DOCSLIB.ORG

Ucin1147886544.Pdf (4.5

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ucin1147886544.Pdf (4.5 UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date:___________________ I, _________________________________________________________, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: in: It is entitled: This work and its defense approved by: Chair: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Citizenship and National Identity in Post-Partition Bengal, 1947-65. A Dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy In the Department of History of the College of Arts and Sciences 19 April 2006 By Haimanti Roy M. A. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 1998. B. A. Presidency College, Kolkata, India, 1996 Committee Chair: Barbara N Ramusack Abstract This dissertation focuses on the Partition of Bengal in 1947 and its aftermath to 1965 to examine how India and Pakistan legitimized and symbolically reproduced markers of national identity. It argues that specific concepts of what constituted loyal citizens, Partition violence and legitimate victimhood critically influenced the establishment of post-Partition states in the Bengal region. Through the themes of national imagination, border politics, violence and refugee rehabilitation, this dissertation explores the official and unofficial processes, which sought to produce national identities of Hindus and Muslims as Indians and Pakistanis. These conflicting attempts to homogenize national identities in religious terms were contested in the post partition period, as identities based on region, language and culture competed for primacy. The dissertation argues that on the eve of Partition despite increasingly communalized spaces, multiple imaginings of nationhood existed. Political contingency rather than the historical trajectory of “communalism” guided the decision to divide Bengal. The Partition and nationhood are addressed through the examination of the social and economic impact of the new border and the sporadic violence, both physical and psychological that especially targeted minorities, Hindus in East Pakistan and Muslims in West Bengal. Along with territorial delimitation, minority citizens became intricately linked with the evolution of national identity, self definition and legitimacy of each state. The dissertation also focuses specifically on the trans-territorial relationship between the Indian state and Hindu migrants from East Pakistan who strategically claimed to be “refugees” in order to demand Indian citizenship. Finally this dissertation complicates normative discourses of national identity formation and the uncritical understanding of “secular” India and “Islamic” Pakistan. iii Acknowledgements This project, which began eight years back and has undergone many mutations and digressions, would not have reached completion without the generous support of many individuals and institutions. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, mentor and friend Barbara Ramusack for her encouraging comments, meticulous reading, sharing her vast knowledge of Indian history, teaching me the skills to become a good researcher and most importantly, keeping me on track. She has provided both intellectual support as well as a home away from home introducing me to the different facets of American academia and life in general. I am indebted to Maura O’ Connor, whose unbridled enthusiasm for my different projects at the University of Cincinnati has been a constant source of inspiration. Her friendship and support throughout my years in Cincinnati and beyond are deeply appreciated. Martin Francis and Laura Jenkins, who also served on my dissertation committee, provided incisive comments and suggestions that have greatly enriched this dissertation. I owe an intellectual debt to individuals in multiple locations and from different points of the research. In Calcutta, my teachers at Presidency College, especially Rajat K Ray significantly shaped my intellectual trajectory. Anjan Ghosh generously shared his thoughts and his research with me. Gautam Bhadra encouraged me in early 1997 to look at newspapers as a viable source for popular contemporary opinion. At Jawaharlal Nehru University, my professors taught me to think beyond historical “facts and figures” for which I am most grateful. I owe special thanks to Neeladri Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Rajat Datta and Susan Viswanathan for encouraging me to pursue a PhD. iv In Cincinnati along with the members of my dissertation committee, I have greatly benefited from discussions with Man Bun Kwan, Willard Sunderland, Laura Jenkins and Ann Twinam. Institutional support for my project has come from various sources. A pre- dissertation research grant from the Bangladesh Program of the Social Science Research Council and another from the Cincinnati Chapter of the English Speaking Union supported my initial forays to the archives libraries in Britain, India and Bangladesh. A Distinguished Dissertation Fellowship from the Graduate School at the University of Cincinnati allowed me to research extensively in London, New Delhi, Calcutta (Kolkata for those who are historically challenged) and Dhaka. A fellowship from the Charles Phelps Taft Memorial Fund enabled me to write a substantial portion of the dissertation without having to worry about material needs of the daily life of a graduate student. The assistance and interest of the librarians at the Oriental and India Office Collections, London, the Nehru Memorial and Museum Library, National Archives of India, Central Secretariat Library in New Delhi, West Bengal State