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Home , Burtner House, Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Prince George, Neill Log House, Pennsylvania Canal, Sports in Pittsburgh

The Western Historical Magazine

INDEX Volume 52 /.: *v

Published quarterly by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF 4338 Bigelow Boulevard, , Pennsylvania

A Andrews, J. Cutler, rev. of Curry's Blueprint "Account Book of General John Neville," for Modern America, NonNan MilitaryLegis- edited by James H. Moon, with appendix lation of the First Civil War Congress, of letters, pages from account books, maps 199-201 of Reserve Tracts, etc., 345-360 Anti-Mormon feeling, high during investiga- "Account Book of General John Neville," tion of Reed Smoot and Mormon Church, photographic copy of, in Pennsylvania Di- 49; tosome, itwas persecution, 49 vision of Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh; Anti-Mormon petitions, about four million, original in vault storage, 354; appendix, sent to Senators Knox and Penrose from 355-360 Pennsylvania, 50; Knox, four others voted Hall, for Smoot, 50; failure to gain quick ap- "Address at the Dedication of Town proval Senate, 50; after Ligonier, Pennsylvania," June 13, 1969, from entire sum- by Stanton Belfour, 311-314 mer break, Congress to settle almost four- ) year-old case, 51 Agricultural , 67 Appleton Brothers, letters to Mathiot about on Community De- their losses on tunnel excavation on velopment, guiding organization for Point Portage Railroad, 158 Park project, 266; studied by other coun- Arensberg, Charles Covert, "The Spelling of tries, 266; established Point Park Com- Robert Neill Who Built the Neill Log mittee (1945) at request of Gov. Martin, House in ," 275-279 266 Army of , conscripts from , new building dedi- Canadian parishes; officers usually from cated inRiverview Park (1912), 110 French European regiments, often led Allegheny Observatory property, site of two Indians; artifacts include Charleville mus- University buildings (1890), 109-110; sold ket, military swords, a spontoon, pistols, to Protestant Orphan Asylum (1908), 112 pictures of an officer, a non-commissioned The Amazing Pennsylvania , by officer, and a private soldier, 332-333 WilliamH. Shank, rev., 207-208 Arndt,KarlJ. R., and Brostowin, Patrick R^&, "Pragmatists and Prophets :George Rapp Amherst, General Jeffery, favored Transport and J. A.Roebling Versus J. A.Etzler and Act in Pennsylvania Assembly, 260-261 Count Leon," Pt I,1-27; Pt II,171-198 Andrew Jackson and the 3ank War, by Avery, Charles, millionaire patron of Negro Remini, i Robert V. rev., 201-203 education in Old Allegheny, 148

J B Blueprint for Modern America, Non Military Baker, the Rev. Mr., seventh principal of Legislation of the First Civil War Con- Carrier Seminary; enrollment, 21 (1877), gress, by Leonard P. Curry, rev., 199-201199-201 133; removed from office, poor health, 135 Boggs, Andrew, letter to legislator Mathiot The Battle of Princeton, by Samuel Stelle on dangerous status ofDam No. 2 (1832), Smith, rev., 289-290 154-155; letter CFebruary 1832) estimating Battlefield of Churubusco, visited by William repair costs at $100,000, and completion in Joseph MeWilliams' company (Feb. 21), August, 157 401 Bowman, Dr. John Gabbert, engineered suc- Beaujeu, Captain Daniel, French commander, cess of , University killedat Braddock's Defeat, 341 of Pittsburgh, 113; ground bought by Beers, the Rev. Levi, ninth principal of Mellon funds, 114 Carrier Academy; description of campus Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, used Snickley by daughter ; large debt reduced ; Beers to show evils of dueling, then forgot him; criticized for promoting Methodism and Georgian Longstreet pictures Sniffle inde- Republicanism, 135-136 tail, his basic interest people, 44; guiding Belfour, Stanton, "Address at the Dedication spirit behind Pittsburgh Academy (17#), of Town Hall, Ligonier, Pennsylvania" later , 106 (June 13, 1969), 311-314 Braddock- (1758), took Bell, Alexander Graham, litigation extending , but impressment alienated through 600 lawsuits with Elisha Gray, Pennsylvania farmers, 259; magistrates, finally won by Bell,30 impressment officers, threatened, 259; Billquist, Thorsten E., winner of architec- farmers acted through ballot box, 260; tural competition for Allegheny Observa- Pennsylvania Assembly criticized military, tory design for Riverview Park site, 110— 260 Binger, Carl, Revolutionary Doctor Braddock's army, retreat of, shown in Benjamin Rush, 1746-1813, rev., 85-88 diorama at Museum.Museum, 342 Bippus, Dr. Christian C, physician for rich Braddock's Defeat, shown in diorama with and poor of Old Allegheny, 143 relief map of battle site; overlay explains

3 successive actions of battle; six original Burtner Stone House; wife, Martha prints of Orme engravings mounted on case Byerly, whose grandfather was brought wall, 340; sensation in Europe; only six west withBraddock's army, 166 miles from Fort Duquesne; later research Burtner, Margaret Negley, first mistress of has restored much of Braddock's reputa- Burtner Stone House, spent childhood on tion, 341; description of battle, 341;Fort homestead farm in East Liberty, near Ligonier archaeologists collected artifacts Pittsburgh, 166 on route of Braddock's army; loaned by paid expenses year Ligonier Burtner, Philip, for first Fort Museum to Fort Pitt Collec- of first resident pastor for first church tion, 342 (1820*s), 165; facsimile of summons for Braham, W. Walter, rev. ofFenton's Parker jury duty (1833), and tax notice (1835), on the Iroquois, 291-292 169 Branning, Rosalind L.,rev. ofFFramersranters of the Burtner Homestead, environs described, 161 ; Constitution, 208-209 celebration (1921), 161 Brewer, Charles, dry goods merchant philan- centennial thropist of Old Allegheny, 152 "The Burtner Homestead: A Landmark to Brostowin, Patrick R., and Arndt, Karl J. R., Remember," by Vera Burtner Ferree, 161- "Pragmatists and Prophets :George Rapp 169 and J. A.Roebling Versus J. A.Etzler and , begun (1818), recalls old Count Leon," Pt. I,1-27; Pt. II,171-198 houses in eastern Pennsylvania, 162; Brunot, Felix R., charities inOld Allegheny, neighbors helped in construction, 163 ;floor 151 plan described by Clare Singer Burtner for Brunot, R., centennial celebration, 164 ;voting place of Mrs. Felix founder of Widow's Township Lincoln Home of Allegheny (1866), 151 Deer last election for Brynn, Soeren Stewart, "Some Sports in (1864), 164; temporary reprieve from Pittsburgh During the National Period, demolition for interchange to Allegheny 1775-1860. Part Two, Growth and Accep- Valley Expressway; provisions made for tance of Sports: Legal and Illegal 1850- new location, 166 1860," 57-79 Burtner tax receipt facsimile (1821), and tax Burtner, Ellen Harvey, wife of Martin notice (1829), 168 Luther Burtner, last mistress of Burtner Burtner Warranty Land Certificate, copy of Stone House, 166 original, 167 Burtner, Jacob, gave land for community Butler County, convenient to Pittsburgh and burial plot (1863), 165; second master of Pennsylvania ;fever-free climate, 171

