Italian Unification (1861-1918)

“The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies have This is the very message we approved; We have sanctioned and hereby pro- received from the patriots mulgate as follows: and soldiers, young and old, g{x \àtÄ|tÇ `|Ç|áàxÜ Éy WxyxÇvx Single Article: King Victor Emmanuel II assumes who made Italy. for himself and his successors the title of King We have the responsibility to of Italy. Therefore, we hereby order that this Ar- treasure and transmit this ticle, bearing the seal of State, be included in message to our future gene- the Official Collection of the Acts of Govern- rations, so that the sacrifice of “150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy” ment, and that all subjects concerned observe all our brethren who gave and enforce it as a law of the State. Done in their lives for the completion Turin, March 17 th, 1861.” of the unification process on 150 years ago, on 17 March 1861, in Turin, the proclamation of the Kingdom of The Kingdom of Italy was thus officially proclai- the battlefields of World War I Italy and the birth of the Italian National State, reuniting under a single flag the med and the Single Article was included in law as well as in other wars, fou- different states that composed Italy before its unification, marked the fulfilment No. 4671 of the after the ght in and outside the national of the dream of many generations of patriots. Bill was approved by the Parliament on 14 March 1861. On 21 April 1861 it territory, won’t be forgotten, The successful result of the Expedition of the Thousand and the final defeat became the first law of the newly-formed Kingdom of Italy. and will remind us that freedom is a precious gift, conquered at the cost of lives of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the Savoy Army marked the end of a This was the result of a process that, starting from the 7 different states into and requiring to be nurtured and safeguarded through our continued commitment. process that had begun many years before, fostered by the works of poets which Italy was divided and proceeding through the 1st (1848-49) and the 2nd Our Armed Forces have marched side by side with Italian history, fighting to conquer and writers such as Manzoni, Ippolito Nievo and Silvio Pellico; a process in- (1859-1861) War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand (1860), and maintain the unity of the country and to ensure that its borders and interests be spired by the ideas and actions of great patriots and enlightened statesmen, ended with Victor Emmanuel II being proclaimed King of Italy. The unification defended. They have contributed to maintain internal security, coping with natural Mazzini and Cavour in the first place. A process that was brought to a succes- process continued with the 3rd War of Independence (1866), the second expe- disasters and humanitarian emergencies, responding to the needs of the Italian peo- REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATIONS sful conclusion by the soldiers of the Piedmont Army and the scores of volun- dition to Rome headed by Garibaldi (1867) and the annexation of Rome (1870). ple in situations as diverse as the 1908 earthquake in Calabria and and the teers who, since 1848, rushed from every village to fight together on the The national unification process, that generated the current Italian State, recent environmental emergency in Naples and in its province. The Italian military PROGRAM battlefields of the Italian peninsula to finally consign to history a united, free are presently engaged in international peacekeeping and security missions abroad, ended with World War I (1915-1918). and independent Italian state. complex and often difficult activities, implemented in the best interest of the whole 10.00 am In 1860 the wholehearted belief that Italy could be unified drove Giuseppe Ga- community, also to contrast terrorism and keep its threat away from our homes. ribaldi, by then victorious, to accept the invitation to speak from the main balcony In these 150 years of Italian history, the Italian Armed Forces have always re- Hosting of National Flag, Altare della Patria, Piazza Venezia of the Royal Palace in Naples. It was a memorable, farsighted speech, that is 2 June 1946 sponded to the call of their Homeland, proving their commitment and determi- Italian President Giorgio Napolitano pays homage to the Unknown Soldier still extremely meaningful: “Harmony is Italy’s first need, the second being unity nation, regardless of sacrifice, showing superb loyalty and courage, and among all ”. These very significant words, a precious legacy for future Exactly 65 years ago, on 2 and 3 June 1946, the Italian people was called to deserving the love and gratefulness of the Italian people. generations, were actually put into effect sometime later in Teano, where Gari- the polls in a universal suffrage national referendum to choose between the th 11.00 am The reason why, as Minister of Defence in the year of the 150 anniversary of baldi met Victor Emmanuel II and recognised him as the King of Italy. These monarchy and a republic. Since then, to celebrate this momentous event, the , I called for all the celebrations of the various Armed For- were the feelings that inspired the values of Risorgimento and the current na- June 2 became a National Holiday, which for some time was celebrated on Military Parade ces to be closely connected to this anniversary is that the history of the Armed tional values: Democracy, Equality, Justice, Love for one’s country. These are the first Sunday of the month. In 2001, on the basis of Law no. 336, 20 Forces and Italian history form a single, indivisible, wonderful reality. 1.00 pm the sacred values that the Italian Armed Forces, which played a fundamental November 2000, Republic Day was finally established as a national holiday role both in the unifying process and in the establishment and consolidation of to be celebrated on 2 June. Ignazio La Russa Joint Military Band Performance – Piazza Venezia the feeling of national unity, are called to protect.

