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Predicting, Measuring, and Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrate Biodiversity on Dryland Military Bases

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Predicting, Measuring, and Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrate Biodiversity on Dryland Military Bases FINAL REPORT Predicting, Measuring, and Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrate Biodiversity on Dryland Military Bases SERDP Project RC-2203 DECEMBER 2016 Dr. David A. Lytle Oregon State University Dr. Julian D. Olden University of Washington Dr. Rachata Muneepeerakul University of Florida Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 15-12-2016 Final report Jan 2012 through Dec 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER RC-2203 PREDICTING, MEASURING, AND MONITORING AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE 5b. GRANT NUMBER BIODIVERSITY ON DRYLAND MILITARY BASES 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER David A. Lytle, Julian D. Olden, Rachata Muneepeerakul 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Oregon State University, Corvallis; NUMBER University of Washington, Seattle University of Florida, Gainesville 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Public Distribution 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Aquatic habitats are among the most imperiled habitats on dryland military installations, yet they harbor a disproportionately high amount of biodiversity given the small land area they cover. Aquatic invertebrates (insects and allied taxa) constitute a major part of this biodiversity and form a critical part of the food web that sustains aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial organisms, including Federally Threatened or Endangered species. Biodiversity in dryland aquatic habitats is strongly influenced by spatial and temporal variability, which presents challenges for predicting how management decisions on military lands could affect landscape-scale patterns of aquatic invertebrate biodiversity. This project integrates mathematical modeling, invertebrate sampling, and statistical estimation to understand and measure biodiversity of aquatic invertebrates on dryland military bases. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area Final Report 153 code) 541-737-1068 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank Team Members Dr. Tiffany Schriever, Postdoctoral Scholar, Oregon State University (currently: Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Western Michigan University) Dr. Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Postdoctoral Scholar, Oregon State University (currently: research faculty, University of Barcelona) Dr. Masatoshi Katabuchi, Postdoctoral Scholar, University of Florida Dr. Xingli Giam, Postdoctoral Scholar, University of Washington Richard Van Driesche, Faculty Research Associate, Oregon State University Michael Bogan, PhD student, Oregon State University (currently: Assistant Professor, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Arizona) Kate Boersma, PhD student, Oregon State University (currently: Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, San Diego University) Emily Hartfield Kirk, PhD student, Oregon State University Haley Ohms, PhD student, Oregon State University Xiaoli Dong, PhD student, Arizona State University (currently: postdoctoral researcher, Duke University) Will Chen, PhD student, University of Washington Alec Shields, undergraduate, Department of Computer Science, Oregon State University Jasper LaFortune, undergraduate, Department of Computer Science, Oregon State University Tyler Skelton, undergraduate, Department of Computer Science, Oregon State University ii Page Intentionally Left Blank Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... ix Keywords ....................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... x Summary and management recommendations ............................................................................... 1 1 Generation of aquatic invertebrate biodiversity database ........................................................ 4 1.1 Initial site visits with base managers ................................................................................ 4 1.2 Field sampling of aquatic insects ..................................................................................... 4 1.3 Sample processing ............................................................................................................ 9 2 Resistance and resilience of invertebrate communities to seasonal and supraseasonal drought in arid-land streams ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Study region and streams ............................................................................................... 15 2.4 Changes in species richness and community composition along a drying gradient ...... 17 2.5 Resistance and resilience to seasonal and supraseasonal drought: recovery following rewetting .................................................................................................................................... 21 2.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 25 2.7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 26 3 Linking multidimensional functional diversity to quantitative methods: A graphical hypothesis-evaluation framework ................................................................................................. 27 3.1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 27 3.3 A graphical hypothesis framework ................................................................................ 29 3.4 Combinations of metrics ................................................................................................ 38 3.5 A case study ................................................................................................................... 39 3.6 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 40 3.7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 41 iii 4 Using niche-based occupancy models to estimate probability of species occurrence. ......... 42 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Model selection .............................................................................................................
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