cC "The Case of Albert Gallatin and Jeffer- California Irrigation District, construction sonian Patronage," by Jerry W. Knudson, and maintenance expenses for, borne by 241-250 Celoron de Blainville, expedition to nail royal special levy on landowners, 123 plates "Captain Farrago's Letter on Duelling and arms to trees, and plant lead at Judge Breckinridge Kentucky," mouths of six branches of Allegheny and John of painting; copy by Joseph H. Harkey, 251-253 Ohio Rivers; ceremony in Ward, of lead plate exhibited in case, 327 Carnegie, Andrew, grew up in First America, cele- Old Allegheny, 146 Centennial of Methodism in through brated by sponsoring seminaries at Carrier Academy, closed debt Y., Clarion, Pa., 129 (1887) ; buildings and grounds sold to Randolph, N. and Clarion Normal School Association; de- Cerro-Gordo, Company E participates in plorable dormitory conditions, 137-138 battle of (April 1847), 224-226; regiment Carrier Academy, reasons for failure, 138- then part of garrison of Jalapa (May 6), 139 227; descriptions of countryside, 227-229 Carrier Seminary of Western Pennsylvania, Chapultepec, storming of, Company E, at Clarion, founded (1867), 130; classes Greensburg, active in, 237-240 held in old academy building, 130; ten Chartiers Old Town, reportedly near Negley- principals, their biographies and problems, Burtner gristmill, 165 130-137; substantial enrollment under the Chislett, John, probable architect for first Rev. Mr. Steadman; only Normal College stone structure, University of Pittsburgh of M.E. Church, 132; facsimile of charter, (1830), 107 134; attendance rolls, show few students Chitwood, Oliver Perry, Richard Henry Lee: stayed long enough to graduate, 133 Statesman of the Revolution, rev., 203-206 "Carrier Seminary — A Short-Lived Metho- Christie, Robert D., "James Waldo Fawcett," dist Educational Venture," by Samuel A. a memorial tribute, 101-102 Farmerie, 129-140 Churubusco, Battle of, Americans defeat Carroll, Earl, old Alleghenian, produced Santa Ana (1847) ;unable to enter Mexico Broadway's "Vanities," 143 City on anniversary of Cortez's victory

4 (1521); forty-eight hour armistice, 234- Cord, Steven, "Henry George and Urban 235; battle, illustration produced from Renewal inPennsylvania," 117-128 Pictorial Drawings of all the Principal The Cousin Jacks; the Cornish in America, Conflicts, opp. 401 by AlfredLeslie Rowse, rev., 286-269 Clarion State Normal School, founded and boat racing, most popular sports (1887), 132 in Pittsburgh, boat racing, 67-71 ; cricket, Cock fighting and dog fighting, held openly 71-78 in Pittsburgh (1850), 57-58 Crumrine, Boyd, unfinished biography of Collin's Park Trotting Course, 59-61 ;prizes, Elisha Gray mentioned, 33; high school 60-61 ;novelty races, 61 ;"fixedraces," 63 friendship with Gray, 33-34; later, letter Company E, Greensburg, plagued by march- from the famous Gray (1887), 36-38; ing, illness, rain, drill, guard duty, 232-234 Gray's visit in Washington, Pa. (1888), Conner, Paul W., Poor Richard's Politicks : with French medals, 38; story of Gray Benjamin Franklin His New American inPost-GazettePost-Gasette (April9, 1916), 39; letter and fromCrumrine to their high school teacher, Order, rev., 282-284 L.F.Parker, 39-41 Contributions for materials, artifacts, models Curry, Leonard P., Blueprint for Modern of , donors named, 273 America, Non MilitaryLegislation of the Coon hunts, popular in Pittsburgh, 67 First CivilWar Congress, rev., 199-201

D traffic interchanges, 267; two 18-acrc Darlington Library, original parks, 267 lends an trader's Dress parades, drilling, and reviews, constant license issued by Sir William Johnson, entries in William Joseph McWilliams' signed at Fort Pitt by 1848), (1762), Journal (Feb. 24-May 30, 401-406 330 Dumas, Captain Jean, succeeded BeauieuBeaujeu as Davis, Aaron J., planned first of a number French commander at Braddock's defeat; of summer institutes using Carrier Semi- his men and Indian allies fought "Indian , nary (1879) ; became founding father of style"; took advantage of British tactical i Clarion State Normal School, 135 errors, 341 *\u25a0 Design of Point Park uncluttered, 266 ;basic Dutchtown, Old Allegheny, nostalgic memo- elements, highways, rivers, fort sites, 267; ries of, 148-151

E January 1834 floodhad damaged Dam No. Eakin, Miss MyrlIrene, InCommemoration 2, 158 Gifts listed, 211 Etzler, J. A., criticism by Roebling ofEtzler's Edwards, the Rev. Mr., tenth and last prin- unbusinesslike judgments, 172 cipal of Carrier Seminary ;principal, teach- Evans, Miss Evelyn, In Commemoration i) er, general factotum; wife, one helper Gift for Mr. James Waldo Fawcett, 102 J cooked, cleaned, baked for all, 136-137 Exhibit Arrangement, Fort Pitt Museum, Emerson, Edward P., letter to Mathiot that Diagram of, 328-329 )