Archives, Government of West Bengal Police Archives, SB Branch, National Library in Calcutta, Dhaka University Library, Bangla Academy and the Bangladesh National Archives, especially Md. Hashanuzzaman Hydari, are most appreciated. Hope Earls at the Department of History helped in smoothing out the bureaucratic aspects of being an international graduate student. Mikaila Corday at the Interlibrary Loan section of the Langsam Library at the University of Cincinnati provided valuable help in procuring relevant materials from other libraries. v In Britain, Bangladesh and India many scholars have put me in their debt for their intellectual and emotional support. In Britain Joya Chatterji extended significant suggestions about specific sources. In Bangladesh Shaukat Ali, Sonia Amin, Anisuzzaman, Ratanlal Chakrabarty, Meghna Guhathakurta, Ahmed Kamal, Ameena Mohsin and Badruddin Umar opened their hearts and homes to me. Irfat (Bithe) Ara extended comradeship during the lonely hours at the Bangladesh National Archives. Wajid Hasan Shah, Iftekhar Iqbal and Rizwana have become wonderful friends. The Daulas and the Rays were generous and gracious hosts during my time in Dhaka and introduced me to different aspects of Indian diplomacy and Bangladeshi politics. Willem Van Schendel, Gautam Ghosh, Geraldine Forbes and Ian Petrie provided thoughtful suggestions and unselfishly shared their knowledge about Bangladeshi society and history and introduced me to their friends there. Friends have been an important part of my life and this project by creating space for diversions, volatile and non-volatile discussions and camaraderie through the rigors of research and dissertation writing. Rahul Nair and Sayata Ghose have been constant companions much before this project began. The J.N.U. cohort of Varuni Bhatia, Shubhra Bhattacharjee, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Sharatee Ghosh, Mahesh Gopalan, Alita Nandi, Raisur Rahman and Aparna Vaidik provided intellectual and social adventures. My life in Cincinnati became more interesting and lively because of my friends Anuradha Agarwal, Amitava Bhaduri, Madhubanti Mukherjee, Meeta Sinha-Raghavan and Priyanka Srivastava. Credit goes to the old Presidency gang, Hira, Koel, Ranjini, Samarpita and Sangeeta for keeping in touch over the years. Thanks also to those friends who defy neat groupings, Monica Bhattacharjee, Rajoshree Bhattacharya, Prasanta vi Chakravarty, Neeti Nair, Sharmadip (Toy) Basu, S. Sasikant and Samikhsa Sherawat for making the research and writing period enjoyable. The last section of the dissertation was written amidst a move to Cambridge, MA where Nandini Manjrekar, Jeff Ravel and Cristelle Baskins made the transition to a new place a welcome experience. I am indebted to David Ciarlo for the last minute technical help that ensured that this dissertation became suitable for the digital age. This dissertation would not have been possible without the love and encouragement of my parents Haripada Roy and Gouri Roy and my sisters, Anindita Roy and Priyadarshini Roy. In addition to their unconditional support, I have greatly benefited from my father’s knowledge of the intricacies of the Indian bureaucracy. My family in the U. S, the Nairs, Anupama, Rajiv, Puja and Vivek, have ensured I get all the love and comforts of home away from home. My parents-in-law, late K. N. Syamasundaran Nair and P. A. Sarojini, have always encouraged me to keep on writing even if it meant less visits with them. Last but not the least, I would not have come this far without the loving support of Rahul Nair, who has been a constant source of suggestions, questions, criticisms and inspiration. He has always been there, emotionally and intellectually, persuading me to rethink some of my assumptions about traditions, histories and life in general and to enjoy the process
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Structure of Meitei-Pangal (Muslims) of Manipur Abstract Thesis
    SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF MEITEI-PANGAL (MUSLIMS) OF MANIPUR ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF 3 a dot of |pl|U0S0pl|y SOCIOLOGY By RAJIYA SHAHANI UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. NOOR MOHAMMAD DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2006 ABSTRACT In the present piece of research work, the basic institutions of Meitei-Pangal of Manipur have been analyzed from structural functional perspectives. Though old, the structural functional approach is a dominant sociological perspective. The background of the structural functionalism is found in the works of A. Comte, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim. Comte applied this perspective in his work, more prominently in his theory of organicism. H. Spencer also adopted organicism which led him to look at the social whole and the contribution of parts to the whole. E.Durkheim's interest in the social facts reflects his interest in the social organicism and their interrelationships and impact in the society. The major concern of these perspectives is the analysis of the structure and functions of a society that a social system needs to survive. Parsons is considered one of the giants of this perspectives. His structural-functional analysis becomes conspicuous when he says that - four basic conditions have to be met if any social system is to operate at all. These are : adaptation, goal attainment , integration and latency . These conditions are fulfilled by four institutions viz. economy, polity, kinship and culture. The Meitei-Pangal community of Manipur also meets these basic conditions of the social system . Islam is their religion.
