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Allegheny Portage Railroad THE HISTORY AND GEOLOGY OF THE ALLEGHENY PORTAGE RAILROAD BLAIR AND CAMBRIA COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA May 11, 2002 Guidebook for the PITTSBURGH GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Field Trip Saturday, May 11, 2002 THE HISTORY AND GEOLOGY OF THE ALLEGHENY PORTAGE RAILROAD, BLAIR AND CAMBRIA COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA Trip leader: John A. Harper, Pennsylvania Geological Survey For additional copies of this field trip guidebook, contact: Pittsburgh Geological Society PO Box 58172 Pittsburgh, PA 15209 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 Historical Perspective .................................................................................................................2 The Pennsylvania Mainline Canal System .....................................................................2 A Tunnel Through The Mountain ...................................................................................5 The Advantage Of Railroads ..........................................................................................6 Construction (Finally!!!) .................................................................................................8 Railroad Bed .......................................................................................................9 Railroad Tracks ...................................................................................................9 Ropes .................................................................................................................10 Engines ..............................................................................................................10 Hoisting Mechanism .........................................................................................11 Locomotives ......................................................................................................13 Canal Boats and Cars ........................................................................................14 Completion of the Railroad ...........................................................................................15 The New Allegheny Portage Railroad ..........................................................................15 The Demise of the Portage Railroad .............................................................................17 Regional Geology .....................................................................................................................18 Physiography .................................................................................................................18 Drainage ........................................................................................................................21 Stratigraphy ...................................................................................................................22 Structural Geology ........................................................................................................23 Economic Resources .....................................................................................................26 Non-Fuel Mineral Resources—Metallic ...........................................................26 Non-Fuel Mineral Resources—Non-metallic ...................................................27 Fossil Fuels—Coal ............................................................................................30 Fossil Fuels—Oil and Natural Gas ...................................................................33 Edward Miller and the Geology of the Allegheny Portage Railroad ........................................34 Introduction ...................................................................................................................34 Miller’s Geological Observations .................................................................................35 Miller’s Collected Specimens .......................................................................................37 Road Log and Stop Descriptions ..............................................................................................39 Stop 1. Chimney Rocks Park: Keyser Formation and Field Trip Overview ..............43 Stop 2. Inclined Plane No. 10 ......................................................................................51 Stop 3. Inclined Plane No. 8 ........................................................................................54 Stop 4. Edward Miller’s Siliceous Limestone (The Loyalhanna Formation) ..............57 Stop 5. Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site .........................................61 Stop 6. Lilly Culvert ....................................................................................................67 Stop 7. Inclined Plane No. 3 and Brush Creek Marine Zone .......................................69 Stop 8. Johnstown Flood National Memorial ..............................................................77 Stop 9. South Fork Dam ...............................................................................................83 Stop 10. The Staple Bend Tunnel and Inclined Plane No. 1 ........................................84 Stop 11. The Conemaugh Viaduct ...............................................................................85 Stop 12. The Johnstown Canal Basin ..........................................................................88 iii Page References Cited .......................................................................................................................96 Recommended for Additional Reading ..................................................................................103 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Allegheny Mountain from Catfish Ridge above Hollidaysburg .................................3 2. Map of the Pennsylvania canal system and associated railroads ................................5 3. Stone “sleepers” along the Allegheny Portage Railroad right-of-way ........................9 4. Edge rails and stone “sleepers” on the Allegheny Portage Railroad ..........................9 5. John Roebling, inventor of wire cable for the inclined planes ..................................10 6. Plan view of a typical stationary engine house .........................................................12 7. Cross sectional diagram of a typical stationary engine house ...................................13 8. “Safety car” used on inclined planes .........................................................................13 9. Locomotive used to pulled cars on the levels between inclines ................................13 10. An early passenger car on the Portage Railroad .....................................................14 11. Sectional canal boats ...............................................................................................14 12. Sectional canal boat on railroad tracks ....................................................................15 13. The Conemaugh Viaduct .........................................................................................15 14. The northeastern portal of the Staple Bend Tunnel ................................................15 15. Generalized physiographic map of Blair and Cambria Counties ............................18 16. Portion of the Digital Shaded-Relief Map of Pennsylvania ....................................19 17. Generalized geologic map of Blair and Cambria Counties .....................................21 18. Generalized stratigraphic column ...........................................................................22 19. Generalized structural cross section ........................................................................24 20. Generalized stratigraphic column showing names of coal beds .............................31 21. Generalized oil and gas fields map of Blair and Cambria Counties .......................33 22. Map of the field trip and the locations of the stops .................................................40 23. The old quarry at Chimney Rocks Park ..................................................................43 24. The Keyser limestone at Chimney Rocks ...............................................................44 25. Hollidaysburg, circa 1840 .......................................................................................47 26. Topographic map of the Hollidaysburg canal basins and feeder reservoir .............47 27. Inclined Plane 10 .....................................................................................................51 28. A culvert beneath Inclined Plane No. 10 ................................................................52 29. The differences between random and coursed ashlar stone ....................................52 30. The Blair Homestead ...............................................................................................53 31. Inclined Plane No. 9 ................................................................................................53 32. The Muleshoe Curve Bridge ...................................................................................54 33. Inclined Plane No. 8 ................................................................................................55 34. Incline Plane No. 8 as it appears today ...................................................................55 35. The Rockwell Formation .........................................................................................56 36. Inclined
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