Pp Ferris Wheel at Columbia Exposition, built Fairhope, Alabama, and Arden, Delaware, by old Alleghenian, George W. Ferris, 143 * examples of successful use of land rentals Flintlock rifle (1750-1760), lead seals to pro- fur, knife oftrader, 1 for public purpose, 123 tect bales of hatchet and Samuel A., "Carrier Seminary, A exhibited incase, 330 Short-Lived Methodist Educational Ven- Forbes, General John, letter naming fort ture," 129-140 quoted, 272 t Fawcett, James Waldo, memorial by Robert Fort Duquesne, outlines of, shown in Point D. Christie, 101-102; Commemoration gift, State Park; center occupied by bronze 102 marker of fort fromdrawing inBibliotheque *Federalist Press, controlled majority of U.S. Nationale, Paris, 270 ' newspapers in Jefferson's administration, Fort Duquesne, plans of, by French military 249 engineers in another case at Fort Pitt >Fenton, William N., ed., Parker on the Museum; fort needed repairing and Iroquois, rev., 291-292 strengthening, and Lt. Chaussegros dede » Ferree, Vera Burtner, "The Burtner Home- L£ry recommended engaging enemy before stead: A Landmark to Remember," 161- a siege; recommendation followed, Brad- 169 dock's defeat resulted, 337-339; most com-

5 plete French plan for, unsigned ;original in era!eral State Authority, 322; pictures and Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 339 ;descrip- sketches ofexhibits, 4 pages, opp. 336 tion of building of fort, 339; research "The Fort Pitt Museum," the story of (1955) revealed original plans in Biblio- Western Pennsylvania before 1800 as por- theque Nationale; visits to principal trayed in the Museum exhibits, by Charles archives and fort sites in North America; Morse Stotz, 321-343 model made by Harold and Raymond Fort Pitt Museum exhibits, use full-scale Yoest of Holiday Displays, 340 rooms, small dioramas, models and draw- Fort Duquesne, drawing of, in case of Fort ings of forts, films, spoken narratives, ar- Pitt Museum; top one, reproduced from ranged in chronological sequence with original in Map Room of British Museum, variety; designed by Pittsburghers, 322 as fort appeared toForbes' troops ;bottom , seized by French from one, a transcription of drawing by Major , replaced by Fort Duquesne Robert Stobo, prisoner at Fort Duquesne, (1754), 265; 1758 the end of French con- < the drawing smuggled to Virginia;Stobo's trol, 265 ;1754, built at Point, instead of at 4 original drawings in Canadian Archives, McKee's Rocks Hill(Fort Hill), on ad- Ottawa, 338 vice of , 334; sur- Fort Duquesne and , defense of rendered to French 1754; French built France's 3,000 mile lifeline from St. Fort Duquesne and, until 1758, controlled Lawrence River to Gulf of Mexico; de- it,336 tailed map of French possessions in Amer- Foster Memorial (1935-1937), Heinz Memo- ica shows this, 325 rial Chapel (1934-1938), and George Hub- 4 , 35,000 artifacts recovered from bard Clapp Hallonly buildings ofKlauder's * site, 342 Cathedral of Learning complex ever fin- « Fort Ligonier Museum, its story rounded out ished, 115 by Fort Pitt Museum, 322 Foulk, Willis, Article of Agreement with Fort Necessity, surrender of, and Jumonville Philip Burtner (1810), 162, n.2 Affair, pictured on panels in Fort Pitt The Founding of a Nation, A History of the Museum; first battle ofFrench and Indian AmericanRevolution, 1763-1776, by Merrill War actually at Fort Necessity (1754), Jensen, rev., 281-282 336 Fountain, , seen through i Fort Pitt, English replacement of Fort Du- portal arch ; approach and fountain de- J1 quesne, key to West, 265; redoubt oldest scribed, 270 authenticated structure, Western Pennsyl- Framers of the Constitution, by Dorothy vania, 266; disastrous flood (1762), 334 Horton McGee, rev., 208-209 Fort Pitt Museum, memorial to Pittsburgh Franklin, Benjamin, helped Braddock obtain and record of first fifty years, 265 ; en- transport, 257; hostility continued between closed in Monongahela Bastion, 271; de- soldiers and civilians, 258 scription of Museum interior and Memorial French colonial lifeline, pictured in draw- Hall, 271-272; Museum exhibits housed ings: (1720), guarded Great and planned by Charles Morse Stotz and Lakes ;, on site of modern Holiday Displays, 272; presents in 60 ex- Erie (1753); (1753), 1 hibits highlights of struggle to establish present Waterford; Fort Machault (1754), I Pittsburgh (1750-1800) ;primarily a mili- on site ofmodern Franklin; Fort Duquesne, tary museum, 321 ;made possible by grants Forks of Ohio, 332 fromRichard KingMellon Foundation and Frohman, Charles E., Sandusky's Yesterdays, « Buhl Foundation; appropriations of Gen- rev., 83-84

rv 6G except on non-combat mission, 245, n.; in*^in»* Gage, General Thomas, defended impressment Harrisburg conference to revise U.S. Con^i .\u25a0 of American supplies by Braddock's suc- stitution (1788), 242; in convention revis- cessors, 255 ;blamed Braddock's defeat on ing Pennsylvania state constitution (1789- ~ failure to furnish same, 255 1792), 242; representative, Fayette County Gallatin, Albert, opposed as Jefferson's choice (1790-1792), 242; elected by Pennsylvania as Secretary of Treasury, 241;post regard- Legislature to U.S. Senate (1793), but ed as Federalist stronghold, 242;opposition Federalists denied seating ;not a citizen of to past policies, 242; foreign background, nine years, 242-243 ;ameliorating influence**, 242; opposition to Hamiltonian policies, on (1794), 243; elected* j 243; as representative in John Adams' ad- to U.S. House of Representatives (1795^4 ministration, challenged Treasury Depart- 1801), 243; in House, committee on ways ment, 243 ;Senate nomination delayed until and means, fought for Jefferson for Presi- recess so new Republicans might help con- dent, 243; excelled in finance, 243; Secre- firmation, 244;did not serve inRevolution tary of Treasury (1801-1814), 243; many

