The North Branch Canal Trail Feasibility Study Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania

Opportunities for a pedestrian and bicycle-friendly trail connecting the river towns of Danville, Catawissa and Bloomsburg – Promoting active living, heritage, and environmental education in the Middle Susquehanna Region.

May 2009

Prepared by: SEDA-Council of Governments Community Resource Center 201 Furnace Road Lewisburg, PA 17837 (570) 524-4491 www.seda-cog.org May 2009

This project was ﬁ nanced in part by a grant from the Community Conservation Partnerhips Program, Keystone Recreation, Park and Conservation Fund, under the administration of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation

CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special Acknowledgement Thanks to the residents of Montour and Columbia Counties who Special Thanks to Jeff and Pam Brunskill for their commitment to the contributed their time and input toward the development of the trail project – bringing the skills and talents of Bloomsburg Department concepts through participation in task force meetings, volunteer of Geography students to the towpath survey and assisting with the work days and key person interviews. Special thanks go out to the property deed searches in Montour and Columbia counties. SEDA-COG team who led the North Branch Canal Trail Project and challenged residents to explore the development of a trail system that Bloomsburg Department of Geography Students– for their GPS survey will benefi t the community in many ways and become an asset locally and mapping of the historic North Branch Canal towpath: and regionally. Joel Bond Amy Gorini The North Branch Canal Trail project was made possible through a Arie Hoogendoorn grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Julian Whitley Resources and through the generous fi nancial support of the following local partners: Task Force Members Ryn Agnew Trevor Finn Julie McMonagle PA Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Mike Apfelbaum Janet Friday Michael ‘Tibbs’ McWilliams Appalachian Regional Commission Jeff Apfelbaum John R. Gordner David Millard The Degenstein Foundation Robert Aungst Betsy Hack F. Charles Petrillo Merck and Co., Inc. Candy Bower George C. Hasay Mike Piaskowski Geisinger Health System Jeff Brunskill Helen ‘Sis’ Hause Charles Pollock Pam Brunskill Scott Heitzelman Jeff Pontius Blair T. Carbaugh Betse Humphrey Lou Ramos

SEDA-COG Team Renee Carey Bob Huntington William Soberick Dan Ake Stephen Keefer Greg Cole Harold Hurst Bernie Swank Brian Auman Steve Kusheloﬀ Frank Concino Bob Keintz Janet Sweeney Gary D. Bloss Dennis Robinson Nancy Corbin Lori Kieﬀ er-Yeich Jerry S. Walls Amanda Burbage Alison Stevenson Clay Corbin Joe Kleinbauer Marty Walzer Joe DeWalle Ryan Unger David Decoteau Jean Knouse H. W. ‘Skip’ Weider Tom Grbenick Kim Wheeler Eric DeWald David Kovach Brian Witmer Bob Hormell Brad Diehl Diane Kripas Chris E. Young Cindy Dunlap David “Otto” Kurecian Francis Zartman Ed Edwards Scott Lawvere Wes Fahringer Claire Lawrence

CONTENTS Executive Summary i Feasibility Study Introduction 1.1 Community Proﬁ le 2.1 Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.1 Trail Concepts 4.1 Implementation Strategies 5.1

Appendices Alternative Organizational Models for Multi-County Trails .1 Task Force Meetings Notes and Agendas .1 Key Person Interviews .1 Cost Estimates .1 North Branch Towpath Field Survey Report .1 North Branch Canal Trail Corridor- Inventory & Analysis Maps .1 Historic Canal Overlay Maps .1 North Branch Canal Trail Press & Marketing Materials .1 Regional Case Studies: Mid-Atlantic Canal Descriptions .1 Reference Materials .1

List of References I Project CD

Executive Summary

Executive Summary can spend signifi cant amounts of time in the presence of the river. Just as connections to the river landscape decrease, obesity rates are rising What is the North Branch Canal Trail? throughout the nation, children are spending less and less time out- The North Branch Canal Trail project is an amazing opportunity to of-doors, and many natural and scenic resources are being lost to the create a pedestrian and bicycle trail in the Middle Susquehanna development of rural areas. region. More than a simple place to walk and bike, the trail will link communities, increase recreational options, provide economic and Many Pennsylvanians have environmental benefi ts and connect people to the culture, nature, and recognized and felt troubled enough beauty of the Susquehanna River and the historic North Branch Canal. by these trends to consider how they might be redirected into a more positive outlook for the future. In the face of concerns, the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership was formed by Pennsylvanians who also recognized that they are fortunate enough to live in an area that is still very rich in cultural, natural, and scenic resources. The partnership sees the mighty Meeting Regional Needs Susquehanna River as an incredible resource that can be embraced and The Susquehanna Greenway Partnership is dedicated to developing employed for the benefi t of the region. The long-ignored and under and sustaining the Susquehanna Greenway to connect communities utilized river can be reconnected to by residents, giving them places to and enrich lives through enhanced recreation, healthy living, economic recreate, spend time outside, enjoy nature and live healthful lives. prosperity and environmental stewardship.

The Susquehanna River runs with the cultural and ecological lifeblood of the central Pennsylvania region, but most residents have no regular way to appreciate or interact with the river. River towns have levee systems that protect them from ﬂ oods, but that also cut oﬀ their views to the water; drivers might catch glimpses of the Susquehanna from roadways and bridges, but there are few places where people

Executive Summary i Attention turned to the Susquehanna can also be aimed at protecting and extend into many realms beyond simple recreation. The trail building improving the regional environment, fi sh and wildlife, and the function of will help stabilize, preserve and restore historically signifi cant canal vital natural processes. Economic benefi ts will arise from smart-growth structures that will allow current and future generations to learn about initiatives, attracting families and businesses to the revitalized river towns and physically connect to the region’s past. whose strong identities are tied to their heritage, the landscape, and a variety of public amenities that foster community pride and connectivity. North Branch Canal Trail Study Area

Part of the beauty of the Susquehanna Greenway is that regional goals can be achieved through the implementation of many local, small and mid-scale projects Danville so that the total eﬀ ect is greater than any individual eﬀ ort. As each project builds upon Bloomsburg

N or complements another, quality of life will o ridge zone r th B ran improve throughout the region. Individual ch Canal Trail C orri projects can help achieve regional goals by dor enhancing the natural beauty of a place, promoting multi-modal travel, connecting people to the outdoors, and Catawissa revitalizing historic neighborhoods and business districts.

The North Branch Canal Trail The trail corridor runs for 12 miles between Danville and Bloomsburg The North Branch Canal Trail is a demonstration project of the larger via Catawissa along the North Branch of the Susquehanna River. Susquehanna Greenway because it clearly embodies the ideals Between towns, fl oodplains, and wetlands abutting the steep and benefi ts that a greenway can provide at the local and regional slopes of a modest ridge have protected the area from signifi cant scale. The vision for the canal trail is to connect communities along development. Much of the canal and towpath corridor is owned a greenway trail that uses and celebrates the canal-era heritage and by the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority who is a strong supporter of infrastructure that still exists within the Middle Susquehanna region. developing the “rails with trails” North Branch Canal Trail for public use within an active railroad right-of-way. Specifi cally, the project aims to develop a family-oriented pedestrian and bicycle trail for healthy living between Danville and Bloomsburg following the route of the historic North Branch Canal. Benefi ts will

Executive Summary ii Historic Signifi cance Trail Benefi t Areas Construction began on the North Branch Canal in 1828. Replacing river Fostering Community Pride travel, it operated as a major shipping and transport route from 1831 until it was decommissioned in 1901, because the rail industry had The canal trail will complement with other rendered the canal obsolete. During that time, the North Branch Canal local initiatives to expand public amenities and was part of a state-wide network that carried people, foodstuff s and recreational opportunities for healthy living that a variety of goods including anthracite coal, pig iron, limestone, brick, will help attract families into the trail-accessible lumber, and farm products throughout the region. historic neighborhoods. The trail will help provide Culturally, the North Branch canal was an important part of daily life. children with safe routes to schools; it will give It linked the existing river towns, carried news, gossip and goods, and families a place to play and spend time together, was also an important place for recreation, socializing, swimming and and will be a place for residents to meet and ice skating. interact, all the while fostering community pride and strengthening local identity. The North Branch Canal hasn’t been used for over a century, and few people survive who remember even the end of the canal-era. Protecting the Environment However, evidence of the canal is still written on the landscape. The The trail development will protect ecologically canal can be identifi ed as a linear channel paralleled by an elevated sensitive and signifi cant areas. Moreover, trail- towpath and strung with intermittent structures such as locks, stone based programs such as outdoor classrooms or retaining walls and aqueducts. Between Danville and Bloomsburg, naturalist workshops can inspire users to learn the historic canal and towpath infrastructure is remarkably intact, but about and expand upon eff ort to protect and often overgrown and eroded. Without a plan to preserve and interpret support populations of rare and endangered plant the North Branch Canal, the physical remnants of the channel will and animal species in the region. slowly disappear from the landscape. The canal passing through the narrows (far left) and Danville Cultural Connections Sources from far left: www.northeast. Developing the trail within the canal railfan.net; Montour corridor will save the historic canal County Historical resources while bringing them back into Society. the public eye for heritage-learning and celebration.

Executive Summary iii Healthy Living Design Concepts Biking, walking and jogging will be the most Community task force members have collaborated to shape the vision common uses of the trail, but it will support a for the North Branch Canal Trail. They envision a family-oriented, full range of active and passive uses. The trail universally accessible biking and walking path that celebrates will provide access to the Susquehanna and local heritage and refl ects the quality of the local landscape and tributaries like Fishing Creek for canoeing, communities while connecting residents to the Susquehanna River. kayaking and fi shing. It will be a place for birding and enjoying the beauty of a highly scenic The trail will generally run along the canal towpath; this historic and pastoral landscape with a mix of dappled infrastructure is an ideal place for a trail because it is raised, linear woodlands and directed views down the river and and level. It will off er views to the river and across working farmlands, across working farmlands to distant ridges. The but is also predominantly wooded and will provide pleasant dappled trail will also link to existing public spaces within Danville, Catawissa shade to users during the hot summer months. and Bloomsburg and so will create an interconnected network of recreational facilities. In Danville, where canal remnants have been virtually erased by subsequent development, the levee system around the town will be Smart Growth the ideal conduit for the trail system. There are several options for the trail corridor in Bloomsburg, following the railway, the historic canal, The development of the North Branch and an on-road bike path along the river. Canal Trail, with its cultural and recreational attractions, will also carry a number of economic and growth-related benefi ts. Boaters, bikers, runners, birders, fi shers, heritage tourists, fall-foliage viewers, and sightseers will all be attracted to the trail, bolstering the need for tourism and sport- related trail support businesses, from bed-and breakfasts and cafés to bike shops and sports- outfi tters. The strategic location of trail heads at public parks and downtown connections will help direct new businesses to “smart-growth” areas within traditional community cores. Trail building can also tie into local revitalization eff orts and help spur the redevelopment of industrial sites.

Executive Summary iv Design Guidelines: Universal Themes Bringing the North Branch Canal Trail to Life Throughout the trail corridor, guidelines will be developed that protect natural, historic and scenic resources and forward the range Project Development of beneﬁ t areas. Design inspiration for the trail, bridges and trail accessories will come from canal-era structures, enhancing the trail Excitement is mounting within Columbia and Montour Counties for and creating a harmonious, rich and engaging experience. the building of the North Branch Canal Trail. Community members and local organizations recognize the many beneﬁ ts that a trail will provide for the area. However, that energy and momentum needs to be carried through into action if the trail plans are to become a reality.

Phasing Construction and development of the North Branch Canal Trail will be completed in phases. The process will be kept ﬂ exible in order to capitalize upon and eﬃ ciently use resources as they become available and as local needs grow and change.

Historic canal structures will inspire the design of trail elements. Source: F. Charles Petrillo. Core sections of trail will be built fi rst because they will create an immediate impact within the communities through ease of accessibility. As community enthusiasm and use of the core trail grow, existing trails can be expanded or extended to reach more remote landmarks and scenic areas. Eventually, the trail will be connected as a Trail Zones: Core Communities, Natural Areas & Cultural 12-mile corridor with potential for regional expansion. Clusters Residents feel strongly that the trail needs to fi t into the local Implementation environment; it will be wider within towns where there will be many Key steps to realizing the plans for the trail include: users. In more remote areas, the trail will be narrower and more rustic in feel so that the sense of enclosure and the natural setting can shape •Identify an organization that will hold and carry liability for the trail the visitors’ experiences. There will be three primary trail zones that corridor. will respond to and celebrate each area’s most signifi cant resources. •Conduct a survey of the corridor to identify landowners for private The trail zones will be core communities, natural areas and heritage partnerships area cultural clusters.