www.difesa.it 3rd Sub-sector (1915-1918) 2nd SECTOR 2nd Sub-Sector - Army and Carabinieri Coy - Multinational Coy VBM Freccia with “Soldato Futuro” Republic Day and the Armed Forces PARADE MARCHING ORDER World War I Theatres of operations: Modena Military Academy (EUROGENDFOR, CoESPU) robotics - CENTAURO 120 International Missions Middle East, Asia and America CENTAURO 76/62 DRACO th - Grenadiers of Sardinia Coy (Historic Uniform) - Navy Coy - Livorno Navy Academy - Army Coy (Cimic Group South, Today, the Italian Republic celebrates its 65 anniversary, that the Armed For- PROLOGUE (Combat Uniform ) CENTAURO 155/39 – PORCUPINE ces will honor with the traditional military parade. These year’s theme, "The 1st Regiment - Origins of the Italian - Air Force Coy 28° Rgt. “Pavia” PSYOPS, - Commander, 2nd Sector (AF) 7° Rgt. “Cremona” NBC) (Counter Rocket Artillery and Mortar 150th anniversary of the Italian Unification", aims at illustrating the dedication Army (A) - Commander, 3rd Sub-sector (AF) nd Pozzuoli Air Force Academy - Granatieri di Sardegna Band - 1786 (A) - Commander, 2 sub-sector (A) (C/RAM) system) – ASTRA TRUCK and spirit of sacrifice that bind the Armed Forces to the destiny of the country. - Navy Band - Guardia di Finanza Coy - Army, CC, AF, GdF Formation - Under the “Tricolore” - Navy Formation - Origins of the Navy - “Sassari” Brigade Band (A) - The Commander, with armoured cab (Army) The Armed Forces are at the service of the Republic. This is the formula used Bergamo GdF Academy (Dog units, EOD assets) ( the Italian Flag) - Carabinieri Coy - Army Coy (Infantry- Grenadiers - Friendly and Allied Nations’ Flags US Naval Forces Europe Band - EMPAR Radar by the law to express, in the highest and deepest terms, the indissoluble link - Carabinieri Coy - “Oliosi” flag- 1866 Origins of the Carabinieri Mountain Troops, Alpini) 4th Sub-sector MISSILES: ASTER 15 – ASTER 30 between the Armed Forces and Italy, its institutions, its people. The Armed For- - UN – NATO - EU Flags Middle Eastern Theatre Rome Officers’ School TESEO MK3 – - Gonfalons of the Capitals: - Guardia di Finanza Coy Police and Relief Forces ces serve the community and, at the same time, are its direct expression and - Navy Formation- Flags: - Friendly and Allied Nations’ Formation (Lebanon, Kurdistan, Iraq, MFO) TORPEDOES: the embodiment of its values. By their presence and their daily work, they fulfill Turin, Florence, Rome Foundation of the GdF 2nd Sub-sector COMOS, “Carlotto” Regiment - Commander, 4th Sub-sector BLACK SHARK – MU 90 the sacred duty all Italian citizens are called to by the Constitution: the defense - Army Coy – Parachute Regiment Special and High Readiness Forces (State Police) C-MES fast patrol boat with nd - Carabinieri Coy - CC Formation st of the country. True to this commitment, the Armed Forces constantly adapt PARADE BEGINS 2 Sub-sector (1866-1914) 1 Sub-sector OTOMELARA turret - Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri Coy nd From the III War of Independence - Commander, 2 Sub-sector (AF) - Navy Formation- Coast Guard their composition, organization and way of working to the priorities arising from - Guardia di Finanza Coy Theatres of Operations: Coast Guard: fast patrol the institutional tasks they are called to perform. - Carabinieri Band to World War I - Army Coy - Carabinieri Coy – Heliborne squadron boat class 600 – Coast Guard PMC GdF Formation Africa and Europe Italy, with its Armed Forces, remains a pillar of stability in the euro-Atlantic area - Troops Commander (A) (Historic Uniform) 9th Parachute Rgt. “Col Moschin” Cacciatori “Calabria” and “Sardegna” Mobile Environmental Laboratory, - Formation of the Sovereign Military (Combat Uniform) Asian Theatre and the Mediterranean basin, ensuring continuous monitoring and protection - Flags of the Armed Forces and (East Timor, Afghanistan) - Navy Coy - COMSUBIN - Guardia di Finanza Coy Ministry of the Environment - Commander, 2nd Sub-sector (N) Order of Malta (SMOM) of the territory under its sovereignty and contributing to the security of the allies, of the Guardia di Finanza (GdF) - Air Force Coy GdF Naval Service in accordance with the treaties in force. - Commander, 1st sub-sector (GdF) RAT 31 DL/M (AF) Radar - Gonfalons of the Italian Regions, - Army Coy - “Lancieri di Montebello” - Historic Vehicles (A,N,AF) - Army Coy Raiders