 295 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Map showing all sampling stations on Berry, Oak and Soap Creeks. 20 2 Weekly range of water temperature at Berry Creek stations. 26 3 Discharge and weekly range of water tempera- ture at Oak Creek stations. 27 4 Discharge and weekly range of water tempera- ture at Soap Creek stations. 28 5 Devices used in laboratory experiments and field sampling. 36 6 Artificial stream trough at the Oak Creek Entomology Facility. 36 7 Diagram of stratified random sampling device. 37 8 The technique used in sampling black fly larvae during the study. 39 9 The sampling grid in position over a riffle. 39 10 Diagram showing typical Prosimulium spp. and Simulium spp. inhabited riffle situations. 56 11 Diagrammatic representation of Prosimulium spp., S. arcticum and S. canadense life cycles and dens ities. 60 12 Prosimulium caudatum larval head-capsule width measurements. 79 13 Simulium arcticum larval head-capsule width measurements. 80 14 Simulium canadense larval head-capsule width measurements. 81 Figure Page 15 Comparison of mean standing crop density and drift of P. caudatum and P. dicum larvae.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download The
    AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE INHABITING A SERIES OF SALINE LAKES IN CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHIRONOMUS TENTANS FABRICIUS by Robert Alexander Cannings BSc. Hons., University of British Columbia, 1970 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Zoology We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May, 1973 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date ii ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with a study of the Chironomidae occuring in a saline lake series in central British Columbia. It describes the ecological distribution of species, their abundance, phenology and interaction, with particular attention being paid to Chironomus tentans. Emphasis is placed on the species of Chironomus that coexist in these lakes and a further analysis is made of the chromo• some inversion frequencies in C. tentans. Of the thirty-four species represented by identifiable adults in the study, eleven species have not been previously reported in British Columbia, five are new records for Canada and seven species are new to science.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Blephariceridae) from Western North America Amanda J
    Entomology Publications Entomology 2008 A New Species of Blepharicera Macquart (Diptera: Blephariceridae) from Western North America Amanda J. Jacobson Iowa State University Gregory W. Courtney Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs Part of the Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/190. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A New Species of Blepharicera Macquart (Diptera: Blephariceridae) from Western North America Abstract During a review of the Blepharicera of western North America, we discovered a new species from several mid- sized rivers in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. We hereby present descriptions of the larvae, pupae, and adults of B. kalmiopsis, new species. Diagnostic characters and a brief discussion of bionomics and distribution are also provided. Based on previous and ongoing studies, B. kalmiopsis clearly belongs to the B. micheneri Alexander species group and appears closely related to B. zionensis Alexander. Keywords Blepharicera, Blephariceridae, net-winged midges, new species, Nearctic Disciplines Biology | Entomology Comments This article is from Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 110 (2008): 978, doi: 10.4289/ 0013-8797-110.4.978.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Flies of Maine
    THE BLACK FLIES OF MAINE L.S. Bauer and J. Granett Department of Entomology University of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME 04469 Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 95 May 1979 LS-\ F.\PFRi\ii-Nr Si \IION TK HNK \I BUI I HIN 9? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. Ivan McDaniel for his involvement in the USDA-funding of this project. We thank him for his assistance at the beginning of this project in loaning us literature, equipment, and giving us pointers on taxonomy. He also aided the second author on a number of collection trips and identified a number of collection specimens. We thank Edward R. Bauer, Lt. Lewis R. Boobar, Mr. Thomas Haskins. Ms. Leslie Schimmel, Mr. James Eckler, and Mr. Jan Nyrop for assistance in field collections, sorting, and identifications. Mr. Ber- nie May made the electrophoretic identifications. This project was supported by grant funds from the United States Department of Agriculture under CSRS agreement No. 616-15-94 and Regional Project NE 118, Hatch funds, and the Maine Towns of Brad­ ford, Brownville. East Millinocket, Enfield, Lincoln, Millinocket. Milo, Old Town. Orono. and Maine counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the State of Maine. The electrophoretic work was supported in part by a faculty research grant from the University of Maine at Orono. INTRODUCTION Black flies have been long-time residents of Maine and cause exten­ sive nuisance problems for people, domestic animals, and wildlife. The black fly problem has no simple solution because of the multitude of species present, the diverse and ecologically sensitive habitats in which they are found, and the problems inherent in measuring the extent of the damage they cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous Genus of Biting Midges
    PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3449, 67 pp., 26 ®gures, 6 tables August 23, 2004 Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous Genus of Biting Midges Yet Living in Western Australia: a New Species, First Description of the Immatures and Discussion of Their Biology and Phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) ART BORKENT1 AND DOUGLAS A. CRAIG2 ABSTRACT The eggs and all four larval instars of Austroconops mcmillani Wirth and Lee and A. annettae Borkent, new species, are described. The pupa of A. mcmillani is also described. Life cycles and details of behavior of each life stage are reported, including feeding by the aquatic larvae on microscopic organisms in very wet soil/detritus, larval locomotion, female adult biting habits on humans and kangaroos, and male adult swarming. Austroconops an- nettae Borkent, new species, is attributed to the ®rst author. Cladistic analysis shows that the two extant Austroconops Wirth and Lee species are sister species. Increasingly older fossil species of Austroconops represent increasingly earlier line- ages. Among extant lineages, Austroconops is the sister group of Leptoconops Skuse, and together they form the sister group of all other Ceratopogonidae. Dasyhelea Kieffer is the sister group of Forcipomyia Meigen 1 Atrichopogon Kieffer, and together they form the sister group of the Ceratopogoninae. Forcipomyia has no synapomorphies and may be paraphyletic in relation to Atrichopogon. Austroconops is morphologically conservative (possesses many plesiomorphic features) in each life stage and this allows for interpretation of a number of features within Ceratopogonidae and other Culicomorpha. A new interpretation of Cretaceous fossil lineages shows that Austroconops, Leptoconops, Minyohelea Borkent, Jordanoconops 1 Royal British Columbia Museum, American Museum of Natural History, and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
    [Show full text]
  • &WILDLIFE Tlmber/FISH/WILDLIFE ECOREGION BIOASSESSMENT
    53 TFW-WQl l-92-001 &WILDLIFE TlMBER/FISH/WILDLIFE ECOREGION BIOASSESSMENT PILOT PROJECT July 1992 Ecology Publica.tion No. 92-63 prinred on recycled paper The Department of Ecology is an Equal Opportunity and Ajinnative Action employer and shall not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, age, religion, or disability as defined by applicable state and/orfederal regulations or statutes. If you have special accommodation needs, please contact the Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, Wutershed Assessments Section, Barbara Tovrea at (206) 407-6696 (voice). Ecology’s telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) number at Ecology Headquarters is (206) 407-6006. For additional copies of this publication, please contact: Department of Ecology Publications Disttibutions Ofice at P. 0. Box 47600 Olympia, Washington 98504-7600 (206) 407-7472 Refer to Publication Number 92-6.3 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY &WILDLIFE TIMBER/FISH/WILDLIFE ECOREGION BIOASSESSMENT PILOT PROJECT by Robert W. Plotnikoff Washington State Department of Ecology Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program Watershed Assessments Section Olympia, Washington 98504-7710 July 1.992 TABLE OF C:ONTENTS LISTOFTABLES . ..iii LIST OF FIGURES . ” . I ,, I . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................... vi ABSTRACT ........................................... .v ii INTRODUCTION Biological Assessment ................................... 1 Integration of Monitoring
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) of Finland