Executive Summary v •Acquire the trail corridor from the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority county Trail Authority should be possible within a timeframe of 6 – 12 months, given the JRA model to follow. The critical question is how •Develop design guidelines for the trail corridor based on historic to secure the initial and ongoing funding to support the organization structures itself. •Identify sources and raise funds for trail design, construction and maintenance A rather unique opportunity already exists to provide initial •Create a Regional Trail Authority tasked with land ownership, trail capitalization for such a Multi-county Trail Authority. The SEDA-COG development, operations and maintenance Joint Rail Authority now owns the former North Branch Canal and Towpath, which parallel the North Shore Railroad, an active freight •Develop a Master Plan for the Danville Riverfront railroad in Montour and Columbia counties. The Rail Authority has •Partner with private landowners to allow for trail development and indicated a willingness to sell that excess corridor to a trail entity so public use of private land long as the strip of railroad right-of-way is protected from trespass on the active rail line by adequate physical or natural barriers. •Develop a Trail Maintenance Plan for the trail and signiﬁ cant ecological areas and historic resources Preliminary discussions with PA DCNR yielded the possibility that the •Assess the corridor for its potential impact to environmental, value of the Canal and Towpath corridor, if professionally surveyed, historic and cultural resources professionally appraised, and conveyed to the multi-county trail entity for a nominal value, perhaps one dollar, could constitute the required •Comply with safety standards established in cooperation with the value match for a State DCNR grant equal to some percentage of SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority to safely accommodate the public the fair market value of the land. That grant would then provide the use of the trail adjacent to an active railroad right-of-way. initial capital to commence major trail construction and early stage operation and maintenance. If an appropriate multi-county trail Recommended Organizational Models for Multi -County Trails entity is organized it will be eligible for further State funding to do trail construction and major repair. Volunteer labor and donated materials This north-central Pennsylvania region has strong successful multi- can also be counted as part of the required local funding match. county organizational mechanisms that perform a wide array of services and functions. Therefore, it is logical to choose from one How then would the ongoing expenses be covered? Participating of the well-established models and draw upon the “host” support counties could agree by the Intergovernmental Cooperation capability of SEDA-COG to address the emerging multi-county trails Agreement to a formula for cost-sharing of annual expenses. projects. It would be rather straightforward to ask SEDA-COG to Although the funding question goes beyond the scope of this Study, lead the formation of a new Multi-county Trail Authority patterned the Consultant is familiar with trails in other states, which are after the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority. Formation of such a Multi- partially funded by trail user donations, sometimes using lock boxes

Executive Summary vi at parking lots and trailheads to secure honor system donations for Community Involvement the parking and use privilege. Such user fees and private donations Local participants have shaped the vision for the North Branch Canal can be an eﬀ ective supplemental funding source along with ongoing Trail. Continued community involvement will be critical to the success volunteer labor and professional services and donated materials. of the project. Residents will be invited to participate with the trail Health maintenance has become a major concern and more insurance throughout its development and after construction is completed. companies now commit funding to wellness activities and facilities. Community involvement with the trail may include: Other synergies can be generated within the umbrella of SEDA-COG. •Trail-Building Events For example, many of the trail projects and community connections as well as community revitalization initiatives are embodied in the •Public Meetings Susquehanna Greenway Partnership (SGP) Vision and Strategic Plan. •Focus Groups •Adopt-A-Trail Programs •Friends of the North Branch Canal Trail Membership •Community Events

•Seasonal Celebrations (spring blooms, fall foliage) •Canal-Era Heritage Tours •Naturalist Walks •Environmental Learning Workshops •Sightseeing Tours •Bird Watching Field Trips •Earth Day Cleanups •Walk/Jog for a Cause Fundraising •Half-Marathon

Executive Summary vii Danville Digs — Creating a demonstration Project for the North Branch Canal Trail through Community Participation On July 14, 2007, 100 volunteers came together to construct a mile-long section of trail a short distance east of Danville along the Susquehanna River. The event was organized and sponsored by the Montour Area Recreation Commission in conjunction with the Danville Iron Heritage Festival. The workday event met with great success and left volunteers eager to expand the trail further. Members of the Pennsylvania Conservation Corps helped prepare for the “Danville Digs” event by doing initial clearing and grubbing and by building interpretive sign cases, a bench and fences to protect historic structures in the area. At Danville Digs, volunteers helped to level the soil, dig out stumps, fell some trees and move some stones along the corridor, resulting in a usable, level and enjoyable section of trail at the site of the historic Danville lock.

There is a great deal of time and eﬀ ort needed to organize an event such as this, but making use of volunteer time and energy can clearly be a successful way to build trails while also building a great deal of enthusiasm within the community for the project.

This project was ﬁ nanced in part by a grant from the Growing Greener Fund, Community Conservation Partnerships Program, under the administration of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation.

Executive Summary viii Implementation & Phasing Phase V: Danville Riverfront Trail Development Key Elements: A separate Master Planning process is being Phase I: Survey, Land Transfer and Trail Master Site Plan undertaken to consider the speciﬁ c needs of developing the Key Elements: Trail Corridor Survey and Master Plans and Design Danville Riverfront – including FQ Hartman Field, Riverfront Park Standards for All Canal Trail Elements (Trail Head, Trail, Signage, and a Levee-based trail system. This planning and implementation Kiosks, Shade Structure, Fencing and Seating process began in 2007 and will be on its own time schedule for Estimated Timing: Year 1 implementation. Estimated Timing: Years 5-6 Phase II: Trail Construction – Danville Soccer Field to Star Barn Key Elements: Trail Head Parking Area, 2.5 Miles of Trail Phase VI: Bloomsburg Town Park and Downtown Connection Construction, Temporary Bridge Structure and the Construction of 4 Key Elements: See Bloomsburg Town Park Master Plan for Trail Bridges. Connections to Town Park and Downtown Bloomsburg. This Estimated Timing: Years 1-2 planning and implementation process began in 2007 and will be on its own time schedule for implementation. Phase III: Trail Construction – Star Barn to County Line Estimated Timing: Years 6-7 Key Elements: Emergency Access, 2 Miles of Trail and the Construction of 15 Bridge or culvert crossings. Estimated Timing: Years 2-3

Phase IV: Trail Construction – County Line to Rupert Key Elements: Emergency Access, Route 42 Underpass, Construction of 6 Bridges and the Rehabilitation of the old Fishing Creek Railroad Bridge. Estimated Timing: Years 4-5

Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Phase V Phase VI

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7

Executive Summary ix Executive Summary x Feasibility Study

1 Introduction

Introduction clearly inscribed on the landscape where the river, historic canal bed, railroad and modern roadway wind their ways alongside one another, each route refl ecting a moment in history and a diff erent way of life Project Background for the region. As it traverses Montour and Columbia counties, the North Branch of the Susquehanna River runs through a patchwork landscape of historic towns and villages, wooded narrows, and agricultural farmlands with sweeping vistas off towards rolling hills and forested ridge lines. Between Danville and Bloomsburg, the river corridor has remained fairly secluded, enhancing its natural and rural beauty. However, on closer inspection, this same stretch of river and land reveals a signifi cant history of human use. Remnants can be found beginning with the Native Americans who utilized the river as a major transportation corridor and as a source of sustenance. European settlement and independence are also written on the landscape; in the 1800’s the landscape was manipulated through canal building and the transport of goods along the North Branch Canal until the turn of the century. Indeed, the corridor tells the story of transportation through time and the shifts from utilizing rivers, trails, canals, railways and The North Branch Canal was the primary shipping and travel route through the region from the fi nally roadways for travel and shipping. The record of these eras is 1830’s through the turn of the century. Here, the canal runs through the village of Rupert with the town of Bloomsburg in the distance Source: Columbia County Historical & Genealogical Society.

The idea of using the historic North Branch Canal corridor for the development of a regional trail came about through a confl uence of interests between local communities and the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority which owns much of the land carrying the canal and towpath remnants. The communities of Danville and Bloomsburg are both actively pursuing ways to provide additional and varied recreational opportunities for their residents; likewise, the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority is receptive to the idea of creating a pathway through the corridor to support healthy living and local economies. The Susquehanna River is a culturally and environmentally signifi cant feature within the region. At the regional level, the canal trail fi ts into the mission of the

Introduction 1.1 Susquehanna Greenway Partnership, a partnership started in 2001 local residents and members of stakeholder organizations gave shape that seeks to “foster pride, awareness, and stewardship through to a vision for the trail. Under the direction of the Montour Area enhancement of local and regional projects that lead to community Recreation Commission, the Pennsylvania Conservation Corps (PCC) connectivity through greenway projects.” In June 2006, the North began clearing vegetation from the historic towpath in preparation for Branch Canal Trail was identifi ed as a demonstration project for the future trail building. In July 2007, volunteers cleared and constructed a Susquehanna Greenway eff ort. It was clear that the seclusion of the mile-long section of demonstration trail at one of the former lock sites North Branch Canal between Danville and Bloomsburg had caused to show the incredible potential of the trail to connect local residents it to become both a lost resource and an incredible opportunity to and visitors to nature, regional history, and to each other. promote healthy living, facilitate recreational activities, and link communities by reconnecting them to the river and local, canal-era As the Feasibility Study was being fi nalized in the Fall and Winter of heritage. 2007-2008 – it became apparent that additional thought needed to be given to the organizational entity that would own the trial property and that would guide the development, operations and management of the North Branch Canal Trail. Within the region this project was breaking new ground – a trail project conceived beyond individual municipal and county boundaries. An addendum to the original PA DCNR was approved to engage an independent consultant to evaluate potential models for a regional trail organization. The result of this contract addendum is the report entitled Alternative Organizational Models for Multi-County Trails – which was completed in December 2008. The ‘Alternative Organizational Models’ report can be found in The canal trail is designed to benefi t local communities; its entirety in this report’s Appendix A. participation by residents has shaped the vision for the trail. The trail will help reconnect people to the Susquehanna River. This report details the fi ndings of both the original feasibility study and the Alternative Organizational Models for Multi-County Trails In November 2006, SEDA-Council of Governments kicked-off a report and proposes a workable strategy for action aimed at turning year-long feasibility study for the North Branch Canal Trail with a the community vision for the North Branch Canal Trail into reality. sightseeing event along the river corridor. Many of the participants in the tour joined the project task force and served as project advisors throughout the planning process. Community involvement included a series of focus groups and key person interviews that are documented in the appendix of this report. At subsequent meetings and events,

Introduction 1.2 What is a Greenway? Greenways in a Regional Context Greenways are linear corridors that sustain or improve the vitality Nearly half of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania lies within the of an area by creating ways for people, plants, water and wildlife to Susquehanna Watershed, which covers over 30,000 square miles move through an area while allowing natural processes to occur. They from its upper reaches in New York and Pennsylvania to the mouth are typically deﬁ ned to conserve natural areas and provide people of the river in Havre de Grace, Maryland. The designation and with recreation and transportation opportunities. They can range development of a greenway along the branches of the Susquehanna in length and width, accessibility, character, and use. Greenways River has the potential to improve the quality of life throughout the can be river, canal or stream corridors; they can carry roadways, Commonwealth. Pennsylvania’s Greenways Program was launched paths, or trails and can support one or many diﬀ erent modes of in August 2001 with the completion of a statewide greenways action transportation, from hiking or canoeing, to mass transit lines. What plan, “Pennsylvania’s Greenways - An Action Plan for Creating greenways have in common is that they strive to support the health Connections.” The governor has amended Executive Order 1998- of the landscape and its inhabitants through the protection of 3 identifying PA DCNR as the lead agency responsible for Action natural, cultural and scenic resources and the provision of passive New York Sayre and active recreational activities. Greenways can be major assets in Pennsylvania Athens rural, suburban, and urban areas; they can improve the overall quality BRADFORD SUSQUEHANNA Towanda of life for communities by enhancing the natural beauty of a place, Wyalusing promoting multi-modal travel, connecting people to the outdoors, Tunkhannock WYOMING SULLIVAN and revitalizing historic neighborhoods LACKAWANNA Renovo LYCOMING

Williamsport LUZERNE and business opportunities. Wilkes-Barre Muncy Nanticoke CLINTON Jersey Shore

CLEARFIELD Lock Haven COLUMBIA

Milton Berwick MONTOUR Clearfield Lewisburg Bloomsburg The Susquehanna Greenway Region UNION Danville CENTRE Sunbury

INDIANA Selinsgrove NORTHUMBERLAND CherryTree SNYDER

Carrolltown Liverpool Millersburg JUNIATA CAMBRIA DAUPHIN Duncannon PERRY

Harrisburg

CUMBERLAND LANCASTER Marietta Columbia Greenways are linear corridors, both large and small, Wrightsville that serve many beneﬁ cial purposes for people and the environment. YORK

Pennsylvania People can use greenways for hiking, biking, boating, The Susquehanna River is a major feature within the state of Pennsylvania. Source: Susquehanna birding and connecting with nature. Greenway Partnership (www.susquehannagreenway.org).