    [Show full text]
  • REMEMBERING PARTITION of BENGAL and the LIBERATION WAR of BANGLADESH SUBHAM HAZRA State Aided College Teacher, Dept
    Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) A Peer Reviewed (Refereed) International Journal Vol.9.Issue 1. 2021 Impact Factor 6.8992 (ICI) http://www.rjelal.com; (Jan-Mar) Email:[email protected]:2395-2636 (P); 2321-3108(O) RESEARCH ARTICLE REMEMBERING PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH SUBHAM HAZRA State Aided College Teacher, Dept. of English, Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Burdwan,West Bengal Abstract Memory and amnesia are always at the core of the relation between human beings and History. The interplay between past and present, memory and amnesia are always considered as a shape giver to investigate the earlier years of cataclysmic events. Partition is an empirical reality of human civilization. But how far it is possible to recreate that defunct memory of the horror and anxiety through a speculative Article Received:22/02/2021 narrative? Even if one embarks on this project can he bring forth something more Article Accepted: 29/03/2021 than an exhaustive history of the Liberation War. The partition of Bengal in 1947 and Published online:31/03/2021 the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971 are the major tumultuous episodes dismantled DOI: 10.33329/rjelal.9.1.251 the course of history –millions of people become homeless, abducted and decapitated by the name of religion and politicized nationalism. The cataclysmic events of partition is not a matter of contingency –one has to understand the political and religious agenda of Pakistani colonialism and the ‘localized’ narratives that led the liberation war of Bangladesh. It is rightly unjustful to target one specific religion to withhold the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of Bangladesh: Down Memory Lane
    Indian Foreign Affairs Journal Vol. 4, No. 3, July - September, 2009, 102-117 ORAL HISTORY Birth of Bangladesh: Down Memory Lane Arundhati Ghose, often acclaimed for espousing wittily India’s nuclear non- proliferation policy, narrates the events associated with an assignment during her early diplomatic career that culminated in the birth of a nation – Bangladesh. Indian Foreign Affairs Journal (IFAJ): Thank you, Ambassador, for agreeing to share your involvement and experiences on such an important event of world history. How do you view the entire episode, which is almost four decades old now? Arundhati Ghose (AG): It was a long time ago, and my memory of that time is a patchwork of incidents and impressions. In my recollection, it was like a wave. There was a lot of popular support in India for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his fight for the rights of the Bengalis of East Pakistan, fund-raising and so on. It was also a difficult period. The territory of what is now Bangladesh, was undergoing a kind of partition for the third time: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan and now the partition of Pakistan. Though there are some writings on the last event, I feel that not enough research has been done in India on that. IFAJ: From India’s point of view, would you attribute the successful outcome of this event mainly to the military campaign or to diplomacy, or to the insights of the political leadership? AG: I would say it was all of these.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of RSS
    Secrets of RSS DEMYSTIFYING THE SANGH (The Largest Indian NGO in the World) by Ratan Sharda © Ratan Sharda E-book of second edition released May, 2015 Ratan Sharda, Mumbai, India Email:[email protected]; [email protected] License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-soldor given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person,please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and didnot purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to yourfavorite ebook retailer and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hardwork of this author. About the Book Narendra Modi, the present Prime Minister of India, is a true blue RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or National Volunteers Organization) swayamsevak or volunteer. More importantly, he is a product of prachaarak system, a unique institution of RSS. More than his election campaigns, his conduct after becoming the Prime Minister really tells us how a responsible RSS worker and prachaarak responds to any responsibility he is entrusted with. His rise is also illustrative example of submission by author in this book that RSS has been able to design a system that can create ‘extraordinary achievers out of ordinary people’. When the first edition of Secrets of RSS was released, air was thick with motivated propaganda about ‘Saffron terror’ and RSS was the favourite whipping boy as the face of ‘Hindu fascism’. Now as the second edition is ready for release, environment has transformed radically.
