Permanent Settlement' Sought To

Abhipedia T20 (DAY 2 QUESTIONS)

1. Lord Cornwallis through the introduction of ' Permanent Settlement' sought to:

1. create a wealthy and privileged class of zamindars loyal to the British empire in India.

2. provide stability of income to East India company.

3. extend cultivation and improve agricultural productivity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

a) 1 and 2 only

b) 2 only

c) 1 and 3 only

d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation: (D) The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. It had two special features: Firstly, the zamindars and revenue collectors were converted into so many landlords. They were not only to act as agents of the Government in collecting land revenue from the ryot but also to become the owners of the entire land in their zamindaris. Their right of ownership was made hereditary and transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long-standing rights to the soil and other customary rights.

2. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

Terms Meaning

1. Abwab : Extra legal charges extracted by Amils.

2. Hundi : Bill of Exchange.

3. Patta : Written agreement between the peasants and the landowners.

Choose the correct code a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1,2 and 3 d) 1 and 3 only

Explanation- (option-b is correct)

Abwab was the legal charges exacted by the landlords

3. Consider the following statements about East India Company.

1. Portuguese had already established their presence in Goa, by the time British could sail over Indian Ocean.

2. Aurangzeb's farman had granted Company the right to carry private trade. 3. Battle of Plassey was the first major victory of EIC led by Hastings.

Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1,2 and 3

Answer- A

4. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below.

List I List II

(Governor-General) (Significant Events)

A. Lord Wellesley 1. Widow Remarriage Act

B. Sir John Shore 2. Third Maratha War

C. Lord Dalhousie 3. Subsidiary Alliance system

Codes

A B C D

(a) 4 2 1 3

(b) 3 4 2 1

4. Answer- C

1. Lord Wellesley- Subsidiary Alliance system

2. Sir John Shore- Charter Act of 1793

3. Lord Dalhousie- Widow Remarriage Act

4. Lord Hastings- Third Maratha War

5. In the Maratha rule, the most popular unit of land revenue measurement was

(a) Gaj

(b) Kathi

(d) Janjit

5. Answer- 2nd option is correct. In the early decades of maratha rule, the most popular unit of land revenue measurement was kathi.

6. ‘Warren Hastings, on his return to Britain, was impeached by the Parliament for nearly twenty cases.’ Which, among the following was, however, not one of the cases for which he was impeached? (a) His treatment with the Rohillas

(b) His treatment of Nawab of Avadh

(d) The case of the Begums of Avadh

2nd option is correct i.e. His treatment of Nawab of Avadh

7. Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of the Ryotwari system?

1. It was the brainchild of Thomas Munro

2. It was meant to reduce intermediaries

3. Cultivating peasants were gradually impoverished by the system

4. It was introduced in parts of Madras and Bengal Presidency

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 1, 2 and 3

(d) 2, 3 and 4

7 B The system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Munro at the end of the 18th century and introduced by the latter when he was governor (1820–27) of Madras (now Chennai). The principle was the direct collection of the land revenue from each individual cultivator by government agents.

8. Which of the historical events took place during the period of Lord Curzon?

1. A police commission was appointed under the presidentship of Andrew Fraser to enquire into the police administration of every province.

2. Indian Universities Act was passed which sought to increase official control over universities

3. Ancient Monuments Act was passed.

4. The Calcutta Reorganization Act reduced the strength of elected members in the municipal committees.

Select the correct code:

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 1, 2 and 4

(d) 1,2,3 and 4 8. Answer- D

Lord Curzon served as Governor General and Viceroy of India from 6 January 1899 to 18 November 1905. Important events during his tenure include Famine of 1899-1900 {Chappania Akal}, Appointment of Famine Commission {under Sir Anthony McDonnell}, Commission on Irrigation {under Colin Scott Moncrieff}, Police Commission {under Andrew Frazer}, Education Commission {aka Raleigh Commission}, enactment of Indian Universities Act, 1904, Land Resolution of 1902, Punjab Land Alienation Act 1900, Establishment of Imperial Departments of Agriculture and Commerce, Industry; Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act, 1899; establishment of a training college for army officers at Quetta; Calcutta Corporation Act, 1899; Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1904; Military expedition to Tibet, Occupation of Chumby Valley and the most hated Partition of Bengal. His policy resulted in deep discontent and the upsurge of a revolutionary movement in the country, due to which he can be called most unpopular Viceroy of India. His tenure is called Curzonshahi {akin to Nadirshahi}.

9. With respect to the policy of "Doctrine of Lapse" consider the following statements:

1. The adopted son could be the heir for his foster fathers private property.

2. Lord Dalhousie is the real originator of this policy.

3. Awadh was the last province to be annexed under this policy. Which of the above statement is/are correct ? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 2 and 3 only

Answer- A

Explanation- The adopted son could be the heir for his foster fathers private property but not the state. Before Dalhousie, Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the EIC in 1820 acquired few petty Cis- Sutlej states on the absence of heirs.Though this policy is attributed to Lord Dalhousie, he was not the real originator. Awadh was annexed on account of misgovernmentbut "Policy of Lapse".