Introduction 1.3 Plan implementation (http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/brc/greenways). Project Goals The North Branch Canal Trail will help PA DCNR and the State to Community members participating in task force meetings had very implement PA’s Greenway Action Plan by creating a project that will clear ideas for the potential of the North Branch Canal Trail to meet achieve diverse benefi ts such as economic development, community a range of needs and hopes for the area. Improving opportunities for revitalization, historic and cultural interpretation and environmental healthy living and recreation were foremost in discussions. The North stewardship. As a demonstration project of the Susquehanna Branch Canal Trail is envisioned as a family-oriented walking and Greenway Partnership, the North Branch Canal Trail promotes the bicycle trail linking the towns of Danville and Bloomsburg. Wherever mission of the larger Susquehanna Greenway. It will serve as a model feasible, it will follow the towpath of the historic North Branch by supporting healthy living through recreation and multi-modal Canal. The canal-era will also inspire the design for the trail and trail transportation, economic stimulation for historic neighborhoods, and accessories, endowing the corridor with a unique and contextually as a model for the protection and celebration of natural, historic, and appropriate character. scenic resources along the river. Strong motivation exists on the part of local communities to develop From a cultural perspective, the branches of the Susquehanna and the trail incrementally. Sections close to community hubs and their associated canals have historically served as lifelines connecting downtowns will be built fi rst so that the trail can quickly be enjoyed towns, providing livelihoods and serving as pathways for the transport and appreciated by residents. The excitement created by core of goods and people throughout the region. The North Branch Canal community trails will spur eff orts to expand the trails to more distant Trail fi ts into the regional context by restoring and reemphasizing the landmarks until Danville and Bloomsburg are fully connected along importance of the river route as a connector between communities. the trail corridor. Other project stages would focus on restoring the The trail will restore historic links between historic river towns by historic character of the canal and on connecting to other towns, creating a hiking and cycling path using the remnants of the old canal including spurs, loops and extensions to Catawissa, Northumberland, and towpath routes. and Berwick.

Connecting trails to downtowns and neighborhoods encourages smart The trail will be family-oriented and accessible to everyone and will improve access to the growth. Susquehanna River.

Introduction 1.4 In addition to promoting healthy lifestyles, the trail will create Speciﬁ c goals for the project are to: opportunities for people to connect to nature, the local landscape and, speciﬁ cally, to the Susquehanna River. The establishment of a trail •Develop a 12-mile trail between the river towns of Danville and will also raise awareness for the protection of sensitive environments Bloomsburg along historic canal route that will reconnect people to and scenic view sheds along the river, across working farmlands and the Susquehanna River and its enduring story. out to forested ridges. Due to the presence of the towpath, canal bed, •Promote healthy living through connections to nature, heritage, locks and additional structures, the canal trail corridor is recognized scenery, and recreational opportunities for people of all ages. to be a rare and special remnant of the region’s disappearing history; because of this, residents feel that the trail should preserve, respect •Preserve the natural character of the canal corridor and protect and celebrate those objects. environmentally sensitive areas. •The project will enhance the scenic qualities of the Susquehanna Canal-era bridges and built-objects will be referenced and will River corridor, including vistas and view sheds, and will protect inspire the design of the trail itself and its associated structures so those scenic qualities for future residents and visitors. that the constructed corridor is cohesive, contextually sensitive and reminiscent of canal-era history. Extending the wish that the trail •Trail design and features will take inspiration from and will respond appropriately to the landscape and the historic context of celebrate the history of the canal system and its valued role in the canal and towpath, there is a strong consensus that the trail should state’s transportation system. not be “overbuilt” or have the feel of another roadway that would •Develop trail design guidelines that exemplify the cultural detract from the rural and rustic nature of the area. Residents agree landscape and style of the canal and enhance the realm of the that various options for the scale and design of the trail should be Susquehanna Greenway while also utilizing ‘green’ construction considered in order to achieve the most appropriate and contextually materials and techniques. sensitive response. •Create a Regional Trail Authority tasked with land ownership, trail Developing this regional trail system will tie into a number of state development, operations and maintenance. and local goals for smart growth and development. Provision of •Create a regional attraction to draw visitors to the area and neighborhood-accessible trails will provide incentive for current and stimulate economic opportunities for the revitalization of historic future residents and industries to direct growth into neighborhoods downtowns and neighborhoods. and downtowns, thereby strengthening local economies. •Provide for future regional expansion of the trail to Catawissa, Northumberland and Berwick. •Achieve smart growth by encouraging the re-development of historic neighborhoods and downtowns.

Introduction 1.5 •Use the Pennsylvania Keystone Principles for Growth, Investment Program: The North Branch Canal Trail Feasibility Study Process and Resource Conservation Principles to guide design development In November 2006, SEDA-Council of Governments, North Shore for the benefi t of the region. Railroad and Susquehanna Greenway Partnership sponsored the kickoff event for the North Branch Canal Trail feasibility study. Sixty community members rode an excursion train through the study area Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Keystone Principles for from Northumberland to Bloomsburg and back while being treated Growth, Investment and Resource Conservation Principles to a history of the North Branch Canal and fall foliage sightseeing 1. Redevelop fi rst along the Susquehanna’s North Branch. The kickoff built a great deal 2. Provide effi cient infrastructure of excitement for the project and highlighted opportunities to restore 3. Concentrate development the towpath for use as a trail while celebrating canal-era heritage, 4. Increase job opportunities natural resources and exceptional scenic vistas. 5. Foster sustainable businesses 6. Restore and enhance the environment 7. Enhance recreational and heritage resources 8. Expand housing opportunities 9. Plan regionally; implement locally 10. Be fair

www.phmc.state.pa.us/bhp/pkb.pdf

In November 2006 a scenic excursion trip kidked oﬀ the canal trail feasibility study.

Introduction 1.6 Following the kick-off excursion, over 60 community members signed up to participate in the North Branch Canal Trail Task Force. This dedicated group of individuals met quarterly over the course of the year and worked together to identify local needs and opportunities, defi ne the scope of the project, shape trail concepts, and guide the vision for the North Branch Canal Trail. Key person interviews and focus group meetings were also conducted with local stakeholders and state agencies to identify constraints and opportunities surrounding trail development. As a wrap-up to this portion of the project, a public meeting was held in December 2007 to unveil the fi ndings of the feasibility study. At the Danville Digs event, 100 volunteers opened up a mile of trail at the historic Danville lock site. (left) The demonstration trail shows that the historic towpath makes an ideal hiking and biking In July 2007, SEDA-COG, the Montour Area Recreation Commission route. (right) and others organized the “Danville Digs: North Branch Canal Trail Work Day” in association with Danville’s annual Iron Heritage In 2008 the North Branch Canal Trial study focused on evaluating Festival. One-hundred community members gathered to develop a various organizational models for the entity that will own, build, demonstration trail at the site of canal locks just north of Danville. operate and maintain the trail. A consultant was hired to undertake Participants cleared debris and overgrowth along the towpath and this work and the report entitled: Alternative Organizational Models around parts of the locks, a canal-era well, and remnants of a building for Multi-County Trails was completed in December 2008. foundation believed to be the old lock house. Volunteers cleared and leveled the top of the towpath to achieve at least a six foot wide trail The appendix contains a variety of documents, including the and open up a mile section of the old towpath. The Pennsylvania ‘Alternative Organizational Model’ report, that were produced for and Conservation Corps, under the supervision of Brad Diehl and the in response to the task force meetings, key person interviews and the Montour Area Recreation Commission Director, Dave Decoteau, ‘Danville Digs’ work day event. Meeting agendas and minutes have also cleared a signifi cant amount of brush and vegetation along the been included, as well as publicity material for the excursion train and trail corridor in preparation for and following the work day event. In work day. addition, the Pennsylvania Conservation Corps constructed benches and installed fencing and signage around the well and lock house for the safety of visitors and to protect the historic remnants.

Introduction 1.7 Introduction 1.8 2 Community Proﬁ le

Introduction 1.9 Introduction 1.10 Community Profi le Population Demographics and Trends The study area runs through parts of Montour and Columbia counties. Study Area Montour County is the smallest county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in terms of total land area. The Susquehanna forms its The North Branch Canal Trail study area is defi ned as the 12-mile Southern edge where Danville, the county seat, is located. The county linear river corridor between Danville and Bloomsburg along the is notable for having witnessed a thriving iron industry around Danville North Branch of the Susquehanna through Montour and Columbia from the mid-1800’s through the end of the century. Trails were counties. The corridor centers on the historic route of the North developed in Danville, which is also the center for county government. Branch Pennsylvania Canal, of which many remnants, including Today, Geisinger Health Systems is the top employer in the area. major sections of the canal and towpath, remain discernible within In fact, the Geisinger Medical Center and three other Geisinger the landscape. While the study area is generally limited to the land companies held four of the top ten slots for largest employers in the where the canal once ran between River Road/North Canal Drive and fi rst quarter of 2006. the river, the study area broadens to encompass the communities of Danville, Catawissa and Bloomsburg so many access points, linkages, and community benefi ts may be pursued.

The study area runs along the Susquehanna between Daville and Bloomsburg in Montour and Columbia Counties. Danville’s heritage is tied to the iron industry and is notable as the place where the iron t-rail was ﬁ rst created and produced.

Community Profi le 2.1 Columbia County is the larger of the two counties, and the along the Susquehanna. This trend is disturbing because it translates Susquehanna runs through the county’s mid-section rather than into growth pressure on open space and rural areas. At the same time, along its lower edge. Bloomsburg University is one of the primary the decreasing population density reduces the vitality of residential entities in Columbia County. The county is more rural at its northern cores and downtowns. Over the long term, growth at the fringes and and southern ends, with population density concentrated around the decline at the core has another negative eff ect by elevating the per Susquehanna and specifi cally in Bloomsburg, Scott Township and capita costs for municipalities to provide the same level of services Berwick Borough. to increasingly dispersed residents. Columbia County may be seeing some success in reversing this trend. According to recent estimates, the Town of Bloomsburg has experienced 4.4% growth since 2000 (2000 Columbia County Data Book 13). Still, downtown revitalization eff orts and smart growth initiatives would benefi t both counties.

From 1990 to 2000, Columbia and Montour counties grew by 1.5% and 2.8% respectively. However, during that same time period, the population of Bloomsburg dropped by 0.5%, while Danville’s population fell by a full 5.2%. These statistics suggest that the counties as a whole are experiencing modest growth, but that growth seems to be taking place away from the historic downtowns and neighborhoods Bloomsburg is working to revitalize its historic center.

Community Proﬁ le 2.2 Map 1. Municipal Population Density, 2005 Map 2. Municipal Population Percent Change, 2000* to 2005 Columbia County Columbia County

Community Proﬁ le 2.3 Map 3. Municipal Population Density, 2005 Map 4. Municipal Population Percent Change, 2000* to 2005 Montour County Montour County

Community Profi le 2.4 At the same time, there have been changes in industry within both Change in Population 1990-2000 for Study Area Municipalities Columbia and Montour counties as several major employers have Compared to Montour and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania left the area and opened gaps for other employers to move in and and Nation. 2000 redevelop former industrial sites. Residents in both counties agree that local improvement eff orts to revitalize historic core communities 1990 2000 % would promote healthy growth in the area for a better future and Bloomsburg Township, Columbia County 12,439 12,375 -0.5% improve overall quality of life. They see amenities such as trails as Catawissa Borough, Columbia County 1,683 1,589 -5.6% playing an important role in providing incentives for companies, individuals and families to move into the area, attracting and Catawissa Township, Columbia County 1,037 944 -9.0% endearing them to the downtowns and communities to which the Montour Township, Columbia County 1,419 1,437 1.3% trails are connected. Improving local connections to the river and CooperTownship, Montour County 934 966 3.4% surrounding landscape will promote the development of trail-support businesses, such as outdoor outfi tters and paddling and bicycle Danville Borough, Montour County 5,165 4,897 -5.2% shops. In addition, encouraging growth within existing communities Mahoning township, Montour County 4,134 4,263 3.1% and downtowns will help preserve the region’s “town and country” Columbia County, Pennsylvania 63,202 64,151 1.5% landscape in which towns and villages have traditionally been surrounded by agricultural and forested lands. Montour County, Pennsylvania 17,735 18,236 2.8% Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 11,881,643 12,281,054 3.4% United States 248,709,873 281,421,906 13.2%

U.S. Census Bureau; http://factﬁ nder.census.gov

Change in growth and population density suggest that historic downtowns and communities are losing residents to more rural areas and villages. Revitalization eﬀ orts like creating trail systems can encourage families and businesses to move into and reside within traditional neighborhoods and in downtown business districts.