6 bibliographical sources listed, 243, ».;n.; Gothic Revival in America, Cathedral of nativistic attack in Boston Columbian Learning last great symbol of, US Centinel (1801), 244; all Federalist papers accent, 246-247; Graded tax, pros and cons, 125*126; applied ridiculedFrench examples to cities of the third class in Pennsylvania of ridicule from Gazette of the United (1951), thorough States (1801), 246-247; political cartoon 126-127; now under insert, 246; defense of, in Republican Na- study inLancaster, 127 tionalIntelligencer and Boston Independent Graded tax law, successful inPittsburgh, and Chronicle, 245; used patronage to restore Scranton, 123; Christopher Magee, active party harmony, 248; scholars stilldispute in support of, 124; endorsed by David number of removals, 248; U.S. agent at Lawrence, 124; Roy Stauffer of Scranton Russian mediation of War of 1812 (1813) said law attracts new industries, 124*125 and peace treaty at Ghent (1814), 248; Gray, Elisha, early lifeof, 29-30; early inven- ambassador to France (1816-1823) and to tions, 30 ;firmof Gray and Barton, eventu- Great Britain (1826-1827), 248; president ally Western Electric; filed caveat for of Astor's National (later Gallatin) Bank speaking telephone (Feb. 14, 1876), 30; (1831-1839), 248; a founder and first 70 electrical inventions in later life, 30; council president of University of City of studied underwater communications with New York (1831), 248; president of New vessel at sea, 31; author, 31; chairman York Historical Society (1843); founder first International Electrical Congress, of American Ethnological Society (1842), Chicago (1893); Legion of Honor, 31; 248 eulogistic article appearing after death in George, Henry, proposal in 1880*s for social Scientific American, Vol. 84, Feb. 2, 1901, improvement through heavier taxation of quoted from, 31-32 ;critical, from Casson's land values now seen as approach to urban History the Telephone, 32-33 renewal, 117; biography, 118-120; many of misconceptions of his ideas in textbooks, "AGuide to the OldStone Blast Furnaces in 120; not a land nationalizationist or a Western Pennsylvania," WPHM, p. 283, socialist, 121;answers to critics of, 121-122 July 1965, by MyronB. Sharp and William Gist, Christopher, engaged by George Wash- H. Thomas, correction, 103 ington as guide on mission to Fort Le Gymnasia, German Pittsburghers interested Boeuf, 335 in, 66

B burgh History and Landmarks Foundation, Haldeman, Miss E. J., third principal of 106 Carrier Seminary, Clarion, Pa. (1870); "A Heritage of Dreams, Some Aspects of the later, preceptress, 131 History of the Architecture and Planning Half-King, George Washington of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787-1969," with on mis- by Trump, sion to Fort Le Boeuf, 335 James D. Van 105-116 "Highland," patent name for Neill land, Hall, Van Beck, rev. of Smith's Battle of Pitt Township, 276 Princeton, 289-290 advisory Harkey, Joseph H., "ANote on Longstreet's Historical committee chosen from Ransy Sniffle and Brackenridge's Modern Historical and Museum Commission, and Chivalry" 43; "Captain Farrago's Point Park Steering Committee of Alle- Letter gheny Conference Community Develop- on Duelling and Judge John Breckinridge on of Kentucky," 251-253 ment, 273 ;names of, 273 Harris, Isaac, complaint to Historical Society Notes and Documents, wrote letter of "Hello Yesterday," opportunity announce- Mathiot about slow payment from state on ment by Arthur M. Hayes, 104 canal contracts, 157 Holmes, Jane, Old Allegheny founder of Harris* Business Directory, early description Protestant Home for Incurables, 151452 of University of Pittsburgh, 108 Holsinger, M. Paul, "Philander C. Knox and Hawaii, Graded Tax adopted after study of the Crusade Against Mormonism, 1904- Pittsburgh, 126 1907," 47-55 "Henry George and Urban Renewal inPenn- Horse racing popular on Butler Plank Road sylvania," by Steven Cord, 117-128 and Braddock's Field Road, 58-59 Henry George schools, number 200,000 gradu- Houston, Dr. Arthur F. P., doctor of Old ates, 120 Allegheny, 144-145 A Heritage of Dreams, 1969 exhibition of Hughes, John, Assemblyman, showed new history of architecture and planning of power politics in Pennsylvania, 262; University of Pittsburgh (1787-1969), gal- British managed to win war, but cause leries ofFrick Fine Arts Building, 105-106; revolution, 262; farmers learned value of sponsored by the University and by Pitts- political power, 262

7 I InMemoriam, January 1-December 31, 1968, Impressment, endorsed for colonies by 22 named, 100, not indexed (1754), British Crown 256; in England, Indian artifacts, before and after white man, citizen protected from impressment of shown inFort Pitt Museum case; native property, 256; anger of Pennsylvania poli- disappear European traders; ticians and farmer voters, 256 crafts under "Impressment in Western Pennsylvania, liquor, disease ruin native villages, 326 1755-1759," by J. Alan Rogers, 255-262 Indian trader and pack train, with artifacts In Commemoration Gift from Miss Evelyn of his trade, displayed in Fort Pitt Mu- Evans, for Mr. James Waldo Fawcett, 102 seum case; bartered items make Indian InCommemoration Gifts, fromMr. and Mrs. dependent on men seeking land, 330 Robert K. Conrad, Miss Evelyn Evans, Miss Marian E. Lee, Mrs. Agnes and Ingerson, Philo, appeal to legislator Mathiot Marjorie Blackstone, for Miss Myrl Irene for justice in cost estimate of a Pennsyl- Eakin, 211 vania Canal , 153-154

J 1921) ; Palmer and Hornbostel plans James, Dr. Alfred P., rev. of Stanley's New abandoned, 112 France, the Last Phase, 1744-1760, 81-82; Jefferson, Thomas, satirical poem on, New rev. of Jensen's The Founding of a Nation. York Evening Post (1804), 241; another, A History of the American Revolution, Boston New-England Palladium, 244; Ad- 1763-1776, 281-282 ministration sees first transfer of political "James Waldo Fawcett," a memorial tribute power in United States history, 241;half by Robert D. Christie, 101-102 of cabinet members from New England; Jamison, Margaret and Martha, Arbuckle never wavered from Gallatin and Madison, coffee heiresses; gave Community House 241-242 to Old Allegheny, 142 Jensen, Merrill, The Founding of a Nation. Janssen and Cocken, designers of Alumni A History of the American Revolution, Hall, University of Pittsburgh (1920- 1763-1776, rev., 281-282