10. Consider the following statements about the education policy of British in India and identify the correct one. a) The main aim of the education policy was to create a class of educated Indians to fill the subordinate posts in administration of India. b) The British education policy aimed to impart modern education to Indians in local vernaculars to ensure mass education. c) From very beginning the British education policy focused on female education on a mass scale to bring about social equality in society. d) The education introduced by British laid great emphasis on scientific and technical education.

10. Answer- A

Explanation:

With the advent of British, their policies and measures breached the legacies of traditional schools of learning and this resulted in the need for creating class of subordinates. To achieve this goal, they instituted a number of acts to create an Indian canvas of English colour through the education system.

The education policy introduced only to produce “cheap clerks” who could help them in administration in their pursuit of economic subjugation of India.

11. Which one of the following correctly explains the ‘Policy of ring fence’, adopted by British East India Company? a) Policy of aligning with smaller princely states surrounding powerful kingdoms. b) Policy of fortification of ports along the coastline of India at strategically relevant and commercially viable locations. c) Foreign policy of establishing base around French colonies. d) Defence policy of guarding the frontiers of neighbors to safeguard their own territories

Answer- Answer: D

Explanation: It was the policy of creating buffer states around the Company’s territories. The idea was purely that of defence of the frontiers of the Company. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories.

12. Which of the following events is not related to tenure of Lord Lytton as the Governor General of India?

(a) Creation of Statutory Civil Services.

(b) The Second Afghan War.

(d) Passing of First Factory Act

12. Answer- D The First Factory Act was passed in 1881 by lord Ripon, Successor of Lord Lytton. The Statutory Civil Services was created in 1878-89. Under this the Government could employ some Indians of “good family and standing” to the SCC on the recommendation of the Provincial Governments, subject to the final approval of the Secretary of States for India.

The vernacular press Act was passed in 1878 to control the publications in oriental/Vernacular languages. Under this a magistrate was empowered to call for any publisher to furnish a bond undertaking not to publish content considered as degrading the British Government. He could demand security and forfeit it, and could seize the printing equipment.

13. First Factory Act was introduced by Lord Ripon in 1881 to improve the condition of factory workers in India. Which of the following were not the provisions of this Act?

1. The Act banned the appointment of children below 10 years of age.

2. The working hours for women were reduced to 8 hours a day.

3. It made compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to the workers.

Select the code from the following:

(a) 1&2 only (b) 2&3 only

(d) None of the above

13. Answer- A

Explanation- Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of 1881 to improve the service condition of the factory workers in India. The Act banned the appointment of children below the age of seven in factories. It reduced the working hours for children. It made compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to the workers.

14. Which of these can be said to be deciding battles after which the East India Company became a political power in India?

a) Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Battle of Buxar in 1764 b) Battle of Bandiwash in 1762 and Battle of Panipat in 1785 c) Battle of Surat in 1754 and Battle of Tuicorin in 1772 d) Battle of Turicorin in 1772 and Battle of Plassey in 1757

14. A

The Battle of Buxar was fought between British East India Company and the combined forces of Nawabs and the Mughal Emperor leading to the victory of the British.It led to the signing of the Allahabad Treaty in 1765. With the defeat of Mir Kasim, the rule of Nawabs came to an end.Diwani rights or fiscal rights were secured which meant that the British would administer and manage revenues of large areas which included the present-day West Bengal, Jharkhand,Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as of Bangladesh.

15. Consider the following statements:

1. King was the owner of the land in Mughal reign, under British ownership was with Zamindars and peasants.

2. While Mughals wanted Land revenue to be paid in return for protection and justice while it was for the profit in case of British.

Which of the above statement is/are correct ? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2

15. Answer- C • Under the Mughals, surplus produce was the land revenue, in some cases it was a tax on the crop which was the main source of state's income. While, British regarded the land revenue as rent of the soil.

• King was the owner of the land in Mughal reign, under British ownership was with Zamindars according to permanent settlement and with peasants under Ryotwari system.

• While Mughals wanted Land revenue to be paid in return for protection and justice while it was for the profit in case of British.

16. Which among the following Acts introduced the concept of “Civil Laws” in India ? a) Charter Act of 1793 b) Charter Act of 1813 c) Charter Act of 1833 d) GOI Act 1858

16. Answer- A

The Charter Act of 1793 renewed the charter of the Co. for 20 years , giving it possession of all territories in India during that period. In Indian adminitrarion, the governor general’s power over the council was extended and the Governor’s of Bombay and Madras were brought more decisively under his control.. A regular code of all regulations that could be enacted for the internal govt of the British territories in Bengal was framed. The regulations applied to all Rights, Person and Property of the Indian people and it bound all Courts to regulate their decision by the rules and directives contained therein. All laws were to be printed with translations in Indian languages, so that people could know of their rights, privileges and immunities. The act thus introduced in India the concept of a “Civil Law” in India.