Community Proﬁ le 2.5 Demand for Trails Trail Priorities Residents see regional trail development as a means of promoting Municipalities in rural Pennsylvania rarely meet the recreational healthy lifestyles and increasing the attractiveness of local needs of their residents. Most have an insuﬃ cient amount of acreage communities as places to live and raise families. The North Branch dedicated to park land, but worse the design of existing parks fail to Canal Trail will increase quality of life by elevating recreational meet the needs of all residents and all age groups. Presently most amenities, a clean and healthy environment, cultural awareness and recreation facilities are geared towards the youth with little thought appreciation, economic development and community pride and spirit. for teens, young adults, adult and mature adults. Trails are an ideal remedy – providing recreational opportunities to those residents Trails help reinforce community pride and connectedness by providing often overlooked. A developing trail system will be accessible and a place for local events and activities that bring people together challenging to all – whether it’s used for a slow stroll with friends or through common interests. Trail related events can range from for a long-distance workout. As bookends on the design of the North community-wide annual celebrations like fall foliage festivals to Branch Canal Trail – Danville and Bloomsburg are excellent candidates small weekly events like bird- for ‘Trail Towns.’ With Danville as a regional center for the health watching meetings or biking- care industry (Geisinger and Merck / Cherokee Pharmaceuticals) and club rides. On a daily basis, Bloomsburg being a college town – there is a large number of trail trails are places for residents enthusiasts ready to be tapped. As mentioned before – in this new to meet and interact with global economy – trails are not just a nice amenity to have in your each other informally; these community. If the Middle Susquehanna Region and communities such encounters might be casual, as Danville and Bloomsburg want to compete economically in the but they still can play the future – they need important role of reinforcing to build features the bonds people feel to their like the North fellow residents and the larger Branch Canal Trail community. to attract and retain talented workers. Quality recreation is a key to attracting economic Trail-associated events can attract families and businesses to the area. (left) Amenities opportunity. like parks and trails are a source of pride for the community. (right)

Community Profi le 2.6 Perspective on Greenways and Historic Structures in its own right. It holds true to the vision of the much larger Susquehanna Greenway by “unveiling the spirit of the region” while Greenways provide connections between people, places and “renewing awareness of its distinctive scenery, its natural and cultural communities. Historic structures provide a connection to the past heritage. It is a destination shaped by diverse people and the pursuit and off er links to local and regional culture and heritage. Greenways of their dreams” (Susquehanna Greenway Partnership). As it did in the are a way to connect the remnants of the past to the communities past, the North Branch Canal can link these communities once again, of the present. A combination of the two demonstrates evolution bringing renewed interest and economic growth into the places that of American life while creating a new relationship between places shaped America’s history and can shape its future. and their history within a region. Historic greenways enhance the signifi cance of our towns and communities and raise awareness of their connections to the river and other ‘river towns’ up and down the Susquehanna.

The North Branch Canal Trail will help protect historic structures and the environment.

The towpath can connect people to the local landscape and local heritage.

In the Middle Susquehanna Region the historic North Branch Canal corridor can be viewed as a greenway combining natural and cultural resources. The region’s canals enabled towns along the Susquehanna River to ﬂ ourish and connected them physically and economically to one another. The North Branch Canal Trail is an historic greenway The historic Rupert Lock entrance walls.

Community Proﬁ le 2.7 Community Proﬁ le 2.8 3 Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis

Community Profi le 2.9 Community Profi le 2.10 Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory restoration and conservation of scenic, cultural and natural resources. and Analysis Examples of conservation greenway goals and methods include view shed protection along a scenic byway, land use controls around a municipal water supply, native tree buff ers along stream corridors in Conservation Greenways agricultural or developed roadways, fi elds planted to create wildlife habitat feed plots or a wetland wildlife preserve. Conservation Trails are a great resource for engaging the greenways can also address farmland preservation, the protection public in dialogue about larger community of historic land use patterns such as woodlots or hedgerows, or the conservation ideas and priorities. One of the preservation of historic sites and structures. most important assets of the North Branch Canal area is scenic rural character as it relates to the Susquehanna River. A strategic approach Conservation Strategies For The North Branch Canal to conserving and preserving the resources The trail project has the potential to achieve multiple objectives. The that support those rural qualities and river development of a local and potentially regional trail system can be connections is critically needed for the designed to simultaneously accomplish goals for natural, cultural region. and scenic resource conservation. A trail system can help community members engage with the local environment. Trail planning can Although trails are typically part of greenways, not all greenways carry North Branch Canal Trail Study Area trails. As it exists today, the North Branch Canal’s greenway is primarily a natural area of forested river edge providing important habitats and Danville ecological functions important to river Bloomsburg health. The history of transportation is N or ridge zone written on the landscape by the river, th Br anch Canal Trail Corr towpath, canal, railway, and highway. idor Incorporating a trail for hiking and bicycling would create opportunities Catawissa for people to experience the greenway The North Branch Canal Greenway will help protect the river, deciduous forests, more intimately. Improvements to steep slopes, wetlands, abandoned and the greenway could also support the working farmlands, and many cultural The major elements shaping the study area are the core communities, the river, canal corridor, and resources. ridgeline.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.1 also stimulate active thinking and participation in planning for the Route 11, the primary highway between the two towns. To the south, growth and development of the larger area. Trail building can be however, a ridge line separates this valley and the river between used to link existing or future resources such as parks, public spaces, the two towns. This modest ridge has steep slopes and cliff s that downtowns and neighborhoods. Investment in trails can encourage occasionally encroach into the fl oodplains and sit close to the river smart-growth development in and around towns and villages, where banks. The proximity of the ridge to the river has protected the study infrastructure already exists and new development is most eff ectively area by limiting the spread of development along the river itself. The accommodated. Trails can promote healthy activities such as walking, river, canal, rail and roadway run loosely parallel or tightly together in jogging, biking and simply spending time outdoors and in the response to topographic constraints. environment. Trails can bring people together by providing a place for chance meetings, casual interactions, and community events. The opportunities that trails provide to connect communities to local culture, heritage and the environment can in turn become the catalyst for greater conservation eff orts because people are more likely to care about and protect things that they experience and enjoy on a regular basis.

Landscape Character The study area corridor of the Wetlands, deciduous forests, the railroad, and agricultural fi elds all are components within the landscape. North Branch Canal Trail is Further upstream, where the steep slopes pull away from the fl ood- recognized as being a secluded prone banks, irregularly-sized and shaped agricultural fi elds have been area of natural and pastoral planted and fi ll the gaps opportunistically. Some of these have been beauty. Moving against the abandoned and are quickly deliberate, rolling courses of reverting back to wetlands and the Susquehanna, one fi nds woodlands. Within the steeper settled and levee-fortifi ed and narrower sections of the fl oodplains at Danville, which corridor, uninterrupted views sits at the foot of a valley of the Susquehanna are rare and mountain pass on the due to an extensive canopy of banks of the river. The same Topographic view up the Susquehanna North Branch deciduous hardwood forests. valley runs east from Danville from Danville to Bloomsburg. Source: Google Earth Through this area, groupings and extends in a straight line all the way to Bloomsburg and carries Views open up across the river to Catawissa Mountain.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.2 of wooded islands occasionally divide the river channel, reducing the perceived scale of the river and giving much of the stretch a highly As an historic transportation natural, intimate and enclosed feel. Approaching Catawissa, however, route, the North Branch is an the steep slopes pull back even farther, giving way to a greater important cultural resource; proportion of agricultural lands and opening up wide and dramatic the remnants along its banks vistas over the fi elds towards rolling hills and Catawissa Mountain. can help tell the old stories and Upstream from Catawissa, the landscape opens up even more and interpret those former ways of the river makes a dramatic bend north before turning northeast again life. In addition to possessing where it reaches the university town of Bloomsburg. incredible scenic and recreational potential for the region, the The levee system protects Danville from fl oods but River river corridor is inextricably tied also cuts the town off from the river. to the environmental health of The North Branch of the Susquehanna River is the heart of the the area. The North Branch of the Susquehanna and its adjoining landscape between Danville and Bloomsburg. However, from a human fl oodplains, wetlands, tributary streams and riparian buff ers provide perspective, the presence of this vital element within the landscape signifi cant bird and wildlife habitat and contain valuable and is weak, causing the river resource to remain underappreciated and environmentally sensitive areas. under utilized by local communities. Much of Danville is surrounded by a levee system that protects the town from periodic high waters History suggests that past but also cuts views of the river off from the town. Bridges at Danville generations were tied to the and Catawissa provide some of the most accessible panoramic views river by work, communication of the river as it exists today, but these views are of the most built-up and transportation. The river, areas of riverbank. The its tributaries and surrounding secluded nature of the landscape also provided food river as it runs between and water that helped support Bloomsburg and Danville everyday life. Today, the has helped it to remain riverside communities of the Historically, the river was a major transportation scenic and beautiful, Susquehanna no longer rely on route, but its importance for shipping waned but a dearth of publicly with the building of canals and railroads. Source: the river for their livelihoods accessible land prevents Montour County Historical Society. and connections to the outside that beauty from being world. Instead, the river has become an under utilized resource enjoyed by locals and with incredible potential for hiking, biking, bird watching, boating, visitors alike. The North Branch of the Susquehanna River is the heart of the landscape between Danville and Bloomsburg. sightseeing, learning about local history, and more. New relationships

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.3 to the river could be established that would benefi t the health of rainfall and runoff absorb into the ground where water is fi ltered communities, individuals and the landscape. before entering waterways. The riparian buff ers of greenways also promote healthy streams and rivers by shading and cooling waters Rivers, Streams and Watersheds and providing a steady input of leaf litter and insects, both of which help to support fi sh populations. The overall quality of the North Branch of the Susquehanna River is aff ected by the quality of individual RIVER CONSERVATION TOOLS tributaries feeding into it as well as by direct runoff from surrounding Watershed Research and Planning lands. There are some high quality The Susquehanna River Heartland Coalition for Environmental streams within the Susquehanna’s Studies (SRHCES) is a watershed organization whose geographic focus North Branch watershed, but none Riparian buff ers around streams and rivers encompasses the lower stretches of the North Branch Susquehanna River of those retain that designation all the help protect fi sh and wildlife by allowing watershed. At present, SRHCES partners include representatives from six ecological processes to occur. way to the river itself. In general, the academic institutions (Bloomsburg University, Susquehanna University, upper reaches and headwaters of creeks and streams leading into the Bucknell University, Lock Haven University, Kings College, and Lycoming river are of higher quality than lower reaches feeding into the river. College), the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Several infl uences combine to various degrees to reduce the quality the Northcentral Pennsylvania Conservancy, the Western Pennsylvania of streams as they travel further from their respective sources. Some Conservancy, SEDA-COG, Forum for the Pennsylvania Heartland, and the Geisinger Health System. SRHCES’s stated mission is to promote are aff ected by acid mine drainage from the Anthracite coal region. collaborative, community-based research opportunities between local Others are aff ected by nutrient and sediment pollution. Runoff from organizations, colleges and universities. agricultural lands can aff ect the nutrient balance of streams, while erosion and sedimentation from disturbed soils reduces oxygen levels The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and raises water temperatures in streams and rivers. The clearing directs the Rivers Conservation Program. Since the mid 1990s, there of trees and shrubs from streams and rivers can also raise water have been over 100 River Conservation Plans developed across the temperatures and increase sedimentation in the waterway. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. These plans inventory and analyze watersheds and make specifi c project recommendations to protect The creation and protection of greenways around rivers and streams and enhance the water quality of these watersheds. Large segments helps to improve the quality of waterways in many ways. Maintaining of Northcentral Pennsylvania lack a Rivers Conservation Plan. The development of a Rivers Conservation Plan would be an opportunity a vegetative riparian buff er reduces surface runoff , erosion and for the region to undertake more watershed planning activities, raising sedimentation. Limiting hard, non-porous surfaces and encouraging awareness of the importance of the region’s critical water resources. the presence of trees and vegetation around streams and rivers helps

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.4 Improved River Access Wildlife Habitat Private land ownership is a common obstacle to river access along the Bald Eagle and Peregrine falcons are returning to nest along the North Branch. This segment of the river only has limited river access for Susquehanna River corridor. A wide, natural river corridor is an boating with designated public boat launches in Danville and Bloomsburg. excellent conduit for wildlife of all types. Water quality has generally been improving on the river as municipal sewage treatment plants Floodplain Management have developed or been upgraded and as more farmers integrate best management practices. The ecological health of the river landscape is Our region’s river communities prospered due to their proximity to the negatively aff ected by invasion plant species such as Japanese Knotweed river, canal and rail transportation links but were at the same time and Purple Loosestrife that choke out existing native plant communities devastated by the fury of fl ooding. Floodplains are needed to slow and that wildlife rely upon for food and shelter. A program to control or reduce the spread of fl ood waters and to provide natural areas suited eradicate invasion plants would improve the river landscape for wildlife. for both active and passive recreation and wildlife habitat. Floodplains should be kept free from obstructions, including structures, to ensure the View shed Protections protection of life and property. Regional fl oodplain management projects have included the removal of homes located within the fl oodplain. Things look diff erent from the river, as a canoe or kayak trip down the Susquehanna River will show. The river corridor is highly scenic, and one can often enjoy quiet solitude within a landscape of water, forest and rolling Historic Preservation / Restoration hills. To maintain the qualities of the river, the stream side forests, hillsides There are several historic buildings and structures located along the river and ridges should be protected. A scenic assessment was completed as part and many more are eligible for designation and restoration. These historic of planning the Susquehanna Greenway. This information could serve as a sites are as essential to the character of the river landscape as the river starting point for established view shed protections for the river corridor. A and its natural features. Preservation of the scenic and historic landscape view shed analysis would be performed to identify the most highly visible is needed to prevent the proliferation of development. Remnants of the areas, and land use policies and standards would be enacted to protect the North Branch Pennsylvania Canal are found throughout the corridor and most scenic and highly visible areas. off er unique opportunities for heritage interpretation and restoration.