and Riflemen - Joint Relief Coy – Military personnel Patrol Motor Boat Class V3000 Italy plays a major role in the defence of international security, taking part with Provinces and Municipalities (8th Rgt) Mountain Troops “Alpini” Rgt. - Carabinieri Coy - GIS (A, N, AF, CC, GdF, CRI, IIVV, SMOM) V 2000 (GdF) its contingents to major military stabilization operations. Every day, more than African Theatre of Operations - Military standards of Service and - Army Coy - Mountain Troops “Alpini” - Joint Coy (N, AF, CC, GdF) - Army Coy - Joint Relief Coy - Civilian Personnel IVECO ONE NBCR Vehicle (VVF) 7000 Italian military fulfil their duty in different crisis areas, far from their Coun- Veterans’ Associations (1872) 4th Sub-sector (1919-1945) (Somalia, Congo, Mozambique, 4th Alpini Parachute Regiment (PS, POLPEN,CFS, VVF ,CRI, CISOM) Mobile Laboratory (CFS) try, in hard and risky conditions. This commitments add up to activities carried American theatre of operations out within the Country to fulfil the institutional duties assigned to Defence, in- - Navy Formation From the end of WWI to the end of Darfur, Libya, Eritrea, Op. Atalanta) - Carabinieri Coy (Haiti) th SPECIAL AND HIGH 1 Flag, 2 standards WWII and Liberation War 1st Rgt Carabinieri “Tuscania” 5 Sub-sector cluding tasks that do not fall within the purely and typically military sphere: for Italian Scientific and example, specific tasks performed to cope with natural disasters or in other READINESS FORCES (Historic uniforms) - AF Coy - Guardia di Finanza Coy - GICO/PI EPILOGUE - Carabinieri Coy - Navy Coy – Military Component Tecnological Excellence cases of extraordinary necessity and urgency. Carabinieri Cadets Legion - Civilian component Coy - State Police Coy - NOCS - Joint Coy - Joint Medical Coy: “Celio” - Commander, Carabinieri Mounted - GdF Coy - Commander, 4th Sub-sector (CC) (VVFF, CRI, PROCIV) - Commander, 5th Sub-sector (A) (A, AF, N, CC, GdF, POLPEN) Military Polyclinic (A, AF, N., CC, IIVV) - Penitentiary Police Coy - GOM Troops - Italian Red Cross Coy - Carabinieri Institute Cadet Band - Falco UAV – UAV – VTLM Lince 3rd SECTOR 3rd Sub-sector (one equipped with a remotely - Carabinieri Mounted Band 1ST SECTOR: Military Red Cross Corps - Army company (1940/1942 uniform) Excellence and Specialist Units Landing, aerial and operated turret , one with a gunner - Sqd. rgt “Lancieri di Montebello” (A) HISTORY AND REENACTMENT - Italian Red Cross Coy - Navy Formation European Theatre of Operations stabilization forces protection package, one normal - Mounted Sqd - Rgt. (CC) Volunteer Nursing Corps Present and Future (1861-1865) (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, version, one ambulance version) - Air Force Formation - Commander, 3rd Sub-sector (CC) - Mounted Sqd (PS) - Horse and hand - drawn ambulances rd VBA -VTMM ambulance - Commander, 1st Sector (N) Kosovo, FYROM) - Commander, 3 Sector (CC) (1866) (CRI) - Carabinieri Coy - Paratroops - Guardia di Finanza Band (GdF) VBM Freccia, antitank version - Mounted Sqd (CFS) employed in Northern Africa 1st Sub-sector - Army Coy - Lagunari Rgt. 1st Sub-sector (1861-1865) - Bersaglieri Band (A) LEGENDA - Army Coy – Railway Engineer Rgt Military Schools and Academies “Serenissima” (amphibious troops) Origins of the Unified State and - Army Coy - Bersaglieri - Guardia di Finanza Coy - Navy Coy - “San Marco” Rgt. A= Army PS = State Police Armed Forces GdF Formation - Carabinieri Coy - MSU N= Navy CRI = Italian Red Cross - Ambulanza Ippotrainata - Ambulanza - Commander, 1st sub-sector (N) (Historic Uniform) - Navy Formation AF = Air Force IIVV = Volunteer Nursing Corps Manutrainata (1866) (CRI) - Joint Coy - Representatives of the - Mixed “Police” Coy - Air Force Band (Surface and submarine units ) CC= Carabinieri VVF = Fire Brigade GdF = Guardia di Finanza (Customs Police) CP = Coast Guard st Liberation War (A-N-AF, CC, GdF) (GdF, CP, POLPEN, CFS) - Commander,1 Sub-sector (A) - Fanfara Bersaglieri (EI) - Military School Joint Coy - Nunziatella - Joint Coy - Military Air Forces POLPEN = Penitentiary Police SMOM = Sovereign Military Order of Malta - “Pozzuolo del Friuli” Band (A) - Cp.EI - Bersaglieri - Historic Vehicles (A , CRI, N, AF) - National Civil Service Teulié (A), Morosini (N), Douhet (AF) (A, N, AF, CC, GdF) CFS = State Forestry Corps PROCIV: Italian Civil Protection