Vol. 3, No.3, September 1989 195

A Revision of the South American Hairstreak Genera Tergissima and Femniterga (: )

by Kurt Johnson

Department Of Entomology American Museum of Natural History Central Park Illest at 79th Street New York, New York 10024

... ~~ ~~ Tergissima Johnson and Femniterga Johnson, I-- ~,- ~ ";T _II ~~ central Andean ,. are revised..to include, ~-~ _,.. '-0/' ~vu~ .....u ~Lll O:;p"'\;I"'O:; c= ...... ~ (of which six are nreviouslv undescrihed) Npw ---...... -y ...... ~ ~ -~ 7, ....,.;: , , comDinauons mClUue JI'emnirerga cissusa ~newn;- ~n~\ 1<' ,,;nn;nnn -- . .\ ft~.:I Ji" ", L it: R ..,.;:;;,' C- ~ .-i:' (Druce), all transferred from Thecla; new species L-1 ~//) 'd~ .~7/l Tn 77 ".-: .~/ '7 .....u ... .. ". '0 , 'Ki:~ ,iflj "~ and Femnitertla itaituba F. meuana F. sDlendida C .. ! '.~ 7 ~ I --r""('- . - ..-. --=- - anu L'. 'HI • .n ~~"'.!s :0 IUI- "-. ThDr>lrr - .. a,.", nart of a largely undescribeaeumaeme assemblage also ineluding Cal 'CO is Seudder and Gal 'st 'rna Field. Fig".e 1. Generalized under surface wing patterns char ''P acterizing (A) Calycopis, Tergissima & Femniterga, (B) Ca~>:s­ tryma and tenninology (sensu Johnson et al, 1988) used herem. "Component A"-- FW postmedian tripartite line, usually from Introdl Jction costa to cell CuAl (black distad, red centrad, wbite basad); "Component B"-- HW medial tripartite line, M3 element out of line and forming a crossbar to rest of line [the "M3 crossbar"]; In 1988, as part of a faunal survey of NW "Component C" __ Iimbal area Witb extremelY "W"-sbaped conhg- Argentine hairstreak (Johnson, Eisele & uration of medial line framing various number of red or orange MacPherson 1988 [hereafter, Johnson et at. 1988), I orBS, !lells M3 to anal margin and with variously emphatic described the new genera Tergissima and Eemni- Thecla-spot at cell CuAl. terga from four sympatrlc speCIes occurrmg m the Because the distinctive morphologies typifying NW Argentine and SE Bolivian Andes region taxa of Tergi.

Systematics both sexes generally brown (Johnson 1988, John- son et al. 1988). It is possible that species of Tergis Purpose and Methods. The general purpose sima and Femniterga may be confused with an of this study is to continue delimiting monophyletic unnamed sympatric group of species of generic groups in the large, superficially similar, group of worth with brown males and blue females and Eumaemi contaimng the Calyeopzs assemblage and gemtaha mamly dIstmgmshed m males by a more the "hesperitis", IbadQCQ", "vesulus", "ceerops" and robust vinculum and paired, centrally directed, "demonassa" species groups of Draudt (1919) apodemes on the eighth tergite and in females by an (hereafter, the "DIaudt gIOUpS"). Bridges (1988, p. elongate caudally fluted ductus (Fig. 11). It is in­ II.20) recently cited the uncertainty concerning tended to name and describe this genus and its species compOSItions m these assemblages. Current­ component speCIes as part of a forthcommg study of ly, cladistic analysis of this large component of the generic groupings in the Calystryma like assem is inhibited by a preponderence of unde- blage. All the above taxa can be readily separated scribed entities. Study of extensive samples and nom the common Thecla species autoclea Hewitson extant types (Johnson 1988; Johnson et al. 1988) by the latter's continuous hindwing band (Fig. 2H) suggests some 40-50% of the species level taxa are and structural characters (Johnson, 1988). undescribed, with numerous undescribed taxa As noted in detail in Johnson (1988, Figs. 3-4, displaymg morphologIes dIverging widely from AppendiX and Table 1), Tergissima and Femniterga knO'llll taxa. differ markedly in tergal and genitalic morphology . Materials. Specimens utilized for the present from taxa of Calycopis, Calystryma (Fig. 3) and the study include samples from the Allyn Museum of Draudt groups. Primarily, the four genera of the Entomology (AME), American Museum of Natural Calycopis assemblage are distinguished by various HIStOry (AMNH), Bntish Museum (NaturaI HISto­ modifications ofthe eighth tergzte (the "subcordate ry) (BMNH), Carnegie Museum of Natural History incised posterior cavity" described in detail by Field (CMNH), Field Museum of Natural History 1967a, 1967b, Johnson 1988, Johnson & Matusik (FMNH), Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford 1988, and Johnson et at. 1988) and genitalia. Com- University