Farmland Preservation Prime agricultural soils in the river landscape should be kept in production. Preservation of these working farms will achieve multiple objectives including limiting low density development, preserving scenic rural character, and enhancing wildlife habitat.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.5 Canal The North Branch Canal ran 72 miles from Northumberland to the Lackawanna River above Pittston. Water was introduced into the Like the Susquehanna River, the canal in 1830, and the Wyoming became the fi rst canal boat to travel North Branch Canal is an incredibly the still unfi nished North Branch between Berwick and Bloomsburg. rich cultural and environmental The canal was fi nished as far as Wilkes-Barre by September 27, 1831. resource that communities could The Wyoming extension completed the route to Pittston by 1934. use to increase active and passive An extension of the North Branch Canal from Pittston was ultimately recreational opportunities within connected through Elmira to Lake Seneca in New York, through which the region. The canal-era came From 1831 to 1901, the North Branch Canal carred goods and people throughout the Middle the still used Erie Canal could be accessed, but this was not achieved to a close in Pennsylvania at the Susquehanna Region. until 1856. beginning of the 20th century, so it is amazing that canal remnants may be clearly read in the landscape Canal building in the early 19th century was incredibly labor-intensive today. Even more amazing is the opportunity that currently exists to and a major achievement for the reconnect to local heritage using the old canal path to meet today’s region. Canals such as the North needs for recreation, healthy living and connection to nature. Branch were built above the level of rivers in order to avoid the most regular fl ooding, yet close enough to minimize excavation and canal grade changes. The North Branch Canal was constructed following at least the minimum dimensions of 28 feet across the bottom, 40 feet wide across The towpath is an earthen structure running the top, and 4 feet deep. The along the river side of the canal. ten-foot wide towpath ran next to the canal between it and the river. The canal bed and towpath were earthen constructions that were technically simple, although grueling to construct, but the earthen banks were also vulnerable to erosion and sedimentation and required regular maintenance.

Canals were built throughout Pennsylvania during the 19th century.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.6 By comparison, locks were heavily reinforced and tended to be very well built in order to remain operational while enduring the regular bumping and jostling of boats against their side walls with the raising and lowering of waters. The locks were built of stone and then faced with protective wooden By comparison, locks were heavily built stone planks that could be more easily structures lines with wooden planks. Source: replaced than the stone if damaged. Montour County Historical Society. Curved entrances guided boats into the locks and wooden gates separated successive pens through which waters were passed to raise or lower boats to the new water level. Generally, locks were strategically located where grade changes reached six to twelve feet; the use of lock systems allowed the majority of the canal system to remain close to level. ‘

The North Branch Canal, which dropped 69-feet over its 72.5 miles, required seven sets of locks between Northumberland and Pittston. Both cargo and passenger boats traveled along the canal routes Historic surveys document the canal and can be used for restoration work today. through Pennsylvania. Cargo boats Today, the North Branch Canal remnants and surrounding landscape were allowed to travel no more than have taken on an entirely diﬀ erent, much more naturalistic character four miles per hour in order to avoid than they had during the canal-era. During those times, a thriving damaging wave action that could timber industry and practical concerns of operating canals meant that weaken the structure of the canal’s towpaths and the surrounding landscape were kept largely clear of side walls. Packet boats, the name trees and shrubs. Historic canal survey documents reveal that a limited given to passenger boats, were lighter number of trees were found on the river side of the towpath. None and, therefore, allowed to travel six were permitted to grow on the canal side because they would obstruct miles per hour. Boats were typically the path of mules pulling the boats from the towpath. Supporting pulled by teams of four to six mules Some sections of the locks are remarkably the survey evidence, historic photographs from the area show wide intact today and should be actively open areas around the canal and full views of the river. The canal traveling along the towpath. preserved in the future.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.7 VALLEY CONSERVATION TOOLS Regional Planning and Zoning Regional comprehensive planning and zoning is probably the single most important tool needed to guide regional growth and development. Plans and policies should defi ne targeted growth areas and provide incentives for good quality development. Quality regional planning and zoning will reduce redundant land uses and allow for more strategic investment in costly water, Working farmlands make up an important View shed protection is an needed in valleys where sewer and road infrastructure, while preserving rural resource areas. part of the cultural landscape and should vistas open up towards distant ridges and mountains. be protected. Source Water / Wellhead Protection bed itself was drained each winter and mowed clear of vegetation each spring before being refi lled with water. A century of disuse has Protecting municipal water supplies requires proper land management in large areas around existing and future wellhead locations. Local allowed the riverbanks and canal to become heavily reforested with governments should continue to utilize the opportunities presented in deciduous hardwoods forests, making the area seem more remote the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code to develop comprehensive and unmanaged than it would have in the 1800’s. land management ordinances that address groundwater resource protection and enhancement. Forest and farmland, when properly Valleys and Agricultural Fields managed, can produce quality groundwater. Wellhead areas of infl uence should be zoned for low-impact development, and timber, forest and The agricultural lands between Danville and Bloomsburg are scattered agricultural best management practices, especially those that govern and irregular, but are nonetheless an important landscape feature nutrient management, should be implemented. that refl ects an essential aspect of the region’s character and heritage. Small scale farming has long been practiced throughout the river’s Farmland Preservation fl oodplains, supplying food for individual families and helping to support other industries, such as canal trade and Danville’s iron industry. Susquehanna River municipalities should devise a plan to prioritize the preservation of farmland by providing local money to be matched by state contributions to the Farmland Preservation Program. Farmland In addition to the role of farming in food production and the local preservation should be done strategically to assist in developing economy, agricultural lands possess scenic value which emphasizes the agricultural core areas that will ensure the economic viability of farming pastoral and bucolic nature of the area. The open areas of croplands in the future. Preservation of working farms and the implementation of a tell about life in the area and also provide grand views to surrounding greenway trail can be mutually benefi cial endeavors. hillsides, towns and villages. They are divided with fences, windbreaks and woodlots, and provide a picturesque contrast to the lush, shaded green under the deciduous canopy of the area’s hardwood forests.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.8 Agricultural Best Management Practices Floodplains, Wetlands and Steep Slopes Practices such as nutrient management, no-till farming, stream fencing, Prime Farmland installation of stream crossings and livestock waste management can have signifi cant impacts on water quality. Greenways can integrate The majority of the study area is located within the fl oodplain of the many of these features, including stream buff ers, grass swales, fencerow Susquehanna River. The area also contains a substantial amount of and windbreak plantings. steep slopes as well as some wetlands. Floodplains, wetlands, and steep slopes possess limited potential for development, which has Watershed Restoration served to protect the natural beauty of the area. Conversely, these otherwise marginal lands are ideal places to promote recreational Most Susquehanna River tributary streams are degraded due to nutrient opportunities and appreciation of the river and its surrounding and sediment pollution stemming from agriculture, acid mine drainage, or other factors. The river itself is impacted by nutrient and thermal landscapes. pollution linked to municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The relatively small size of tributary streams makes tangible water quality Ridge improvement possible. The school districts could be leaders in this area Ridges surround and also defi ne the northern edge of the North by engaging in Adopt-a-Stream and Adopt-a-Watershed programs as long-term applied community service projects for elementary, middle Branch Canal study area. Historically, and even today, these forested and high school students. ridges have topographic barriers that have directed growth and aff ected settlement patterns and transportation routes throughout the region. Their predominantly forested slopes and heights have scenic and ecological value as habitat for birds and wildlife.

Floodplains and wetlands are poor for Ridges provide a sense of enclosure along development, but hold a great deal of potential for the river and have protected the area from environmental conservation and recreational use. development.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.9 Town and Country RIDGE CONSERVATION TOOLS Like much of Central Pennsylvania, the North Branch landscape Land Use / Design Guidelines features small towns and villages that are supported by a large base These lands are best suited for land use policies that encourage woodland of rural agricultural and forested lands. The former signifi cance conservation, sound management and stewardship. of the river in the region is refl ected in the sighting of virtually all historic towns along its banks or tributaries. The unique economies Sustainable Forest Management and industries supporting the towns of Bloomsburg, Danville, and Timber production from the ridge landscape is a suitable use of forest Catawissa have helped each to develop a distinct personality and resources, but best management practices that ensure the sustainability local character. Today, however, they share the common trend of of timber harvest while protecting other resources such as water, losing density and population to surrounding townships, farmlands wildlife, aesthetic qualities and recreation should be encouraged. and more rural developments in conjunction to eff ects from recent Private landowners engaged in timber production should do so under changes in local industries. These communities all see value in the guidance of a timber management plan that implements sustainable revitalizing their historic downtown cores and improving amenities forestry and best management practices and that encourages selective, that would encourage growth and further investment into these sustainable yield cutting as an alternative to clear cutting. Participation in voluntary programs such as the Forest Legacy Program should also be areas. Revitalization projects will help protect historic and cultural encouraged. resources of traditionally populated areas while alleviating pressure on traditionally rural areas. Focusing growth into core communities will, Scenic / View shed Protections in turn, protect and encourage the “town and country” pattern that has shaped the identity and character of the area in a positive manner Visual and light pollution from poorly planned and designed ridge for so long. development will impact a large area. While land uses that preclude development should be the fi rst priority, if limited development is allowed in this area, stringent zoning and performance standards should be developed to address the use of natural materials and colors, unobtrusive lighting, natural landscaping and placement of structures – all with the intent of minimizing negative visual impacts.

In the region, river towns have historically been surrounded by agricultural ﬁ elds and woodlands. Encouraging this tradition over the development of rural areas will help protect the area’s unique cultural identity.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.10 TOWN AND VILLAGE CONSERVATION TOOLS that would improve Smart Growth access to local parks and natural areas via Smart growth is about smart investment and livable communities. sustainable and Infrastructure is costly to build and maintain. Smart growth encourages healthy modes of new development to be integrated with the community in the most transportation effi cient manner, strategically targeting areas for future development by providing necessary services such as roads and sewer and water services such as walking, only where new development is desired. Because the traditional town and jogging, and village model is so important in defi ning the character of the region, it is bicycling. a logical model for how to incorporate new growth and development. One method of smart growth development is Traditional Neighborhood Design Disconnected parks, playgrounds and sports fi elds are the main (TND). public open spaces in the study area today.

Traditional Neighborhood Design TND is a style of new development that mimics historic models of Transportation and the Landscape: Rivers, Canals, Railways, development that included mixed uses, compact development, walkable and Roads streets and abundant public spaces (streetscapes, parks and trails). These elements of TND are often associated the characteristics people use to Historic structures connect people to the past. The winding ribbons deﬁ ne quality of life. Within the North Branch corridor, TND can best be of the river, canal bed, railroad and roadway tie not only Danville to used within and around existing towns and villages. Targeted investment Bloomsburg, but the land and its people to past times and ways of life. and development will bring new vibrancy as well as new economic opportunity to these valued historic communities.