K Senate term of Quay, named to Privileges Kennedy, Samuel, letter to Mathiot about and Elections Committee, 49; defense of damaging results to of Smoot, 51-53; congratulated by Pittsburgh second flood (1832) ;worse than "Pumpkin Gazette Times and President Theodore Flood," 155-156; second letter on shortage Roosevelt, 53; many demanded Knox's of tools and lack of boarding facilities for resignation, 53 ;ruined his chance forPresi- laborers; state appropriation inadequate, dential nomination, 53; favorite son candi- 155-156; letter about losses of salt manu- date, received Pennsylvania vote only, 54; facturers, 157-158 Secretary of State under Taft, 54; had furthered religious toleration, Keys, Samuel, prominent horseman, 62 54 Knudson, Jerry W., "The Case of Albert Klauder, Charles Z., designer of fifty-two Gallatin and Jeffersonian Patronage," 241- story Cathedral of Learning ;1922 plans of 250 Edward Purcell Mellon and Robert Tappan Arthur, abandoned, building substantially Krock, editorial inNew York Times 114; com- on neglecting to tax land values, 117; other pleted (1926-1936), finished after World prominent endorsers of heavier land taxes War II,115 ;soon didnot answer Univer- cited, 117-118 sity expansion problems, 115 Kuskuski villages (1730-1790) near New Knott, Wilson, letter to Mathiot (Feb. 1832) Castle, mainly Delawares; villages centers estimating canal damage repair at $67,000 ; for trade; towns disappear by 1800; Fort intended beginning repair on his own, 156 Pitt Museum case has rare recent collection Knox, Philander C, political biography, 47; of Indian artifacts from site of last Kus- continued, 47, n.l;appointed to unexpired kuski village, 327

L Landers, George, letter to Mathiot rating Land sales under Act of May 17, 1796, section "Jackson Day Flood" worse or higher than 8 specifies method of keeping records of "Pumpkin Flood," 156 allland sales, and forwarding such records Landscape architects for Point State Park, to Secretary of the Treasury, Oliver Wol- Griswold, Winters and Swain, 266 cott, 347 Larner, John William, Jr., «d.,ed., "A West-

8 moreland Guard inMexico* 1847-1848: and all stone footings exposed; flag Journal of William Joseph MeWilliams/' bastion reconstructed (1959), 267 Pt I,213-240; Pt. II,387-413 L6ry, Chaussegros de, French military en- gineer, responsible for French success at Laverty, Felix, jockey and owner, 62 Braddock's defeat; recommended engaging Lawful sports in Pittsburgh, running, bowl- enemy before a siege formed, 338-339 ing, billiards, gymnastics, 64-66 Loch, August, jeweler and custodian of Old Allegheny's Carnegie Library dock, Lawrence, David L., in charge ofUrban Re- Carnegie 143- development Authority, 267 (1747-1753) chief local Indian Layout and landscaping of Point State Park, village; destroyed by fire (1754); setting 267; small part of original walls of Fort for treaties, 326

Me 215-240; first entry at Pittsburgh (Jan. 1, McCIintock,McClintock, Mayor Jonas E., first Pitts- 1847), 215; officers named, 215-216; jour- burgher to propose Point memorial park ney via and Gulf of Mexico (1838), 265 to Vera Cruz, landing and surrender of McConnell, Roland C, Negro Troops of city, 216-223; likes beauty of churches, Antebellum Louisiana. A History of the towns, ancient temples, 231;description of Battalion of Free Men of Color, rev., 284- exotic beauty of Mexico City, 387-388; 286 Americans killed in streets and taverns, McCormick, Samuel Black, chancellor in 387-388; attends theater, 388-389; earth- transition from Perrysville Avenue to Oak- quake, 389; bullfight barbarous, 390; regi- land campus of University of Pittsburgh, mental electioneering for new officers, 389- 113 391; mail, pay, clothing allowance, 391; McFedries, Anna, crippled Scotch social many routine days (Dec. 1through Jan. 7), worker of Old Allegheny, 143 391-393; helps Mexicans harvest barley McGee, Dorothy Horton, Framers of the (Jan. 7. 1848), 393; map of travels in Constitution, rev., 208-209 Mexico (Feb. 5, 1847- June 20, 1848), 394; McKay, Jimmy, his place a haven for thieves route (1846-1848) map, 395; life "dull" and newsmen seeking stories in Old Alle- (Jan. 8 to Jan. 20), 396; soldiers need more gheny; thieves stuffed ballot boxes on rations, 396; much sickness, death, 397- election days; McKay became Allegheny 399; description of monastery quarters, 397; County detective, 145-146 peace treaty official in North American, McKee's Rocks Hill (Fort Hill), favorite 399; troops insubordinate, Feb. 12-13, and Indian site from 3,000 B.C., 333; first punished by extra drill, 399-400; Major proposal for use as fort site by George General Paterson relieves General Scott, Mercer (1753), 333; Captain Harry who leaves for home, 401; May 31 begin Gordon, designer ofFort Pitt, also favored march to coast, 407-408; orders at Encero site, 334 camp to embark for United States, and, McLaughlin, Florence C,— rev. of Binger's June 20, embarked for New Orleans, 409; Revolutionary Doctor Benjamin Rush, orders to go to Pittsburgh for discharge 1746-1813, 85-88; rev. of Chitwood's June 26; on Charles Hammond, start trip Richard Henry Lee: Statesman of the up Mississippi, 410; at Louisville, board Revolution, 203-206; rev. of Rowse's The the Germantown for Pittsburgh, 411;July Cousin Jacks; the Cornish inAmerica, 286- 11 arrived in Pittsburgh, 412; mustered out 289 July 14, and arrived in Greensburg next McWilliams, Private William, "Journal," day, 412-413; July 17 return home, 413

M Hill (Fort Hill) as site for fort (1753), "The Manuscript and Miscellaneous Collec- 333 tions of the Historical Society of Western Mexican War volunteers, over 1800 from Pennsylvania," A Preliminary Guide, Pt. Pennsylvania, 213 ; Company E£ of Second Eight (continued from October) ;DB col- Regiment of Pa. Volunteers, 93 from lections, 6 boxes, not indexed here, 90-98; Greensburg, Pa., 213; allowances, 214; Pt.Pt Nine, 293-310, not indexed here town fetes soldiers, 214; Company £ mus- Martin, Governor Edward, requested estab- tered in, Pittsburgh, 215 lishment of Point Park Committee (1945), Miller,Ernest C, This Was Early Oil,OU, rev., 266 82-83 Mellon, Richard K., leadership in starting Miiliken,Prof. J. S., fifthprincipal of Carrier Point State Park, 266 Seminary ;trustees in debt, 132 Mercer, George, proposed McKee's Rocks Modern Chivalry, novel by Hugh Henry

