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Permanent Settlement' Sought To Abhipedia T20 (DAY 2 QUESTIONS) 1. Lord Cornwallis through the introduction of ' Permanent Settlement' sought to: 1. create a wealthy and privileged class of zamindars loyal to the British empire in India. 2. provide stability of income to East India company. 3. extend cultivation and improve agricultural productivity. Select the correct answer using the code given below. a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Explanation: (D) The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. It had two special features: Firstly, the zamindars and revenue collectors were converted into so many landlords. They were not only to act as agents of the Government in collecting land revenue from the ryot but also to become the owners of the entire land in their zamindaris. Their right of ownership was made hereditary and transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long-standing rights to the soil and other customary rights. 2. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? Terms Meaning 1. Abwab : Extra legal charges extracted by Amils. 2. Hundi : Bill of Exchange. 3. Patta : Written agreement between the peasants and the landowners. Choose the correct code a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1,2 and 3 d) 1 and 3 only Explanation- (option-b is correct) Abwab was the legal charges exacted by the landlords 3. Consider the following statements about East India Company. 1. Portuguese had already established their presence in Goa, by the time British could sail over Indian Ocean. 2. Aurangzeb's farman had granted Company the right to carry private trade. 3. Battle of Plassey was the first major victory of EIC led by Hastings. Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1,2 and 3 Answer- A 4. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below. List I List II (Governor-General) (Significant Events) A. Lord Wellesley 1. Widow Remarriage Act B. Sir John Shore 2. Third Maratha War C. Lord Dalhousie 3. Subsidiary Alliance system Codes A B C D (a) 4 2 1 3 (b) 3 4 2 1 (c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 1 2 3 4 4. Answer- C 1. Lord Wellesley- Subsidiary Alliance system 2. Sir John Shore- Charter Act of 1793 3. Lord Dalhousie- Widow Remarriage Act 4. Lord Hastings- Third Maratha War 5. In the Maratha rule, the most popular unit of land revenue measurement was (a) Gaj (b) Kathi (c) Jarib (d) Janjit 5. Answer- 2nd option is correct. In the early decades of maratha rule, the most popular unit of land revenue measurement was kathi. 6. ‘Warren Hastings, on his return to Britain, was impeached by the Parliament for nearly twenty cases.’ Which, among the following was, however, not one of the cases for which he was impeached? (a) His treatment with the Rohillas (b) His treatment of Nawab of Avadh (c) His treatment with Raja Chet Singh of Banaras (d) The case of the Begums of Avadh 2nd option is correct i.e. His treatment of Nawab of Avadh 7. Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of the Ryotwari system? 1. It was the brainchild of Thomas Munro 2. It was meant to reduce intermediaries 3. Cultivating peasants were gradually impoverished by the system 4. It was introduced in parts of Madras and Bengal Presidency Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 7 B The system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Munro at the end of the 18th century and introduced by the latter when he was governor (1820–27) of Madras (now Chennai). The principle was the direct collection of the land revenue from each individual cultivator by government agents. 8. Which of the historical events took place during the period of Lord Curzon? 1. A police commission was appointed under the presidentship of Andrew Fraser to enquire into the police administration of every province. 2. Indian Universities Act was passed which sought to increase official control over universities 3. Ancient Monuments Act was passed. 4. The Calcutta Reorganization Act reduced the strength of elected members in the municipal committees. Select the correct code: (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1,2,3 and 4 8. Answer- D Lord Curzon served as Governor General and Viceroy of India from 6 January 1899 to 18 November 1905. Important events during his tenure include Famine of 1899-1900 {Chappania Akal}, Appointment of Famine Commission {under Sir Anthony McDonnell}, Commission on Irrigation {under Colin Scott Moncrieff}, Police Commission {under Andrew Frazer}, Education Commission {aka Raleigh Commission}, enactment of Indian Universities Act, 1904, Land Resolution of 1902, Punjab Land Alienation Act 1900, Establishment of Imperial Departments of Agriculture and Commerce, Industry; Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act, 1899; establishment of a training college for army officers at Quetta; Calcutta Corporation Act, 1899; Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1904; Military expedition to Tibet, Occupation of Chumby Valley and the most hated Partition of Bengal. His policy resulted in deep discontent and the upsurge of a revolutionary movement in the country, due to which he can be called most unpopular Viceroy of India. His tenure is called Curzonshahi {akin to Nadirshahi}. 9. With respect to the policy of "Doctrine of Lapse" consider the following statements: 1. The adopted son could be the heir for his foster fathers private property. 2. Lord Dalhousie is the real originator of this policy. 3. Awadh was the last province to be annexed under this policy. Which of the above statement is/are correct ? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 2 and 3 only Answer- A Explanation- The adopted son could be the heir for his foster fathers private property but not the state. Before Dalhousie, Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the EIC in 1820 acquired few petty Cis- Sutlej states on the absence of heirs.Though this policy is attributed to Lord Dalhousie, he was not the real originator. Awadh was annexed on account of misgovernmentbut "Policy of Lapse". 10. Consider the following statements about the education policy of British in India and identify the correct one. a) The main aim of the education policy was to create a class of educated Indians to fill the subordinate posts in administration of India. b) The British education policy aimed to impart modern education to Indians in local vernaculars to ensure mass education. c) From very beginning the British education policy focused on female education on a mass scale to bring about social equality in society. d) The education introduced by British laid great emphasis on scientific and technical education. 10. Answer- A Explanation: With the advent of British, their policies and measures breached the legacies of traditional schools of learning and this resulted in the need for creating class of subordinates. To achieve this goal, they instituted a number of acts to create an Indian canvas of English colour through the education system. The education policy introduced only to produce “cheap clerks” who could help them in administration in their pursuit of economic subjugation of India. 11. Which one of the following correctly explains the ‘Policy of ring fence’, adopted by British East India Company? a) Policy of aligning with smaller princely states surrounding powerful kingdoms. b) Policy of fortification of ports along the coastline of India at strategically relevant and commercially viable locations. c) Foreign policy of establishing base around French colonies. d) Defence policy of guarding the frontiers of neighbors to safeguard their own territories Answer- Answer: D Explanation: It was the policy of creating buffer states around the Company’s territories. The idea was purely that of defence of the frontiers of the Company. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. 12. Which of the following events is not related to tenure of Lord Lytton as the Governor General of India? (a) Creation of Statutory Civil Services. (b) The Second Afghan War. (c) Passing of the Vernacular Press Act. (d) Passing of First Factory Act 12. Answer- D The First Factory Act was passed in 1881 by lord Ripon, Successor of Lord Lytton. The Statutory Civil Services was created in 1878-89. Under this the Government could employ some Indians of “good family and standing” to the SCC on the recommendation of the Provincial Governments, subject to the final approval of the Secretary of States for India. The vernacular press Act was passed in 1878 to control the publications in oriental/Vernacular languages. Under this a magistrate was empowered to call for any publisher to furnish a bond undertaking not to publish content considered as degrading the British Government. He could demand security and forfeit it, and could seize the printing equipment. 13. First Factory Act was introduced by Lord Ripon in 1881 to improve the condition of factory workers in India. Which of the following were not the provisions of this Act? 1. The Act banned the appointment of children below 10 years of age. 2. The working hours for women were reduced to 8 hours a day. 3. It made compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to the workers.
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