Public Open Space and Natural Areas There is very little public open space within the study area. In addition, what public space does exist is clustered, irregular and not inter-connected. Several small parks and recreational sports ﬁ elds may be found in Danville, but then there is a gap of almost ten miles before another public space is encountered in Bloomsburg. Opportunities exist for the towns to make use of the historic canal The Lehigh Canal is an example of an historic In their heyday, canals were vital arteries for canal in the region that has been restored and shipping and travel within the region. and contemporary levee systems to develop a contiguous trail system is now used for public recreation.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.11 Prior to the 1820’s, the Susquehanna River was the main artery for moved forward for construction. The long-held idea of building a transportation throughout the region. The river had been declared canal parallel to the river became the accepted solution that was a navigable highway in the 1770’s, yet traveling along the untamed put into action. The North Branch Canal was constructed between river was a slow and often treacherous venture through which goods the years of 1828 and 1935, roughly coinciding with the building were regularly lost or damaged. Despite the dangers, river shipping of the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. The North Branch Canal ran and passenger travel continued to grow through the opening between Northumberland and Pittston, but was part of a much larger decades of the 19th century. Means of taming the Susquehanna and regional canal system of which the Pennsylvania Main Line was the alternatives to river travel were discussed but not successfully pursued primary artery. The North Branch Canal connected to the Main Line in Pennsylvania until after a particularly bad accident occurred on the via a branch known as the Susquehanna Division. The canal system North Branch at Berwick in the spring of 1826. While trying to pass thrived for several decades in Pennsylvania. Anthracite coal, pig the Nescopeck rapids, the steamboat Susquehanna became stranded iron, limestone, brick, lumber, molasses and farm products were just on rocks which jammed the wheel and caused one of the boilers to some of the major goods that were regularly shipped along the North explode, killing four and severely wounding many passengers. This Branch at the height of its use. tragic event became one of the catalysts to develop a safer means of transportation through the region. Canal traffi c probably reached its height in the region during the Civil War, yet even at its peak the successor to the canal system was Alternatives to risking continued already fi rmly established in the region. Some of the fi rst railroads in passage along the wild Susquehanna Pennsylvania had actually been built to serve as links between canals were debated. A series of dams was where the waterways were not feasible. Eventually, many railways proposed to bring the North Branch were built through previously canal-dominated routes, rendering into check and ease the task of water them obsolete. One of the major downsides to canal shipping was that travel, yet these discussions never canals could not be used during winter when they were emptied and otherwise frozen over. The North Branch Canal Company operated the canal through the turn of the century, by which time it was losing money and it was clear that the Pennsylvania canal system had outlived its usefulness. The North Branch Canal was abandoned in June 1901, and railways fully took over as the primary means of travel and transport. Shortly thereafter was the advent of the automobile era. As the car industry boomed over the course of the 20th century, the development of highways and the interstate system caused

Trains eventually supplanted canals as the primary At the narrows, the various transportation shipping to shift from trains to vehicles and trucking. mode of shipping and transport. routes run closely together.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.12 As each mode of transport supplanted its predecessor, it added its Plan Today for Change Tomorrow own path that can now be seen in a cross section of the landscape Communities and their surrounding environments are always through the study area. At the narrows in particular, one can view changing. Changes in demographics, economies, culture and the building eff orts of each era in close proximity to one another; the environment aff ect the identity, behavior, and needs of each new mode sits just away and above the previous one. The river communities. As trends shift, local resources and landscapes can persists, with the towpath and canal corridor just up its banks to become susceptible to a variety of pressures with the potential to the north. A few feet away and at a somewhat higher elevation lays permanently alter their existing character. Protecting the integrity the North Branch railroad, where trains pass by just about once a of a landscape begins with developing an understanding of what day. More frequently, cars travel along the roadway which again sits cultural, environmental, and scenic resources it possesses and how further away from the river and on higher ground. those elements contribute to its overall character. In turn, Although cars and trains still actively use the corridor, the average appropriate land use protections resident has little opportunity to slow down and appreciate the area’s need to be established that will heritage. Without another route, such as the North Branch Canal Trail allow for change and growth for hiking and biking, this successive history of transportation will without creating potentially remain largely un-interpreted and unknown to the local community. adverse impacts on those vital A towpath trail would provide fi rsthand interaction with the historic resources. Provisions that are route at a pace of travel reminiscent with that of the canal-era. Key adapted to the unique qualities sites, such as lock houses, wells, and locks could be restored and/or of the North Branch landscape interpreted. In specifi c areas, vegetation could be also selectively through Columbia and Montour cleared and the channel fi lled with water, restoring the canal and counties are needed in order to towpath to its 19th century condition and character. safeguard the cultural heritage, environmental integrity, and rural character of the area for current and future generations.

Planning today for change tomorrow will help historic towns remain strong and vital.

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.13 Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.14 4 Trail Concepts

Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.15 Natural, Scenic and Historic Resources Inventory and Analysis 3.16 Trail Concepts multiple modes of transportation: foot, bicycle, boat access, and possibly equestrian use. Project phasing will allow trail expansion as necessary over time to accommodate heavier or new uses. Greenway Vision 3. Concentrate development: Trails will be built out from core “The Susquehanna Greenway Partnership is dedicated to developing and community and historic downtown areas to help support growth in sustaining the Susquehanna Greenway to connect communities and enrich those areas. The community-integrated trail system improves the lives through enhanced recreation, healthy living, economic prosperity and walk and bike-ability of neighborhoods, creating healthy lifestyle environmental stewardship.” opportunities for Pennsylvania residents. Project phasing will concentrate on core community trails fi rst for the most effi cient use The North Branch Canal Trail was selected as one of eight early of resources for the greatest impact and immediate usability for demonstration projects for the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership. residents. It was chosen because of its multi-dimensional approach and 4. Increase job opportunities: Community-integrated greenways potential to demonstrate many of the benefi ts of greenways. and trails promote healthy living and improve the quality of life Benefi ts of the canal trail are envisioned to be seen in the areas for communities, helping to retain and attract a diverse, educated of recreation, transportation, health, economics, education, the workforce. Downtown connections can help attract new businesses environment, fl oodplain management, and quality of life. to the area and will tie into other local improvement and revitalization eff orts. Meeting the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Keystone 5. Foster sustainable businesses: Trail development supports Principles for Growth, Investment and Resource opportunities for bike shops, outfi tters, sporting goods stores, bed Conservation Principles and breakfasts, cafes and restaurants. The trail and railway could also support a shuttle service for bikers and paddlers being dropped The North Branch Canal Trail will address many of Pennsylvania’s off in Catawissa or Bloomsburg so that they can ride back to Danville Keystone Principles in direct and indirect ways. without needing cars at both ends.

1. Redevelop fi rst: Rather than building a trail through pristine lands, 6. Restore and enhance the environment: Trail development will the trail will make use of a former transportation corridor, the canal. It incorporate the protection of sensitive environments and will will rehabilitate a threatened resource by stabilizing, maintaining and seek to avoid potential impacts to rare and endangered plant and making use of the historic towpath infrastructure. animal species. Providing access to previously secluded areas of the trail corridor will promote awareness of natural resources by local 2. Provide effi cient infrastructure: Trail design will support anticipated communities, potentially fostering other conservation eff orts. As a usages without being overbuilt; core areas with heavier pedestrian and demonstration project of the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership, this bicycle use will be wider and more formal to support greater numbers project will raise awareness and excitement for other projects that will of users than more remote, light-use areas. The trail will promote respect and enhance natural lands and resources throughout the state.

Trail Concepts 4.1 7. Enhance recreational and heritage resources: Hiking, bicycling, and Creating Connections possibly equestrian trails will be provided along the 12-mile corridor. The North Branch Canal Trail is envisioned as a linear corridor that Susquehanna River access will be improved for fi shing and boating. will create linkages between the places where people live, work Passive recreational opportunities, such as bird watching and fall and recreate while providing new opportunities for close-to-home foliage viewing, will be possible throughout the corridor. Trail design and character, use of the historic towpath, and the interpretation recreation. This project is possible because of the willing cooperation of historic remnants will celebrate and connect people to the area’s of the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority in the development of a “rails canal-era heritage. with trails” corridor that allows for public use of trails in conjunction with an operating and profi table railroad. The greenway will contain 8. Expand housing opportunities: Neighborhood and downtown- a series of trailheads at key hubs in towns and public spaces with accessible trails will foster growth in those areas, which is compatible trails in between providing access to communities, the Susquehanna with county and local plans to promote smart growth within historic communities rather than in traditionally rural areas. River, recreational opportunities, nature, and environmentally and historically signifi cant landmarks. The trail project ties into the larger 9. Plan regionally; implement locally: The North Branch Canal Trail is a goals of the Montour County Recreation Plan for creating connections local demonstration project for the regional Susquehanna Greenway and providing recreational opportunities for residents. Partnership. The trail project fi nds ways to address regional goals to “connect communities and enrich lives through enhanced recreation, healthy living, economic prosperity and environmental stewardship” through the identifi cation of local needs and the development of a project that is sensitive and celebratory of the local context. Project phasing can also allow the trail to be expanded over time and even tie into a regional network of trails. 10. Be fair: Community involvement throughout the planning and design process will ensure that social, economic and environmental goals View of Downtown Bloomsburg. (above) are met. Although terminating in core communities, this project will View of Downtown Danville. (right) also increase recreational opportunities within rural areas of the two counties where there is currently a 10-mile stretch of land between public open spaces. The trail planning and design process will seek collaborative partnerships with all adjacent land owners so that their needs can be met while creating a functional and contiguous trail.

www.phmc.state.pa.us/bhp/pkb.pdf

Trail Concepts 4.2 Demonstration Projects

North Branch Canal Trail

LOCATION: Middle Susquehanna Region, Columbia, Montour and Northumberland Counties

BENEFIT: Healthy Living

PROJECT GOALS: > Connect Northumberland, Danville, Bloomsburg and Berwick by a regional trail. > Preserve the natural character of the canal corridor and protect environmentally sensitive areas. The North Branch Canal Trail is > Enhance the historic canal remnants by developing unique trail design guidelines. a demonstration project of the > Encourage multiple modes of transportation. > Interpret the history of the canal system and its significance to Susquehanna Greenway. Pennsylvania’s transportation heritage.

COMPONENTS: > Conduct a feasibility study of the North Branch Canal corridor. > Design and construct a prioritized trail segment. > Improve trails to enhance recreational experiences.

PROPOSED USES: Hiking, Biking, Public Access Waypoint

LEAD SPONSORS: SEDA-Council of Governments

SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS: Columbia County Montour County Montour County Recreation Authority WILKES BARRE Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Pennsylvania Department of Transportation BLOOMSBURG Pennsylvania Environmental Council DANVILLE Federal Highway Administration

COST: $1,000,000

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: 2006–2007 Feasibility Study 2007–2008 Pre-Engineering / Final Design 2008–2009 Construction

CONTACT INFORMATION: Brian Auman SEDA-Council of Governments 201 Furnace Road Lewisburg, PA 17837 570.524.4491 [email protected]

Trail Concepts 4.3 Hubs Landmarks The towns of Danville, Catawissa and Bloomsburg have been Landmarks are unique and notable places within the greenway to identifi ed as the core hubs to be linked by the trail system. Hubs which the trail will provide access or views. Some landmarks may serve both as trailhead access points and destinations; it is logical, also be at trailheads and hubs, while others will only be accessible therefore, to locate hubs in towns and villages where residents have via the trail itself. Important views, cultural clusters, sensitive and easy access to the trail resources. Within the towns, public and semi- scenic natural areas are all diff erent types of landmarks that will be public lands, such as parks or town squares, are ideal places to locate encountered along the North Branch Canal Trail. Eff orts will initially trailheads because they tend to be local landmarks and spaces that focus on the protection of existing landmarks, while subsequent serve other functions for the community. In addition, trail connections phases may involve interpretation and restoration or rehabilitation of to other public spaces help improve non-motorized access between important features or entire sites. public amenities, increasing recreational opportunities and promoting healthy living. Within Danville, potential trailheads could be located at F.Q. Hartman Field, Danville Waterfront Park, Washies Playground, Danville Soccer Park and PA Fish and Boat River Access. Logical termini near Bloomsburg might include Bloomsburg Town Park, Market Street and the existing Rupert trailhead.

The Catawissa Rail Bridge and covered bridge over Fishing Creek are two landmarks along the trail corridor.

Some landmarks within the greenway study area include: Fishing Creek Canal Aqueduct Remnants The Narrows Catawissa Area Rupert Area Catawissa Rail Bridge Danville Canal Lock Rupert Canal Lock Rupert Covered Bridge and Bike Route Bloomsburg Town Park Bloomsburg’s Market Street Downtown areas of Bloomsburg, Catawissa and Danville are all key hubs to which the trail will connect.