9 Brackenridge source for reply to Judge Morris, Robert, Pennsylvania governor, got John Breckinridge of Kentucky in 1790's, extra wagons for Braddock through legal when challenged to a duel, 251;version of threats, pay raises, 258; farmers' pay from the Judge and that of novel compared and Braddock, six months overdue had to be contrasted, 251-253; reminder of popular i- collected inPhiladelphia, 258 ity of Modern Chivalry, 253 Rey, Company bloody Mother Miller, boss and boarding house Molino del E part of mistress Allegheny's gang beg- 1 battle ;three from company selected to help of Old of hang, whip, brand other soldiers, 236 gars, 145 Moon, James H., ed., "The Account Book Miihlhausen Emigration Society, formed in of General John Neville," with appendix of Germany by J. A. Roebling and J. A. letters, pages from account books, maps Etzler ;group split after arrival in states ; of Reserve Tracts, etc., 345-360 Roebling felt responsibility to members Moorhead, James, and assistant, toured canal still in Germany, 1 system investigating Board of Canal Com- Murphy, Julius W., rev. of Shank's The 4 missioners (1834) ;nothing proved, 158 Amazing Pennsylvania Canals, 207-208

N of the monies," and of bond for security, Nationality Classrooms, Cathedral of Learn- also given specific instructions for prepara- ing, represent nationalities and cultures of tion of record book, 347-348; correspon- Pittsburgh for two hundred years, 115 dence with Oliver Wolcott, concerning i Negro Troops of Antebellum Louisiana. A progress and problems of sales, in Penn- 4 History of the Battalion of Free Men of sylvania Room, Carnegie Library, Pitts- 4 Color, by Roland C. McConnell, rev., 284- burgh (1796-1797), 349-353 286 New France, the Last Phase, 1744-1760 (The Neill, Robert, variant spelling of name in Canadian Centenary Series, Volume V), legal documents (1785-1825), 276-279 by George F. G. Stanley, rev., 81-82 Neillcabin, dated between 1787 and 1795 by New Members (Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1968), 99-100 property improvement, 276 Nicola, Franklin F., real estate entrepreneur Neville, General John, account book of land of Civic Center and Schenley sale at Pittsburgh, Pa., under direction of Farms Company, 110 Arthur St. Clair and General Wallace, act "A Note on Longstreet's Ransy Sniffle and of Congress (1796), 345; notified inletter Brackenridge's Modern Chivalry" by from Wolcott of appointment as "Receiver Joseph H. Harkey, 43

oO ing, 141; stores recalled, 142 ; German landmarks, marked for demolition, 147 Ober, Peter, creator of Ober Park, Old Rimmel, Allegheny, 147 "Old Allegheny," by WilliamM. obscurity 141-151 Ohio River, emergence from to Old Exposition Park, home of Pittsburgh i prominence shown in three maps, 324; as ClubinOld Allegheny, 147 t, prize, good maps: international needed Oliver, Harry, grew up in First Carte de la Louisiane (1685) ;Karte von David and (1744), by Bellin; Ward inOld Allegheny, 146 Louisiana Nicholas A Orme, Captain Robert, aide-de-camp to Map of the (1752) by John engravings Patten, General Braddock; original 325 from his sketches part of Braddock's De- Old Alleghenians, names recalled, 141-142 feat display inFort Pitt Museum, 342 ;de- Old Allegheny, landmarks rapidly disappeardisappear-- scription of Orme drawings, 342

Pp Parker on the Iroquois, ed. with introduction Palmer and Hornbostel, winners of architec- by WilliamN. Fenton, rev., 291-292 tural competition for Oakland site of fu- Patterson, Boyd Crumrine, "The Story of ture University of Pittsburgh; only four Elisha Gray," edited for publication by buildings of complex ever erected, 111; Frank R. Merrill, 29-41 usher inera of planned University campus Paull, George T., letter to Mathiot telling in Pittsburgh, 112; Hornbostel designed of break in canal causing greater use of Carnegie Institute of Technology buildings, National Road, 159 112; used classical design both for Univer- Penn family, donors of future University of sity and Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh's "Academy lot," 106-107 112 Pennsylvania Canal, troubles as viewed

10 through Mathiot Papers, 153; political Point State Park, Pittsburgh, entering last football and burden to Pennsylvania tax- phase of completion with opening of Fort payers, 159 Pitt Museum, 263-265; plans formulated Pennsylvania Canal era ended (1864), com- by Pittsburgh Regional Planning Associ- pletion of from ation (1945), 266; leadership, Richard K. to Pittsburgh, 159 Mellon, 266; finalspecifications, by Charles Pennsylvania forests, described by J. A. Morse Stotz and Edward StatsStotz forGeneral Roebling in his letter to Bahr, 19-20; State Authority, 266; contracts (1963-68), pioneer destruction of forests, 21; Mr. 266; under jurisdiction of Pa. Department Walker praised for forest conservation, 21 of Forests and Waters; Museum, under Pennsylvania settlements, advantages over Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Com- Northwest, 172 mission, 267; Stotz acted as Museum cur- "Philander C. Knox and the Crusade Against ator, 272 Mormonism, 1904-1907," by Paul Hol- "Point State Park and the Fort Pitt Mu- singer, 47-55 seum," by Charles Morse Stotz, 263-273; Phillips, Ormsby, Old Allegheny philanthro- introduction and postscript bv Charles pist, 151 Morse Stotz, 263 ;comment on by Stanton Phillips, Mrs. Ormsby, one of founders of Belfour, 273 Termon Avenue Home for Children, 151 Poor Richard's Politicks :Benjamin Frank- Phipps, Henry, presented both Allegheny linand His New American Order, by Paul and Pittsburgh with conservatories, 147 W. Conner, rev., 282-284 Phipps boys, grew up in First Ward, Old Poverty and depression, Henry George rec- Allegheny, 146 ommended their solution by government, Pittsburgh Academy, three structures follow 120 1790 log cabin, 107-109; classes suspended Pownall, Thomas, former governor of for six years, 109; new building, Diamond Massachusetts, believed seizure of property and Forbes (1856), 109 by army infringed upon liberty of subject, Pittsburgh lands to be sold under Act of May 17, 1796, specifically mentioned, 346-347 "Pragmatists and Prophets: George Rapp Pleydell, J.j. C,G, military engineer in British and J. A. Roebling Versus J. A. Etzler Army during ;his and Count Leon," Pt. II, by Karl J, R. drawing of Fort Duquesne in British Arndt and Patrick R. Brostowin, 171-198 Museum reproduced for Fort Pitt Mu- Preparation of Fort Pitt Museum exhibits, seum; his drawings of Fort Ligonier and source material: American and European preserved in Royal Library archives; Bouquet Papers; Contrecoeur at Windsor Castle, 338 Papers; Indian studies, archaeology; army Point at Pittsburgh, once blighted area except equipment, uniforms, 322 redoubt, preserved by DAR, 266 Prize fighting, ca. 1859, countenanced in Point Park Committee, Chairman Arthur B. Pittsburgh; amateur bouts discouraged, 63 Van Buskirk, members community leaders, Progress and Poverty (1879), gave Henry 266 George international reputation, 119