_lL-_-II!I.OG",,"--_...I~ __--l~L-H _

Figure 2. Adults ofTergu$tma (serially in rows,lert: to right in half-sides, upper surface *len*; under surface *right*). A T. moscont­ ensi3, paratype male. Mosconi. Argentina. 20 June 1976 (AMNH); B. same, paratype female. same locality, 9 June 1976 (AMNH); C. T. maqJhusoni. paratype male, La Esperanza, Argentina, 20 June 1975 (AME); D. same, paratype female. Tartagal, Argentina. 31 May 1982 (AMNH); E. T. shargeli, holotype female. F. T. montanensu, holotype male; G. same, allotype female; H. Thecla auloclea (under surface only), Pichanal. Argentina (AMNH). Field (1967a, 1967b). Since "sipc" is in the liter­ Johnson el a/. (1988) listed "Thecla" species belong­ ature, I use it here in italicized form to save space. ing in Femnilerga but did not use formal binomials; Similarly, because sipc structures are deteiled in a hence, I treat such combinations here as new. number of publications, and cited often herein, I abbreviate these citations hereafter as: "Field op. cils." for Field 1967a, 1967b and "Johnson op. cils." Revision for Johnson 1988, Johnson 1989, Johnson & Matu­ sik 1988, and Johnson, Eisele and MacPherson Genus Tergissima Johnson 1988). Some localities in Material Examined are Figs. 2,3C-F placed in quotation marks because of their general­ ized data or for reasons explained in each section. Tergissima Johnson 1988, p. 30. Johnson et al. Specimens dissected are marked with an asterisk 1988, p.19. [oJ. Locality names for Argentine specimens are taken from Johnson el a/., 1988, Table 1. In text, Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Eumaeini by previously described species are treated in a brief elaborate sipc in male and, in female, genitalia with diagnostic format; if their genitalia were not exam· only a simple, tubelike, ductus bursae almost lack· ined hitherto, a description is provided. New taxa ing terminal genital plates and corpus bursae signa receive full descriptive treatment. Citing this work, common to other Eumaeini (Fig. 3). Male genitalia 198 Insecta MundI

generally resemble Femniterga, lacking prominent and inferior genital plates. Genital plates are saccus and with baso eephalie area of vineulum prominent in Femniterga but the ductus bursae declined nearly 900 to rest of vincular arc (Fig. diminutive (Fig. 6-7). 3CEF,8,9,11A). Wing upper surfaces in Doth sexes External Secondary Sexual Characters-­ of Tergis.sima are brown (like most Calystryma), Males of Tergissima and Femniterga exhibit a but on the under surface the hmdwmg trIpartite darkened, tlat-sheened dIstal patch m the diSea! cen. band and limbaJ markings are like those of Calyce Johnson (1988) discussed the status of these dull pis (Fig. 1A). See Remarks below. markings as ''brands'' (sensu Eliot 1973).