Trail Concepts 4.4 Trails process. The historic canal path has been largely erased within the town, and the levees are already used informally as paths by the Trails are used to tie landmarks and hubs together, enabling the public. The raised levees provide views out over Danville and the collective system to become greater than the sum of its individual Susquehanna River and they are easily accessed from several points parts. However, they are much more than ways to reach places, and within the town, including F.Q. Hartman Field, Washies Playground the trail experience can be rich, diverse, and fulfi lling. Trails themselves and Railroad Street. become opportunities to educate, provide recreation, highlight the As the trails pass beyond the towns, they will provide access to an area local environment, celebrate heritage, and connect people with the dominated by farms, forests, the river and fi elds that few people will landscape. Trails can follow natural or man-made resources such as have experienced fi rst-hand. The presence of the river will be strongly streams, rivers, ridges, canals, roadways and railroads. felt along the trail, since the towpath lies much closer to or even along its banks, whereas the road is typically set back from the river at a Through the North Branch corridor, the historic canal and towpath signifi cant distance. system is an ideal route for the trail system to follow. The towpath is almost entirely owned by the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority and it makes use of largely extant historic infrastructure. Because the Trail Concepts: Character and Width towpath is raised above its surroundings, it is also in the best place in The North Branch Canal Trail is anticipated to be a project that is the corridor to minimize damage from fl ooding. completed in phases over time. Moreover, the trail will be divided into districts, each with a unique character and individual goals based on Community members its local surroundings and proximity to core communities. Trail design agree that off -road and character will respond to anticipated use levels, experiential goals, routes are preferable context, and local heritage. In order to create a rich and interesting, to those that use roads but also cohesive experience, guidelines will be developed for all trail where pedestrians elements, features and accessories. Surface materials, trail width, and cyclists would be level of exposure or enclosure, trailhead design, interpretive elements, put into contact and and signage all work together to create a complete experience for potential confl ict with visitors. The way they interact and play off of each other can tell the vehicles. In and around story of the landscape and its people. The anticipated use of the Danville, use of the historic canal and towpath give the trail a unique and exciting unifying levee system will be element. It is anticipated that the design and character of the trail and explored as a trail route Streetside community access points encourage walking or individual features will reference the canal-era and help tell the story through a separate biking to trailheads. of that increasingly forgotten time. master planning

Trail Concepts 4.5 Core Communities Logic suggests that the North Branch Canal Trail will be most heavily used near populated areas. Trailheads will, therefore, be concentrated Trail Hierarchy in and around community centers and public parks. Easy access means that local families and individuals will be able to use the trail for casual evening walks, jogging and exercise, and impromptu bicycle rides. Trail users making regular, spontaneous, and informal outings along the trail are likely to start from in-town where trailheads can be reached by walking or a short drive. They are also likely to travel only Light-use remote areas. Trails are narrower and more a short distance, perhaps a mile or two, along the trail before turning rustic* around and heading back home. Heavy-use areas near and within communities. Trails are wide and formal to Because the sections of trail closest to Danville, Bloomsburg and accommodate regular usage Catawissa are going to be used most heavily, they will need to be designed to accommodate more frequent and denser groups of Core Community Trail Access Zones people. They will need to be designed to allow hikers, bicyclists, dog walkers, families with children, and parents pushing strollers to travel *Are*All trails areare designed designed to to be be universally universally accessible accessible along the trail and enjoy the outdoor experience simultaneously. In anticipation of this, core-area trails will be designed to be wider and have a more formal, park-like character than more remote sections Hierarchical trail design will accommodate greater numbers of users in and around community cores. of the trail. Design elements will relate to the heritage and character of their surroundings; the Danville-area trail could reference the iron industry, while Bloomsburg’s trail connections could relate to that town’s unique history.

Trail Concepts 4.6 Trail Objectives Trail Concepts Environmental Fitness, Recreation, Economic Education Community Stewardship and Healthy Living Stimulation Connections Hub Areas Provide outdoor classroms; Close to home recreation Community-accessible Local history; iron history; Linking historic centers promote walking and biking within Danville, trails are local ammenites; canal-era; river connections and neighborhoods; on trails as alternatives to Bloomsburg, and access in key areas and natural processes. linking of public spaces; driving. Catawissa; non-motorized can attract people to interconnected system of access between public historic downtowns public parks space. and neighborhoods; communitits with trails attract high-quality, educated work force and businesses to commercial areas; promote sustainable businesses such as outfi tters and bike shops. Remote Areas: Woodland preservation; Hiking; biking; possible Trail corridor conservaton Native plants and animals; Creating linkages and Environmental fl oodplan management; equestrian use; boating will target development natural history-river. public spaces between regulated wetland access; fi shing access; bird- in town, reducing costly communities Focus protection. watching; wildlife viewing. infrastructure being built in rural areas. Remote Areas: Farmland preservation; Hiking; biking; possible Herigare and nature Canal and industry era. Connecting communities Cultural Clusters scenic view shed equestrian use. tourism will benefi t the with the past conservation; preservation entire region of canal remants.

Trail Concepts 4.7 Land Use Core Community Concepts Land uses in the proposed trail corridor include residential, commercial, agricultural, recreation, utilities, railroad, surface-street Connect to downtown and neighborhood areas and highway uses. Roadway right-of-ways may be used where oﬀ - Stimulate economic development and redevelopment of industrial sites Revitalize historic centers road options are not available or where the trail could help revitalize Develop loops to create a more diverse trail experience the local community. The levee system for ﬂ ood protection may be Keep trails away from roads used where possible in the Danville area. where possible

W al Wide trails kin ving and community g, hy li inter for heavy use Create an biki ealt acti Land Ownership ng, h ons inter-connected system of parks Use levee sy stem Land owners include SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority, the and recreational fo Continue trail r t municipalities of Danville, Catawissa, Rupert and Bloomsburg, as well areas rails to lighter-use natural areas as numerous private owners. A survey of the corridor needs to be and other communities completed to identify potential conﬂ icts of ownership and prepare the Open views to the river sale of land from the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority to an entity that will hold the trail corridor.

Core community trails can meet many recreational needs while providing benefi ts to business Opportunities dictricts and residential neighborhoods. Core community trails are great resources for downtown and neighborhood communities; they can be used to revitalize downtown Challenges businesses and to create a linked system of parks and public spaces. Recreational uses are for walking, biking, exercise, sightseeing, Canal remnants are less contiguous in and around towns and and small-scale community group uses, such as walking clubs or may not present the most logical routes for trails in those areas. bird watching events. In-town and near-town trails can provide safe Alternatives also need to be found in access for children to schools and parks. They provide sightseeing the areas requiring cooperation or other opportunities and chances to interpret and teach locals and visitors arrangements with private land owners. about town history. In an area so closely tied to health care, trails will Within landowner partnership areas, promote healthy living at a personal level through recreation and the trail will work with the existing exercise. From an environmental perspective, the trails will promote a landscape, utilizing additional vegetative healthy environment by encouraging emissions-free ways of getting buff ers designed to allow public use of the land while respecting private In addition to providing fl ood around. protection, the Danville levee could be ownership. used to create a wonderful trail system.

Trail Concepts 4.8 Railroad & Trees and vegetation River Road selectively removed to clear trail and open views to the river and surrounding landscape.

Min. 8’ Clearance Outdoor classrooms could be located at tributary The Catawissa Rail Bridge would be an ideal crossings to study wild-life, aquatic organisms and structure to convert into a pedestrian and Views maintained to Susquehanna River water quality. bicycle bridge.

Old Canal Vegetated or Remote Areas Corridor riprap stabilization as needed Between Danville and Catawissa, there are roughly 10 miles of trail

Vegetation allowed to grow in corridor between public spaces and communities. This stretch of old canal bed remote trail will see much lighter trail usage simply because it will take more time and eff ort to get to and is not as easily reached from Typical 10’ wide trail with grass and groundcover management on both sides Not to Scale town. Hiking and mountain biking are the primary anticipated uses of remote areas of the trail. Equestrian use will also be considered. Boating and fi shing access to the river will also be In Danville, the levee off ers an ideal place to build the trail and the improved through the corridor. With lighter daily feasibility of using the infrastructure is being considered. The levee in use in mind, it makes sense that remote areas of Wilkes-Barre was recently raised by three feet; temporary pathways the trail be built at a much smaller scale than core may need to be established if similar plans exist for the Danville area trails at least in the short-term. Here, the levee. Within core communities, the trail will occasionally need to trail width will be narrower than in town, it will cross or utilize roadways and especially bridges; user safety needs to also be more informal and, consequently more be considered as a priority in these circumstances. Upstream from intimate. Remote areas of the North Branch Canal Catawissa, the Catawissa Rail Bridge sits as a potential resource for Trail will cross through historically signifi cant cultural clusters and special areas of environmental developing a loop trail between Catawissa and Bloomsburg. The In remote areas, most possibility of using the bridge to carry the trail, user safety, liability importance. Trail design through these areas could of the towpath trail will be designed to take on specialized and unique be left fairly natural and maintenance all need to be explored for this opportunity. and wooded, with characters in response to important local features. occassional openings to views of the river.

Trail Concepts 4.9 Two Approaches to Remote Areas Within cultural clusters, initial work will need to focus on the stabilization of these historic structures. Later, they can be restored or Environmental Integration rehabilitated depending on resources and interpretive goals. Possible One concept for remote sections of the trail is to highlight the intimate interpretive work might involve constructing the frame of the lock house connection with nature and the river landscape through a rustic trail or restoring working gates in the Rupert lock. In Rupert, the trail could experience. This might involve selective pruning and tree clearing to potentially be run along the canal bed to give visitors a close-up view of open up views along the Susquehanna, but otherwise preserving the the stonework, which still contains some of the iron pegs that were used deciduous forest so that the tree canopy shelters and provides dappled to buff er the stone with wooden planks. Although not in a remote area, shade to hikers and cyclists. These trail sections will focus on ecological historic interpretation would play a major role in trail design through restoration and the protection of sensitive areas such as wetlands. downtown Danville, which was a major hub during the canal-era. Interpretive elements might be discreet and limited, allowing the simple experience of secluded woodland to take over. They will be ideal areas Another approach to the interpretation of historic resources might for birding and wildlife viewing, and certain spots could be made into involve the formal restoration of a section of the canal and towpath. In outdoor classrooms for school groups or guided naturalist programs. an area where the canal has naturally refi lled with water, the towpath When encountered, the opening of views to reverting farmlands, could be cleared and leveled to its mid-nineteenth century character. working agricultural fi elds and the greater landscape will enhance a Because this would involve a signifi cant amount of tree and vegetation sense of rhythm along the trail, crystallizing the uniqueness of each removal and subsequent maintenance, an historic restoration approach section through the contrast of intimate enclosure with expansive views. only makes sense for limited sections of the trail. Additional signage and Connections to the past will not be ignored, and the design of elements, interpretive elements could help tell the story of the canal days. such as footbridges over gaps in the towpath will be inspired by canal-era The Department of the Interior’s bridges and other vernacular structures. Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Resources should be used Heritage Interpretation as a guide when developing a plan Throughout the study area, the trail will run along the historic towpath for historic resources. This handbook wherever logical and the comprehensive design of the geometric, provides an overview of several evenly-graded trail is intended to respond to and highlight the cultural ways that historic resources can be importance of the canal in all areas. In addition, there are several treated. Depending on available cultural clusters with signifi cant historic features that warrant resources and project goals, cultural interpretation and celebration within the corridor. The most obvious and clusters can be preserved, restored, perhaps signifi cant of these are at the sites of the historic Danville and or rehabilitated. The Guidelines Rupert locks. In addition to lock wall remnants, the Danville lock also suggest ways that cultural contains the foundation of an old lock house and a well. The stone walls resources can be stabilized, restored The formal restoration of a naturally rewatered or interpreted, and maintained. stretch of canal would give visitors a glimpse of of the Rupert locks are remarkably intact with beautiful curving stone the area’s canal-era heritage. walls at the lock entrances.

Trail Concepts 4.10 Land Ownership Heritage Area Concepts Most of the corridor in remote areas is owned by the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority, which is a willing partner in trail development.

Signage and history However, there may be areas of private ownership along speciﬁ c walks can teach about the history of areas of the towpath, where landowner cooperation or alternative “Rehabilitation" vs. “Restoration” transportation: river, routing of the trail will need to be established. For example, there are A naturally re-watered stretch of canal, rails and roads canal enhances historic character: a number of residential lots east of Danville through which the trail an ideal area for full restoration corridor would need to run. The project team will work cooperatively Heritage Learning H ik in with these and other landowners to establish the trail parallel to g , The trail passes through lock B iki River Road. Trail routing and design will work in conjunction with and remnants along the canal bed ng, Tow Path carries trail to reveal historic stone walls enhance the existing landscaping in order to accommodate public and gate reconstructions use of the trail without creating a nuisance or liability for private Historic structures are first Trees and shrubs are stabilized and then maintained, thinned to mimic canal-era Historic structures landowners. interpreted, or restored vegetation patterns inspire the design of trail elements, including bridges and signage Natural Area Concepts Tree canopy makes the narrower trail feel more secluded, rustic, natural and intimate Special natural Remove invasive and areas, like Preservation land promote native plant cliff-faces, Farm wetlands and species Protect tributaries sensitive Cultural clusters can be managed in a variety of ways that will help people learn about and connect provide areas to the past. opportunities to create outdoor . ding, Etc , Bir classrooms cess l Ac rsa ive Un se, ian U Land Use uestr Hiking, Biking, Eq River access for Land uses through the remote areas of the North Branch Canal Trail fishing and Linking natural areas boating include the utility lands of the active North Shore Railroad, River and landmarks to Selective pruning opens Road, rural residential and agricultural areas, as well as recreational communities views to the river campgrounds.