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 441: 37–46Checklist (2014) of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae... 37 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7532 CHECKLIST www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) of Finland Jukka Salmela1, Lauri Paasivirta2, Gunnar M. Kvifte3 1 Metsähallitus, Natural Heritage Services, P.O. Box 8016, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland 2 Ruuhikosken- katu 17 B 5, 24240 Salo, Finland 3 Department of Limnology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel-Oberzwehren, Germany Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Kahanpää | Received 17 March 2014 | Accepted 22 May 2014 | Published 19 September 2014 http://zoobank.org/87CA3FF8-F041-48E7-8981-40A10BACC998 Citation: Salmela J, Paasivirta L, Kvifte GM (2014) Checklist of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) of Finland. In: Kahanpää J, Salmela J (Eds) Checklist of the Diptera of Finland. ZooKeys 441: 37–46. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7532 Abstract A checklist of the families Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) recorded from Finland is given. Four species, Dixella dyari Garret, 1924 (Dixidae), Threticus tridactilis (Kincaid, 1899), Panimerus albifacies (Tonnoir, 1919) and P. przhiboroi Wagner, 2005 (Psychodidae) are reported for the first time from Finland. Keywords Finland, Diptera, species list, biodiversity, faunistics Introduction Psychodidae or moth flies are an intermediately diverse family of nematocerous flies, comprising over 3000 species world-wide (Pape et al. 2011). Its taxonomy is still very unstable, and multiple conflicting classifications exist (Duckhouse 1987, Vaillant 1990, Ježek and van Harten 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents 2
    Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists (SAFIT) List of Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Taxa from California and Adjacent States including Standard Taxonomic Effort Levels 1 March 2011 Austin Brady Richards and D. Christopher Rogers Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Acknowledgments 5 2.0 Standard Taxonomic Effort 5 2.1 Rules for Developing a Standard Taxonomic Effort Document 5 2.2 Changes from the Previous Version 6 2.3 The SAFIT Standard Taxonomic List 6 3.0 Methods and Materials 7 3.1 Habitat information 7 3.2 Geographic Scope 7 3.3 Abbreviations used in the STE List 8 3.4 Life Stage Terminology 8 4.0 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 8 5.0 Literature Cited 9 Appendix I. The SAFIT Standard Taxonomic Effort List 10 Phylum Silicea 11 Phylum Cnidaria 12 Phylum Platyhelminthes 14 Phylum Nemertea 15 Phylum Nemata 16 Phylum Nematomorpha 17 Phylum Entoprocta 18 Phylum Ectoprocta 19 Phylum Mollusca 20 Phylum Annelida 32 Class Hirudinea Class Branchiobdella Class Polychaeta Class Oligochaeta Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata, Subclass Acari 35 Subphylum Crustacea 47 Subphylum Hexapoda Class Collembola 69 Class Insecta Order Ephemeroptera 71 Order Odonata 95 Order Plecoptera 112 Order Hemiptera 126 Order Megaloptera 139 Order Neuroptera 141 Order Trichoptera 143 Order Lepidoptera 165 2 Order Coleoptera 167 Order Diptera 219 3 1.0 Introduction The Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists (SAFIT) is charged through its charter to develop standardized levels for the taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates in support of bioassessment. This document defines the standard levels of taxonomic effort (STE) for bioassessment data compatible with the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) bioassessment protocols (Ode, 2007) or similar procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • AKES Newsletter 2016
    Newsletter of the Alaska Entomological Society Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2016 In this issue: A history and update of the Kenelm W. Philip Col- lection, currently housed at the University of Alaska Museum ................... 23 Announcing the UAF Entomology Club ...... 1 The Blackberry Skeletonizer, Schreckensteinia fes- Bombus occidentalis in Alaska and the need for fu- taliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Schreckensteini- ture study (Hymenoptera: Apidae) ........ 2 idae) in Alaska ................... 26 New findings of twisted-wing parasites (Strep- Northern spruce engraver monitoring in wind- siptera) in Alaska .................. 6 damaged forests in the Tanana River Valley of Asian gypsy moths and Alaska ........... 9 Interior Alaska ................... 28 Non-marine invertebrates of the St. Matthew Is- An overview of ongoing research: Arthropod lands, Bering Sea, Alaska ............. 11 abundance and diversity at Olive-sided Fly- Food review: Urocerus flavicornis (Fabricius) (Hy- catcher nest sites in interior Alaska ........ 29 menoptera: Siricidae) ............... 20 Glocianus punctiger (Sahlberg, 1835) (Coleoptera: The spruce aphid, a non-native species, is increas- Curculionidae) common in Soldotna ....... 32 ing in range and activity throughout coastal Review of the ninth annual meeting ........ 34 Alaska ........................ 21 Upcoming Events ................... 37 Announcing the UAF Entomology Club by Adam Haberski nights featuring classic “B-movie” horror films. Future plans include an entomophagy bake sale, summer collect- I am pleased to announce the formation of the Univer- ing trips, and sending representatives to the International sity of Alaska Fairbanks Entomology Club. The club was Congress of Entomology in Orlando Florida this Septem- conceived by students from the fall semester entomology ber. course to bring together undergraduate and graduate stu- The Entomology Club would like to collaborate with dents with an interest in entomology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Artificial Illumination on Invertebrate Drift