0 Quinnette, Peter, popular jockey, 62-63

R Remini, Robert V., Andrew Jackson and the Race tracks in and near Pittsburgh, location, Bank War, rev., 201-203 59-61 Revolutionary Doctor — Benjamin Rush, Ransy Sniffle in Georgia Scenes, and Will 1746-1813, by Carl Binger, rev., 85-88 Snickley, inModern Chivalry, are foment- Richard Henry Lee:Statesman of the Revo- ers of quarrels, and much alike, 43; both lution, by Oliver Perry Chitwood, rev., 203- authors aristocratic observers of life, 44 206 Rapp, Roebling^s approval of his business Rimmel, WilliamM., "Old Allegheny," 141 judgment; brief history of Old Harmony, its growing dissensions, 172-174 Rinehart, Mary Roberts, Old Alleghenian, Rapp, George, and Leon, Count, contrasted 142 with Roebling and Etzler, 3-4; detailed Robert Neill land, owners of, before Neill: discussion in writings by Dr. Arndt listed, Ambrose Newton (1769-1773), 275; James 4 Wilson, his executor, from Hanna (1774)J Reed, John, grandson of Hugh Reed, pack 275; Robert Neill (1787), 275; John Reed horse driver, Fort Pitt (1760), 277 (1795), 275

11 Robert , being restored carding machines for Butler County Ger- under grant from Richard King Mellon mans; needed German shepherd dogs, Foundation, and under auspices of Pitts- 174-175 ; recommended diversified agricul- burgh History and Landmarks Foundation, ture and industry for Butler County Ger- 275 ;one of three known 18th century build- mans, and temporary housing for new ar- ings in Pittsburgh, 275; physical restora- rivals, 175-176; suggested establishment of tion of, under Charles M. Stotz and Robert brewery, 177 ;favorable analysis of Ameri- Griswold, 275 ; popular name "Neal" not can character and freedom, 177-182; plans correct, 275 for German town, later Saxonburg, 185; Roebling, John A. (or J. A.), purchased indentured German servants vs. hiring settlement tract for Muhlhausen Emigra- hands; indenture contracts, 185-187; ship tion Society near Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh contracts without loopholes, 187; ship rec- area "future centre of the universe"; tract ommendation, 188; Pennsylvania Canal named Saxonburg, 1-2; Roebling bibliogra- boat from Philadelphia to Freeport, 188- phy, 3; August (1831) letter to Ferdinand 189; travel instructions overland to Butler Baehr in Germany, 100 pages, 2; letter County, 189-190; advice to immigrants to estimated American scene of 1830*s, 2; bring everything from Germany fromsocks translation of letter, Part I:reasons for to pianofortes, barometers to barbed wire, separation from Etzler and adherents, and 192-194; instruction to immigrants about their future plans and destinations, 5-7; letters of exchange and handling of Roebling' s favoring of northern slave-free American money; postage instructions, states, 7; approved Etzler's analysis of the 197-198 United States, except mercantile interests, Rogers, J. Alan, "Impressment in Western 7 ;comments on slaves, 7 ;trip by canal of Pennsylvania, 1755-1759," 255-262 group Huntingdon, thence to Pitts- his to :French, ; burgh, 9; danger of malaria in summer, Routes to Ohio 700 miles of water general costs, 10; English, shorter with mountains and for- several ill, 9-10; land ests, one beginning at Williamsburg produce market values, Pittsburgh and and compared, 12-13; used by Braddock, the other, at Philadel- midwest commercial ad- phia, used by Forbes, vantages of Pittsburgh, 13-14; Von Bonn- 324 horst land offer refused, 15; Manco and Rowse, Alfred Leslie, The Cousin Jacks; the Genss like land near Freeport, 15-16; crops Cornish inAmerica, rev., 286-289 potential of Pennsylvania land, 20; wool Russell, Charles Taze, old Alleghenian who prices, 23; proposed sheep raising and organized Jehovah's Witnesses, 143

sS Smith, Samuel Stelle, The Battle of Prince- St. Clair, Colonel John, threatened to dragoon ton, rev., 289-290 farmers, fillshortages in Braddock's sup- Smith, W. Wayne, rev. of Remini's Andrew plies, 257; Braddock also favored impress- Jackson and the Bank War, 201-203 ;rev. ment, 257 of Conner's Poor Richard's Politicks: St. Pierre, Legardeur de, commandant of Benjamin Franklin and His New Ameri- Fort Le Boeuf, disdained Dinwiddie's can Order, 282-284 orders to retire, 335 Smoot, Reed, voted Senate seat for Utah, 52 Sandusky's Yesterdays, by Charles E. Froh- "Some Sports in Pittsburgh During the Na- man, rev., 83-84 tional Period, 1775-1860. Part Two, Growth Saxonburg, MiihlhausenMuhlhausen Emigration Society and Acceptance of Sports : Legal and site of 2-3000 acres; purchased from the Illegal 1850-1860," by Soeren Stewart widow Collins by John A. Roebling for Brynn, 57-79 $1.50 per acre, 3; investigation of property Sparring exhibitionby Aaron Jones in Pitts- and coming to terms, 17-18, 24-25; com- burgh (1859) at Lafayette Hall; opened ments on Pennsylvania soil, climate, 18-19 sparring school, 63 Seminary Hall (Carrier), completed (1871), "The Spelling ofRobert NeillWho Built the 131 Neill Log House in Schenley Park," by Shank, William H., The Amazing Pennsyl- Charles Covert Arensberg, 275-279 vania Canals, rev., 207-208 Sports, legal and illegal, in Pittsburgh in the Sharp, Myron B., "Troubles on the Penn- 1850*8, 57 sylvania Canal," 153-159 Stanley, George F. G., New France, the Last Shooting matches, popular in Pittsburgh, 67 Phase, 1744-1760 (The Canadian Centenary Sippel, Deeter, Ritchey, architect of master Series, Volume V), rev., 81-82 plan for future University of Pittsburgh, Steadman, Prof. Judson J.,j., fourth principal 106 of Carrier Seminary (1871-1873), 131 Smith, Russell (1812-1896), painted picture Steen, James T., architect of two Roman- of first stone building, University of Pitts- esque University buildings on Observatory burgh (1833), 107-108 grounds, 110