Natural areas can promote active recreation, connect people to the environment, and protect ecological resources. Trail Concepts 4.11 North Branch Canal Trail: Typical cross-section of Light-use Towpath Trail

Trees and vegetation selectively removed to clear trail and open views to the river and surrounding landscape. Railroad & River Road

Min. 8’ Clearance A management plan will need to include the Signage and trail accessories will need to endure monitoring of and immediate response to hot, humid summers and freesing winters. Susquehanna River ﬂ ood damage along the trail corridor.

Old Canal Corridor

Opportunities for riparian Heritage areas can provide opportunities to learn about the canal-era Fill above existing buffer enhancement tow path level to and the history of transportation in the area. At present, a feasibility protect historic Vegetated or riprap elements stabilization as needed: trees study is being conducted for the Middle Susquehanna Heritage Area removed during trail clearing used to stabilize banks Opportunities for wetland & habitat through the State Heritage Area Program. The North Branch Canal Trail enhancement plantings: erosion and sedimentation controls used to corridor comprises an important piece of this larger heritage area. protect wetlands during construction Typical 6’ wide trail with vegetation management on both sides Not to Scale Challenges There are a variety of issues and concerns that would need to be addressed prior to the development of the trail through remote areas. Opportunities First and foremost, an organization needs to be identifi ed that will Hiking and bicycling are planned as the primary recreational uses hold the corridor and assume liability and maintenance for the trail. In through environmentally-focused remote areas. The possibility of addition, a survey needs to be conducted that will identify potential expanding the trail to accommodate equestrian use can also be land ownership confl icts along the corridor. Because the trail will lie explored. In addition, passive recreation, such as bird watching, within an active rail corridor, appropriate safety standards need to be wildlife viewing, and fi shing will also be encouraged. River access developed and followed to protect the interests of the public as well as for fi shing, boating, and sightseeing will be improved through these the North Shore Railroad and SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority. stretches while respecting private land ownership. Natural areas can be used as outdoor classrooms for school groups and the general The proposed trail corridor also sits within a fl oodplain, making it public to teach about native plants, animals and about the history of susceptible to high waters and erosion. Design features, such as land use and ecological succession in the region. signage or benches must also be able to endure periodic fl ooding

Trail Concepts 4.12 North Branch Canal Trail: Cross-section for Tow Path Trail within narrow right-of-way

Susquehanna River

A combination of vegetative, topographic and structural barriers can be used to separate and protect trail users from train right-of-way .

Impacts to rare and endangered A management plan needs to be developed to stabilize and plant and animal species will be protect historic structures like the Rupert Locks. assessed. and the extremes of hot, humid summers and freezing winters. Regulated wetlands will need to be protected, using proper erosion and sedimentation controls during trail construction.

Narrow right-of-way puts trail within required setback from railroad right-of way. Special exemptions are The use of the towpath calls for trail design that is sensitive to the historic required from the rail authority. Additional safety precautions will allow for the safe use of trails and rails. infrastructure. The historic lock structures will require stabilization in Trail design and uses will need to comply with safety standards established in cooperation with the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority to safety accommodate the public use of land within an active order to prevent weathering and deterioration. Earth moving and the railroad right-of-way. clearing and grubbing of vegetation will need to be completed in an environmentally sensitive manner. Proper erosion and sedimentation Regulatory Issues controls are necessary to minimize sediment runoﬀ s and their associated impacts if they were to reach streams, wetlands or the river. The North Branch Canal Trail will need to be assessed for its potential impact to environmental, historic and cultural resources. A preliminary Access by emergency vehicles and maintenance equipment may be an review request will be sent to the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Index issue along remote trail sections; additional access points may need to (PNDI), which will review the study area for potential impacts to rare and be established. Trail building may also prove challenging in remote areas endangered plant and animal species. Another review request will be due to the diﬃ culty of bringing in equipment. Use of equipment will also sent to the Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission (PHMC) to need to be sensitive to historic structures and elements. A maintenance identify any potential impacts to historic cultural artifacts. The focus of guide needs to be developed for the dry-laid stone walls and other the canal trail on enhancing the environment and celebrating the area’s historic structures in this segment of trail. history should be conducive to the objectives of both PNDI and PHMC.

Trail Concepts 4.13 Safety and Security Phasing A number of safety and security concerns need to be addressed in Phased implementation and construction is planned for the North the design and maintenance of the trail corridor. Trail design and uses Branch Canal Trail. Residents would like to establish usable sections will need to comply with safety standards established in cooperation of the trail quickly which could be expanded and developed further with the SEDA-COG Joint Rail Authority to safely accommodate as resources allow. The construction of the “Danville Core” section of the public use of land within an active railroad right-of-way. Use of the trail is planned for phase one. Like the “Danville Digs” trail section the levee in Danville will need to be approved by the Department of built by volunteers in July 2007, this section of trail would be used to Environmental Protection and a safe bicycle and pedestrian crossing show the potential of a full Danville to Bloomsburg trail and to build over Route 42 needs to be established. Long sections of the trail will excitement for further expansion of the system. Core community be isolated and access to those remote corridor sections is currently areas will be constructed fi rst because they will be the most accessible limited. Emergency access to the trail will need to be considered and and the most heavily used. They will consequently result in the most accommodated. At present, cell phone coverage is patchy within effi cient use of resources in relation to projected use by the public. the corridor, presenting another potential concern that may need to be addressed. Lighting is a safety amenity that will be limited to The trail system will be expanded out from hubs to logical termini, trailheads in order to reduce light pollution in natural areas, reduce such as specifi c landmarks or access points. Eventually, the trail will construction and operating costs, and reinforce the goal of supporting be run between Danville and Bloomsburg with a connection across only dawn-to-dusk trail use. Safe and respectful use of the trail will the river to Catawissa. Additional loops may be established close to be promoted through the posting of rules and regulations at all hubs so that users can travel along short circuits rather than along the trailheads. Lastly, same trail in two directions. One possible loop could be created using rules may need to the historic Catawissa rail bridge in addition to the Route 42 bridge to be developed for Catawissa. the simultaneous use of the trail The development of specifi c trail sections may need to be phased. In by bicycles and particular, heritage-focused sections will need to begin with historic pedestrians. This resource stabilization and protection. Once that is completed and an will certainly need ongoing maintenance program established, historic features could be to be addressed if restored, rehabilitated, or interpreted. sections of the trail are also opened to equestrian use. Trailheads will be located at public parks, sports fi elds, neighborhoods and downtowns.

Trail Concepts 4.14 Project Phasing Phase III: Trail Construction – Star Barn to County Line Key Elements: Emergency Access, 2 Miles of Trail and the The North Branch Canal Trail will be implemented in multiple phases. Construction of 15 Bridge or culvert crossings. At the time of the preparation of this report, the following phases Estimated Timing: Years 2-3 constitute a logical methodology of realizing the North Branch Canal trail, linking Danville and Bloomsburg. The order of this phasing Phase IV: Trail Construction – County Line to Rupert may change over time to reﬂ ect new opportunities and constraints. Key Elements: Emergency Access, Route 42 Underpass, Construction An adaptive management philosophy should be adopted to seize of 6 Bridges and the Rehabilitation of the old Fishing Creek Railroad opportunities when they present themselves – to realize a Danville to Bridge. Bloomsburg connection in the shortest possible timeframe. As of this Estimated Timing: Years 4-5 writing - the suggested phasing and estimate time for constructing the various segments of the North Branch Canal Trail is as follows: Phase V: Danville Riverfront Trail Development Key Elements: A separate Master Planning process is being Phase I: Survey, Land Transfer and Trail Master Site Plan undertaken to consider the speciﬁ c needs of developing the Key Elements: Trail Corridor Survey and Master Plans and Design Danville Riverfront – including FQ Hartman Field, Riverfront Park Standards for All Canal Trail Elements (Trail Head, Trail, Signage, and a Levee-based trail system. This planning and implementation Kiosks, Shade Structure, Fencing and Seating process began in 2007 and will be on its own time schedule for Estimated Timing: Year 1 implementation. Estimated Timing: Years 5-6 Phase II: Trail Construction – Danville Soccer Field to Star Barn Key Elements: Trail Head Parking Area, 2.5 Miles of Trail Phase VI: Bloomsburg Town Park and Downtown Connection Construction, Temporary Bridge Structure and the Construction of 4 Key Elements: See Bloomsburg Town Park Master Plan for Trail Bridges. Connections to Town Park and Downtown Bloomsburg. This Estimated Timing: Years 1-2 planning and implementation process began in 2007 and will be on its own time schedule for implementation. Estimated Timing: Years 6-7

Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Phase V Phase VI

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Projected Timeline for Implementation Trail Concepts 4.15 Funding Sources Partnerships The following organizations will be considered as potential sources of •Susquehanna Greenway Partnership project funding: •Columbia County •Pennsylvania Department of Transportation – Transportation •Montour County Enhancements •Columbia-Montour Visitors Bureau •National Parks Service – Chesapeake Bay Gateways Network •Montour Area Recreation Commission •Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) – Growing Greener Fund •SEDA-Council of Governments •DCNR - Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship/Stream Relief Program •Susquehanna Studio

•USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service – Wildlife Habitat North Branch Canal Trail Concept Plan: Legend Incentive Program Community Hub Heavy-Use Trail Buffer Area Bird-Watching Area •USDA Conservation Reserve Enhancements Program (CREP) •National Fish and Wildlife Federation Light-Use Trail Buffer Area Boat Access Cultural Cluster • Cycling Trail Chesapeake Bay Foundation – Trees for Streams Program Tow-Path Trail

•Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection – Growing Equestrian Access to be Off-Road Trail considered Greener Fund Natural Area

Facilities •Pheasants Forever On-Road Trail •Ducks Unlimited Habitat Programs Viewshed Hiking/Walking/Jogging Trail •Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission Historic Landowner Partnership Area Preservation Grants Sports Field / Playground Community Connection •National Endowment for the Humanities – Interpreting America’s Views Places Grants River Gap in Tow Path Water Trail Area of Interest

Future expansion options Trailhead or existing trail connections Wildlife Viewing Area

Trail Concepts 4.16 North Branch Canal Trail Corridor Conceptual Design — Panel 1

Future expansion to other towns or Connection to the Manley Robbins regional trails Pedestrian & Bike Path

F.Q. Hartman Field: Danville Area Future site of youth multi-sport complex School Complex: Safe Routes to School Opportunity Downtown Mill Street Revitalization: Trail coordinates with Trailhead “Hometown Streets” project With parking & amenities

Views from the Levee: Running the trail on the levee & Neighborhood selective pruning opens views to Connections: the river Community Revitalization

North Branch Canal Trail Concept Plan: Legend and Redevelopment of Industrial Sites Community Hub Heavy-Use Trail Buffer Area Bird-Watching Area

Light-Use Trail Buffer Area Boat Access

Cultural Cluster Cycling Trail Tow-Path Trail

Equestrian Access to be Off-Road Trail considered Natural Area Danville Riverfront Facilities On-Road Trail Enhancement Project

Viewshed Hiking/Walking/Jogging Trail Future site of enhanced riverfront property Landowner Partnership Area and access to the Susquehanna River. Sports Field / Playground

Community Connection Views River Gap in Tow Path Water Trail Area of Interest Future expansion to other

Future expansion options neighborhoods or towns Trailhead or existing trail connections Wildlife Viewing Area Phase V: Danville Riverfront Area to Danville Soccer Fields Trail Concepts 4.17 North Branch Canal Trail Corridor Conceptual Design — Panel 2

Washies Playground: Neighborhood Access and connection to parks and recreational facilities

North Branch Canal Trail Concept Plan: Legend

Community Hub Heavy-Use Trail Buffer Area Bird-Watching Area

Light-Use Trail Buffer Area Boat Access

Cultural Cluster Cycling Trail Tow-Path Trail

Equestrian Access to be Off-Road Trail considered Natural Area

Facilities On-Road Trail

Viewshed Hiking/Walking/Jogging Trail Landowner Partnership Area Sports Field / Playground

Community Connection Danville Soccer Park Views River & Trailhead: Gap in Tow Path Water Trail Area of Interest Recreation, Parking & Amenities Future expansion options Bridge across Trailhead or existing trail connections Wildlife Viewing Area tributary: Views to Bluffs “Gateway to Danville”

PA Fish & Wildlife Wetlands: Possible outdoor Boat Access Area classroom opportunity Landowner Partnership Area Phase V: Danville Riverfront Area to Danville Soccer Fields Phase II: Danville Soccer Fields to Star Barn Trail Concepts 4.18