    The effects of artificial illumination on invertebrate drift Effekten av artificiellt ljus på evertebratdrift Sandra Andersson Faculty of Health, Science and Technology Biology 15 hp Supervisor: Olle Calles Examiner: Larry Greenberg 2015-02-18 Serial number: 15:77 Abstract For the past century, humans have drastically increased the use of artificial light all over the world. This is causing many problems for other organisms. Daytime feeders extend their activity into the night, which causes an increase in predation pressure on their prey. This study focused on macroinvertebrate drift and how it is affected by artificial light. A street light was placed at a Welsh river, and drift nets were staggered across the stream. The stream was then exposed to three different light treatments: (1) the lights were on all night, (2) the lights were off all night (3) the lights were on from 20.30 to 24.00 and then turned off. The results showed that species richness was lower in the net nearest the street light when the light was on for the first part of the night. This indicated a light sensitivity in some invertebrate species in the stream. Drift abundance was lower when the light was on throughout the whole night and when the light was on for the first part of the night than when the lights were never on. This difference was found in the net furthest away from the street light. Two possible explanations for this are: (1) the statistical significance was spurious, (2) There was a local difference in species composition. Some invertebrate species are especially vulnerable to predatory fish, and the difference in drift abundance for one of the nets could have been an indication of the presence of predatory fish in the stream.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta Diptera) in Freshwater (Excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel
    Entomology Publications Entomology 2008 Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel Miroslav Barták Czech University of Agriculture Art Borkent Salmon Arm Gregory W. Courtney Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs BoudewPart ofijn the GoBddeeiodivrisersity Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the TRoyerarle Bestrlgiialan a Indnstit Aquaute of Nticat uErcaol Scienlogyce Cs ommons TheSee nex tompc page forle addte bitioniblaiol agruthorapshic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/41. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Abstract Today’s knowledge of worldwide species diversity of 19 families of aquatic Diptera in Continental Waters is presented. Nevertheless, we have to face for certain in most groups a restricted knowledge about distribution, ecology and systematic,
    [Show full text]
  • Estudo Taxonômico De Maruina Müller, 1895 (Diptera: Psychodidae) Do Brasil /Jéssica Luna Camico
    INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA-INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA – PPG-ENT Estudo taxonômico de Maruina Müller, 1895 (Diptera: Psychodidae) do Brasil JÉSSICA LUNA CAMICO Manaus – Amazonas Março de 2017 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA-INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA – PPG-ENT Estudo taxonômico de Maruina Müller, 1895 (Diptera: Psychodidae) do Brasil JÉSSICA LUNA CAMICO Orientador: Dr. Danilo Pacheco Cordeiro Coorientadora: Dra. Cínthia Barreto Chagas Vieira Coorientador: Dr. José Albertino Rafael Dissertação apresentada á Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, do convenio INPA, como parte dos requisitos para observação do titulo de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Entomologia Manaus – Amazonas Março de 2017 C183 Camico, Jéssica Luna Estudo taxonômico de Maruina Müller, 1895 (Diptera: Psychodidae) do Brasil /Jéssica Luna Camico . --- Manaus: [s.n.], 2017. xi, 58 f.: il. Dissertação (Mestrado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2017. Orientador: Danilo Pacheco Cordeiro Área de concentração: Entomologia 1. Maruina . 2.Diptera. 3. Taxonomia . I. Título. CDD 595.77 Sinopse: Maruina Müller, 1895 está classificado dentro da tribo de Maruinini, na qual foi proposto com base em tres espécies, M aruina. pilosella, M. spinosa e M. ursula. A taxonomia desse gênero foi pouco estudada, contudo no Brasil são conhecidas nove espécies, reportadas apenas para as regiões nordeste, sudeste e sul. Os espécimes estudados provêm das coleções do INPA, MZUSP e LACM. Neste trabalho foram estudados os tipos das espécies brasileira: Maruina barrettoi, M. duckhousei, M. garota, M. guria, M. jezeki e M. menina, M.namorada e foram encontrada cinco espécies novas para o Brasil. Palavra-chave: 1.
    [Show full text]