12 Stevenson, James B., rev. of This Was Early publication by Frank R. Merrill,2M1 Oil, 82-83 Stotz, Charles Morse, "Point State Park and Stobo, Major Robert, prisoner at Fort the Fort Pitt Museum," 263-273; "The Duquesne; his drawing of Fort Duquesne Fort Pitt Museum," the story of Western smuggled to Virginia; tried as spy when Pennsylvania before 1800 as portrayed in drawing was found among General Brad- the Museum exhibits, 321-343 dock's papers ;escaped, 338 Stuntz, the Rev. Stephen S., second principal "The Story of Elisha Gray," by Boyd Crum- ofCarrier Seminary, had brief tenure ;fatal rine Patterson, edited and prepared for illness, 131

T This Was Early Oil, by Ernest C Miller, Taylor, Gen. Zachary, victory at Buena rev., 82-83 Vista celebrated by Westmoreland con- Thrasher, Prof. M., eighth principal of tingent, 221 Carrier Seminary (1878) ; enrollment Telautograph invented by Elisha Gray fea- boosted to 135, 135 tured at World's Fair (1893), 30-31 Todd, William, sixth principal of Carrier Theme ofFort Pitt Museum, in first exhibit Seminary (1874); biography; depression after leaving Memorial Hall: struggle of of 1874 caused drop in enrollment, 132 French, English, and Indians for Forks of Townsend, the Rev. James G., first principal Ohio, all of them losers, 323; strategic im- of Carrier Seminary; biography of, 130 portance of unknown West at first not Transport by commander, grasped by French, English, 323; map Bill, written area General John Stonwix,Stanwix, 260: to push im- shows army routes to Ohio; in colonial through Assembly, 261; maps, British along Atlantic coast in red; pressment law- Mexico, makers required payment of Army bills, French inCanada to Gulf of blue; ; farmers encouraged to fight Iroquois green ;Forks of Ohio, in shadow, 261 western 324 impressment, 261; impressment fines not levied, Theological seminaries in Allegheny, tem- 261 porary home for Western University of "Travels of an Early Chancellor," by Pennsylvania in 1880*s;1880*8; bill granting Lawrence C. Woods, Jr., ed., 315-319 ground on Allegheny Commons failed to "Troubles on the Pennsylvania Canal," by pass state legislature (1882), 109 Myron B. Sharp, 153-159

uU Park, under leadership of David L. University of Pittsburgh, early history of, Lawrence, 267 106-107; superseded Western University of Urban renewal, one modern way of approach Pennsylvania (1908) ; School of Mines, to, in Henry George's land taxation later State Hall dedicated (1908) ; State theories, 117 and Thaw Halls (1909-1910); Pennsyl- Urban renewal authorities, reasons for sup- vania Hall (1910), 111 port of Henry George's central idea of Urban Redevelopment Authority, Point State heavier tax on land values, 123

V 265; 268-269; 272-273 Van Buskirk, Arthur B., chairman of Point Vodrey, William H., rev. of Sandusky's Park Committee, 266 Yesterdays, 83-84 Van Trump, James D., "A Heritage of Volz, Mr., friend of Germans in Pittsburgh Dreams, Some Aspects of the History of on Wood Street, 191 the Architecture and Planning of the Uni- Von Bonnhorst, Charles, and Volz, Pitts- versity of Pittsburgh, 1787-1969," 105-116 burghers who greeted German immigrants, Views, Point State Park and Museum, opp. 15

Ww Wallace, George, appointed superintendent Wabash River, mainly used by French from of Pittsburgh land sales, Oct. 24, 1796, by Mississippi to Montreal; French found Oliver Wolcott;Wallace was President of Ohio important insupplying Fort Duquesne first Court of Quarter-Sessions, Allegheny and upper Ohio posts with food from County; John Neville to be Receiver of Illinois, 325 moneys, 346

13 Washington; George, advised location of McWilliams," Part I, by John William Fort Prince George at Point instead of at Lamer,Larner, Jr., ed., 213-240; Part II,387-413 McKee's Rocks Hill (Fort Hill) (1754) ; Wheeling Argus, description of Pittsburgh largely responsible for location of Pitts- quoted from, 57 burgh, 334; mission to Fort Le Boeuf "The Widow Girty," neighbor of Neill in (1753-1754), opening gambit of French Pitt Township, 276; Girtys, 276 n.2 and Indian War; quotations under six Wind Symphony concerts on stone-paved dioramas in Fort Pitt Museum from his wharf at Point State Park, 270 Journal (1754), 335-336; labelled assassin Wolcott, Oliver, Secretary of the Treasury by French in death of Coulon de Jumon- (1795-1800), appointed George Wallace ville; Jumonville's brother left Fort Du- superintendent of sales of Pittsburgh land quesne to avenge brother's murder, 337 (1796) ;St. Clair acknowledged receipt of Washington's impression of Fort Pitt site Wolcott's letter with copies of two adver- quoted, 271-272 tisements of sale of lands, 346 Western Pennsylvania Architectural Survey Woods, George, letter to brother William, (1932-36) found no true frontier log cabin; 316-319 early descriptions, drawings used in design- Woods, Lawrence C, Jr., ed., "Travels of an ing this building, 331 Early Chancellor," 315-319 Western University of Pennsylvania, final Worthington, Walter, rev. of McConnell'sMcConneH's site, Oakland (1907), 110 Negro Troops of Antebellum Louisiana. "A Westmoreland Guard in Mexico, 1847- A History of the Battalion of Free Men of 1848: The Journal of William Joseph Color, 284-286

Y Yoest, Harold and Yoest, Raymond, builders of model ofFort Duquesne inFort PittMu- seum display ;Holiday Displays, contractor, 340

14