    [Show full text]
  • Satara. in 1960, the North Satara Reverted to Its Original Name Satara, and South Satara Was Designated As Sangli District
    MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS Government of Maharashtra SATARA DISTRICT (REVISED EDITION) BOMBAY DIRECTORATE OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, STATIONARY AND PUBLICATION, MAHARASHTRA STATE 1963 Contents PROLOGUE I am very glad to bring out the e-Book Edition (CD version) of the Satara District Gazetteer published by the Gazetteers Department. This CD version is a part of a scheme of preparing compact discs of earlier published District Gazetteers. Satara District Gazetteer was published in 1963. It contains authentic and useful information on several aspects of the district and is considered to be of great value to administrators, scholars and general readers. The copies of this edition are now out of stock. Considering its utility, therefore, need was felt to preserve this treasure of knowledge. In this age of modernization, information and technology have become key words. To keep pace with the changing need of hour, I have decided to bring out CD version of this edition with little statistical supplementary and some photographs. It is also made available on the website of the state government www.maharashtra.gov.in. I am sure, scholars and studious persons across the world will find this CD immensely beneficial. I am thankful to the Honourable Minister, Shri. Ashokrao Chavan (Industries and Mines, Cultural Affairs and Protocol), and the Minister of State, Shri. Rana Jagjitsinh Patil (Agriculture, Industries and Cultural Affairs), Shri. Bhushan Gagrani (Secretary, Cultural Affairs), Government of Maharashtra for being constant source of inspiration. Place: Mumbai DR. ARUNCHANDRA S. PATHAK Date :25th December, 2006 Executive Editor and Secretary Contents PREFACE THE GAZETTEER of the Bombay Presidency was originally compiled between 1874 and 1884, though the actual publication of the volumes was spread over a period of 27 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Uhm Phd 9519439 R.Pdf
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality or the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106·1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521-0600 Order Number 9519439 Discourses ofcultural identity in divided Bengal Dhar, Subrata Shankar, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1994 U·M·I 300N. ZeebRd. AnnArbor,MI48106 DISCOURSES OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN DIVIDED BENGAL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 1994 By Subrata S.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotlight and Hot Topic Sessions Poster Sessions Continuing
    Sessions and Events Day Thursday, January 21 (Sessions 1001 - 1025, 1467) Friday, January 22 (Sessions 1026 - 1049) Monday, January 25 (Sessions 1050 - 1061, 1063 - 1141) Wednesday, January 27 (Sessions 1062, 1171, 1255 - 1339) Tuesday, January 26 (Sessions 1142 - 1170, 1172 - 1254) Thursday, January 28 (Sessions 1340 - 1419) Friday, January 29 (Sessions 1420 - 1466) Spotlight and Hot Topic Sessions More than 50 sessions and workshops will focus on the spotlight theme for the 2019 Annual Meeting: Transportation for a Smart, Sustainable, and Equitable Future . In addition, more than 170 sessions and workshops will look at one or more of the following hot topics identified by the TRB Executive Committee: Transformational Technologies: New technologies that have the potential to transform transportation as we know it. Resilience and Sustainability: How transportation agencies operate and manage systems that are economically stable, equitable to all users, and operated safely and securely during daily and disruptive events. Transportation and Public Health: Effects that transportation can have on public health by reducing transportation related casualties, providing easy access to healthcare services, mitigating environmental impacts, and reducing the transmission of communicable diseases. To find sessions on these topics, look for the Spotlight icon and the Hot Topic icon i n the “Sessions, Events, and Meetings” section beginning on page 37. Poster Sessions Convention Center, Lower Level, Hall A (new location this year) Poster Sessions provide an opportunity to interact with authors in a more personal setting than the conventional lecture. The papers presented in these sessions meet the same review criteria as lectern session presentations. For a complete list of poster sessions, see the “Sessions, Events, and Meetings” section, beginning on page 37.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta The Refugee Woman: Partition of Bengal, Women, and the Everyday of the Nation by Paulomi Chakraborty A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English and Film Studies ©Paulomi Chakraborty Spring 2010 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-55963-5 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-55963-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider
    The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider To cite this version: Jacques Leider. The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations. Morten Bergsmo; Wolfgang Kaleck; Kyaw Yin Hlaing. Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, 40, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, pp.177-227, 2020, Publication Series, 978-82-8348-134-1. hal- 02997366 HAL Id: hal-02997366 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02997366 Submitted on 10 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors) E-Offprint: Jacques P. Leider, “The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations”, in Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors), Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPub- lisher, Brussels, 2020 (ISBNs: 978-82-8348-133-4 (print) and 978-82-8348-134-1 (e- book)). This publication was first published on 9 November 2020. TOAEP publications may be openly accessed and downloaded through the web site https://www.toaep.org which uses Persistent URLs (PURLs) for all publications it makes available.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India
    Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India Gyanendra Pandey CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Remembering Partition Violence, Nationalism and History in India Through an investigation of the violence that marked the partition of British India in 1947, this book analyses questions of history and mem- ory, the nationalisation of populations and their pasts, and the ways in which violent events are remembered (or forgotten) in order to en- sure the unity of the collective subject – community or nation. Stressing the continuous entanglement of ‘event’ and ‘interpretation’, the author emphasises both the enormity of the violence of 1947 and its shifting meanings and contours. The book provides a sustained critique of the procedures of history-writing and nationalist myth-making on the ques- tion of violence, and examines how local forms of sociality are consti- tuted and reconstituted by the experience and representation of violent events. It concludes with a comment on the different kinds of political community that may still be imagined even in the wake of Partition and events like it. GYANENDRA PANDEY is Professor of Anthropology and History at Johns Hopkins University. He was a founder member of the Subaltern Studies group and is the author of many publications including The Con- struction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990) and, as editor, Hindus and Others: the Question of Identity in India Today (1993). This page intentionally left blank Contemporary South Asia 7 Editorial board Jan Breman, G.P. Hawthorn, Ayesha Jalal, Patricia Jeffery, Atul Kohli Contemporary South Asia has been established to publish books on the politics, society and culture of South Asia since 1947.
    [Show full text]
  • Shivaji the Great
    SHIVAJI THE GREAT BY BAL KRISHNA, M. A., PH. D., Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. the Royal Economic Society. London, etc. Professor of Economics and Principal, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, India Part IV Shivaji, The Man and His .Work THE ARYA BOOK DEPOT, Kolhapur COPYRIGHT 1940 the Author Published by The Anther A Note on the Author Dr. Balkrisbna came of a Ksbatriya family of Multan, in the Punjab* Born in 1882, be spent bis boyhood in struggles against mediocrity. For after completing bis primary education he was first apprenticed to a jewel-threader and then to a tailor. It appeared as if he would settle down as a tailor when by a fortunate turn of events he found himself in a Middle Vernacular School. He gave the first sign of talents by standing first in the Vernacular Final ^Examination. Then he joined the Multan High School and passed en to the D. A. V. College, Lahore, from where he took his B. A* degree. Then be joined the Government College, Lahore, and passed bis M. A. with high distinction. During the last part of bis College career, be came under the influence of some great Indian political leaders, especially of Lala Lajpatrai, Sardar Ajitsingh and the Honourable Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and in 1908-9 took an active part in politics. But soon after he was drawn more powerfully to the Arya Samaj. His high place in the M. A. examination would have helped him to a promising career under the Government, but he chose differently. He joined Lala Munshiram ( later Swami Shraddha- Btnd ) *s a worker in the Guruk.ul, Kangri.
    [Show full text]
  • “Othering” Oneself: European Civilian Casualties and Representations of Gendered, Religious, and Racial Ideology During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
    “OTHERING” ONESELF: EUROPEAN CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF GENDERED, RELIGIOUS, AND RACIAL IDEOLOGY DURING THE INDIAN REBELLION OF 1857 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts in History By Stefanie A. Babb 2014 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in History ________________________________________ Stefanie A. Babb Approved: April 2014 _________________________________________ Eric A. Strahorn, Ph.D. Committee Chair / Advisor __________________________________________ Frances Davey, Ph.D __________________________________________ Habtamu Tegegne, Ph.D. The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Copyright © 2014 by Stefanie Babb All rights reserved One must claim the right and the duty of imagining the future, instead of accepting it. —Eduardo Galeano iv CONTENTS PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE HISTORIOGRAPHY 12 CHAPTER TWO LET THE “OTHERING” BEGIN 35 Modes of Isolation 39 Colonial Thought 40 Racialization 45 Social Reforms 51 Political Policies 61 Conclusion 65 CHAPTER THREE LINES DRAWN 70 Outbreak at Meerut and the Siege on Delhi 70 The Cawnpore Massacres 78 Changeable Realities 93 Conclusion 100 CONCLUSION 102 APPENDIX A MAPS 108 APPENDIX B TIMELINE OF INDIAN REBELLION 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 v Preface This thesis began as a seminar paper that was written in conjunction with the International Civilians in Warfare Conference hosted by Florida Gulf Coast University, February, 2012.
    [Show full text]