MASTER’S THESIS Evoking Soviet Dreamworlds: The Sovexport Documentaries at the EYE Filmmuseum Simona Evstatieva AUGUST 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Frank Kessler Second Reader: Dr. Laura Copier 2 Evoking Soviet Dreamworlds: The Sovexport Documentaries at the EYE Filmmuseum Research Master’s Thesis © 2020 By Simona Evstatieva 5712165
[email protected] RMA Media, Art & Performance Studies Department of Media and Culture Studies Utrecht University August 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Frank Kessler Second Reader: Dr. Laura Copier © 2020 Cover photo by the author, taken at the EYE Filmmuseum Collection Center CONTENTS Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..….....5 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………….….6 Note on Transliteration………………………………………………………………………..7 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………8 CHAPTER ONE THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SOVEXPORT COLLECTION 1.1. The Stagnation Period (1964–1980)……………………………………………………19 1.2. The Stagnation Period and Its Cinema………………………………………………….23 1.3. The Popular Film of the Stagnation Period and Their “Aesopian” Meanings……….…26 1.4. The Cold War: Soviet Union, the West, and Their Import/Export Relations………...…30 CHAPTER TWO CRAFTING MEANING AND TRUTH IN DOCUMENTARY CINEMA 2.1. Defining the Documentary and Its “Truth Claim”………………………………………33 2.2. How do Documentaries Craft Truth…………………………………………………..…35 2.2.1. Authenticity………………………………………………………………...….36 2.2.2. Evidence and Authority……………………………………………………..…37 2.3. The Formal Techniques of Creating a Documentary………………………………...….40 CHAPTER THREE DISCOVERING THE SOVEXPORT COLLECTION AND ITS DREAMWORLDS 3.1. Soviet Space and its Importance for Constructing Soviet Identity……………………….48 3.2. Exploring and Conquering Space: razvedka versus osvoenie…………………………….50 3.3. The Films from the Sovexport Collection…………………………………………..……54 3.3.1. The Combination of Nonhierarchical and Circular Vision of Space………..…55 3.3.2. The Space of Nature…………………………………………………...……….58 3.3.3.