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Johnstown, Pennsylvania and Vicinity

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Johnstown, Pennsylvania and Vicinity DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 447 MINERAL RESOURCES j . ' OF JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA AND VICINITY BY W. C. PHALEN AND LAWRENCE MARTIN SURVEYED IN COOPERATION WITH THE TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY COMMISSION OF PENNSYLVANIA WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 CONTENTS. Introduction.............................................................. 9 Geography............... ; .................................................. 9 Location.............................................................. 9 Commercial geography................................................... 9 Topography............................................................... 10 Relief...........................................................:.... 10 Surveys......... V.................................................... 11 Triangulation................................. fi. .................. 11 Spirit leveling.................................................... 13 Stratigraphy.............................................................. 14 General statement.................................................... 14 Quaternary system..................................................... 15 Recent river deposits (alluvium).................................... 15 Pleistocene deposits............................................... 15 Carboniferous system. r ............................................... 16 Pennsylvanian series ............................................... 16 Conemaugh formation.......................................... 16 General character ................................ r ....... 16 Detailed description........................................ 18 Wilmore sandstone member............................. 18 Summerhill sandstone member......................... 18 Morgantown ("Ebensburg";) sandstone member.......... 19 Harlem (?) coal........................................ 19 Red shale. ........................................... 19 Saltsburg sandstone member............................ 19 Buffalo sandstone member............................. 20 Gallitzin coal.......................................... 20 Lower red shales....................... 1............... 20 Mahoning sandstone member............................ 20 Allegheny formation........................................... 22 General character...:..................................... 22 Detailed description........................................ 25 Upper Freeport coal................................... 25 Upper Freeport limestone member...................... 25 Bolivar clay member.................................. 25 Butler sandstone member.............................. 25 Lower Freeport coal.................................... 25 Lower Freeport limestone member..................... 25 Upper Kittanning (Cx) coal............................ 25 Johnstown limestone member........................... 26 Coals between Upper.and Lower Kittanning coals....... 26 Lower Kittanning coal................................. 27 Lower Kittanning clay member............-.....:....... 27 Kittanning sandstone member ......................... 27 Brookville and Clarion coals............................ 27 Pottsville formation............................................ 27 4 CONTENTS. Stratigraphy Continued. Page. Carboniferous system Continued. Mississippian series................................................ 28 Mauch Chunk shale........................................... 28 Pocono formation............................................... 29 Devonian system....................................................... 29 Catskillformation......................... 1....................... 29 Structure.................................................................. 30 Mode of representation.................................................. 30 Structure in the Johnstown quadrangle.-................................ 31 General statement................................................ 31 Detailed description................................................ 32 Wilmore syncline.........:.................................... 32 Viaduct anticline.............................................. 33 Johnstown basin............................................... 33 Laurel Ridge anticline.......................................... 33 Barnesboro or Westover syucline............................... 34 Minor structures................................................ 34 Mineral resources.......................................................... 35 Introduction.......................................................... 35 Coal................................................................... 35 General description................................................. 35 Upper Freeport coal........................................... 35 Lower Freeport coal............................................ 35 Upper Kittanning (Cx) coal..................................... 35 "Lower Kittanning (Miller) coal................................. 36 Character and importance.................................. 36 Coking tests................................................ 38 Miscellaneous tests....................................:'.... 39 Lower Allegheny coals......................................... 39 Composition of the coals........................................ 40 J Description by districts..........................................'... 42 Johnstown district............................................. 42 Extent.................................................... 42 Conemaugh coals.......................................... 43 Character and distribution............................. 43 Gallitzin coal.......................................... 43 Mahoning coal........................................ 43 Allegheny coals........................................... 44 Geologic position...................................... 44 Upper Freeport coal.................................... 48 Name and position................................. 48 Extent and development.......................... 49 Chemical character................................ 49 Occurrence and physical character.................. 49 Lower Freeport coal.................................... 51 Name and position................................. 51 Extent and development........................... 51 Chemical character................................ 5l Occurrence and physical character.................. 52 Upper Kittanning coal.................................. 52 Name and position................................. 52 Extent and development.......................... 53 CONTENTS. 5 Mineral resources Continued. Page- Coal Continued. Description by districts Continued. Johnstown district Continued. Allegheny coals Continued. .Upper Kittanniug coal Continued. Chemical character................................ 54 Occurrence and physical character.................. 56 Middle Kittanning coal................................ 56 Lower Kittanning coal................................. 57 Name and position................................. 57 Extent and development.......................... 57 Chemical character................................ 58 Occurrence and physical character.................. 58 Lower coals........................................... 60 Pottsville coals............................................ 61 South Fork-Mineral Point district............................. 61 Extent.................................................... 61 Geologic position of eoals................................... 62 Conemaugh .coals.......................................:.. 62 Coal near Summerhill.................................. 62 Gallitzin coal................ 1......................... 64 Allegheny coals............................................ 64 Upper Freeport coal................................... 64 Name and position................................. 64 Extent and development.......'................... 65 Chemical character. ................................ 65 Occurrence and physical character.................. 66 Lower Freeport coal.......... L ....................... 67 Upper Kittanning (Cement) coal........................ 67 Name and position................................. 67 Extent and development.......................... 67 Chemical character................................ 67 Occurrence and physical character.................. 68 Lower Kittanning (Miller) coal........................ 69 Name and position....................:............ 69 Extent and development;......................... 69 Chemical character................................ 69 Steaming tests..................................... 70 Coking tests...................................... 72 Cupola tests...................................... 73 Producer-gas tests................................. 76 Occurrence and physical character.................. 76 Lower Allegheny coals................................. 77 Pottsville coals............................................ 78 Blacklick Creek district......................................... 78 Extent.................................................... 78 Geologic position of coals..................... 1.............. 79 Allegheny coals.................................. *i....... 80 Lower Freeport (D) coal................................ 80 Name and position................................. 80 Extent and development. ......................... 81 Occurrence and physical character.................. 81 6 CONTENTS. Mineral resources Continued.
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