17. Consider the following statements:

1. The foundation of Orientalist tradition in India was laid down by William Jones.

2. Asiatic Society of India was the first institution in India meant to promote the study of Indian languages.

Which of the above is/are correct ? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2

17. Answer- A

Calcutta Madrasa- 1781, Asiatic Society of Bengal- 1784 and Sanskrit College in Banaras- 1794

18. Lord Wellesley's expansion policy was discontinued by East India Company for which of the following reasons?

1. Expansion through war was costly and was reducing the profit of company.

2. The Company decided to reward the loyalty of the princely states.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

18. Answer: A

Explanation: 1)The shareholders of the East India Company discovered that the policy of expansion through war was proving costly and was reducing their profits. The Company‘s debt had increased from £17 million in 1797 to £31 million in 1806. Moreover, Britain‘s finances were getting exhausted at a time when Napoleon was once again becoming a major threat in Europe.

British statesmen and the directors of the Company felt that time had come to check further expansion, to put an end to ruinous expenditure, and to digest and consolidate Britain‘s recent gains in India. Wellesley was, therefore, recalled from India. 2) It was the reason to discontinue annexation after revolt of 1857

19. With reference to reign of nizam ul mulk Asaf jha consider the following statements:

1. He founded the state of hyderabad.

2. He openly declare his indepence from mughal empire.

3. He did not allow hindus to be appointed as officers in administration. which of the above statements are correct ?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 and 3

(D) 1 2 and 3

19. Answer: A

Explanation: The state of hyderabad founded by Nizam ul mulk asaf jha in 1724. He is one of the leading noble of post aurangjeb empire. but soon he got frustrated with that office as emperor muhammad shah frustrated all his attempts at reforming the administration.so he decided to go back to deccan and maintain his supremacy . He never declare his independence openly from central govt. He followed a tolerant policy towards hindus

20. With reference to the land revenue system under British India, consider the following statements: 1. In Ryotwari system, ownership rights were given to the actual tillers whereas in Mahalwari System, the ownership rights were vested in village headman.

2. Zamindari system contributed to the growth of absentee landlordism.

3. Zamindars were strictly required to pay their revenues punctually to the government, without any claim for remission and reduction.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 3 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3

20. Answer: b

Explanation: In both the land revenue policy, Ryotwari System and Mahalwari System, ownership rights were handed over to the Ryots (actual cultivators)

21. With reference to the treaty of subsidiary alliance, consider the following statements:

1. It forbade the Princely rulers from having an independent armed force.

2. Tipu Sultan of Mysore accepted the alliance only after his defeat in fourth Anglo-Mysore war. 3. It was an extension of ring fence policy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 2 only

21. Answer: b

Explanation: The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an alliance. Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to do so, but after the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state (Tipu Sultan died in Fourth Anglo-Mysore War).

22. Consider the following events:

1. First Carnatic war

2. Establishment of dual government in Bengal

3. Establishment of Supreme Court at Calcutta

4. First Anglo Maratha war

Select the correct chronological order of the events : a) 4 - 1 - 3 - 2 b) 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 c) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 d) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3

Answer: C

Explanation:

1. First Carnatic War 1746 – 1748

2. Establishment of dual government in Bengal 1765-72

3. Establishment of Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Calcutta (Kolkata) 1774

4. First Anglo Maratha war 1775-1

23. Which one of the following European trading companies adopted the “Blue Water Policy” in India?

(a)Dutch company

(b)French company

(c)Portuguese company

(d)British East India company

23. Answer- C

Explanation: Portuguese trading company adopted the ‘Blue Water Policy’ in India. Francisco de Almeida became the 1st Portuguese viceroy in India initiated the Blue Water Policy, which aimed at the Portuguese Mastery of the Sea and confined Portuguese relationship with India only for the purpose of trade and commerce.

24. Which of the following statements is not correct about the economic impact of British rule on India in the 19th century? a) The gradual disappearance of Indian rulers affected indigenous industries. b) Most of industrial cities of India were ruined. c) Export of raw materials like cotton adversely impacted Indian handicrafts. d) Decay of traditional industries was accompanied by growth of modern machine industries

24. Answer: D

Explanation:

1. In the 19th century, the gradual disappearance of Indian rulers and their courts, who were the main customers of town handicrafts, gave a big blow to these industries

2. The British policy of exporting raw materials like cotton and leather also injured Indian handicrafts.

3. It raised the price of these raw materials and reduced the capacity of Indian handicrafts to compete with foreign goods. 4. Consequently, the ruined handicraftsmen and artisans failed to find alternative employment. The only choice open to them was to crowd into agriculture