Type species. Tergissima mosconiensis Johnson (1988) by original description. Species

Distribution. Four species distributed from NW Argentina and NC Chile northward to C Pel u. Tergissima mosconiensis Johnson Figs 2AB,3C Remarks. The following remarks apply both to Tergissima and Femniterga b11 t, to save space, will Thrgissima mosconiensis Johnson 1988, p 34 not be repeated m the treatment ofthe latter taxon. Johnson et al. 1988, p. 19. Comparative Morphology Detailed mor- pliological comparisons for Calycopis, Calystryma, Diagnosis. Superficially distinguished from con- Tel'gissima and Femniterga have been presented geners by resplendent; lunular, red markings cover­ previously (.Iohnson 1988, Figs 3-4, Appendix and ing most of the under surface limbal area In Table I, Johnson et at. 1988, l"lgS. 8-9). In the morphology, eXhIbIting a umque termm8l prong on present paper, for rapid referenee, major eharaeters the male sipc which (even in undisseeted sped of Calycopis and Calystryma (from their type spe­ mens) can usually be seen protruding from the cies) are illustIated along with Tergissima in Fig. 3. abdomen along with the aedeagal terminus. Female Tergissima males have the most elaboratedly modi- genitalia with ductus bursae length about 6X width ned sipc. It extends from beneath the SIxth seg­ ('I'. macphersom [sympatrlC WIth 1'. moscomensls] ment's dorsum caudad to an extremely incised, with a mueh more elongate dUetlls, length exeeed sometImes pronged, terminus. Laterally, the sipc ing 12X width). eovers the entire circumference of the abdomen Adult. Male. Fig. 2A; fmewing 11.5-13.0 mm. Qeaving notches for the seventh and eighth segment Female' Fig 2B; forewing 105-125 mm Tergal spiracular openings and, in some speCIes, recurvmg Morphology and Genitalia. FIg. 3e. For detailed beneath the terminal sternite). The sipc is similar description see Johnson 1988, p. 34 [Adults, Figs. m Femmterga (Figs. 8-9). These structures differ lA-D; Genitalia, Figs. 3C,H; 4E]. greatly from the sipc in 0) Calycopis (Fig. 3D) (caudal modification extending from beneath sev­ Types. Holotype male·, allotype female·, AMNH. enth segment and laterally short of tbe spiracles, TJ.· ARGENTINA Salta proy , Mosconi (xeric without sculptured modifications [like prongs or woodland bordering chaco). plates]) and (in Calystryma (Fig. 3A) (caudal modi­ fication as abO";e, lateral modification extending just DistIibution. Spatial. known nom seveIal xeric beyond spiracles, with a pronglike terminus in a woodland and chaco habitats in Salta and Jujuy single species). In the genitalia, both Calycopi.'1 and proYinces, Argentina; also known from eastern Calystryma (Fig. 3A,B) have a prominent saccus Bolivia. Temporal: monophenic [sexually mono- and no drastic central decimatiOn in the vincular morphicl; known from nearly every month of the arc. Female genitalia of Tergissima (Fig. 30 F) lack year except September to December. the prominent genital plates which occur in other geneIa of the assemblage. As emphasized in Field Remarks. As detailed in Jobnson (1988, Fig 4) op. cits. and Johnson op. cits., Calycopis taxa have and Johnson et al. (1988, Fig. 9) generic characters prominent ductus bursae, a disto termin811y spined readily separate T. mosconiensis from the only superior genital plate and an inferior genital plate Calystryma species with an sipc terminal spine (C. with bilateral, extremely sclerotized, ventral plates; heta Field 1967b, Figs. 1,14). In addition, the termi­ Calyst/:mta taxa have prominent ductus bursae and nal spine in C kern is always pointed, with sipc emphatic disto-terminal spines on both the superior immediately cephalad variously serrate (in T. Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 199

Figure 3. Tergal Morphology and Genitalia of Calycopis, Calystryma and Tergissima (format: left, male-- a, lateral view genitalia .Nit!i aedeagws reme.ed [solid line and earrot showing expanse !lfid point of attachment of brush organs, respeetiYely]; b, lateral VIew, valvae; c, ventral VIew, valvae; d, dorsal view, s~pc; right, female, ventral VIew, ductus bursae and termmal genital plates with distal end of corpus bursae). A Calystryma blora Field (type species) male [female C. keta Field (C. blora female not availaBle; stated to be like C. keto., Field 1967b)]. B. Calyeepis _mps Fabrieius [type speeies C. JJOOSUS Hubner = C. cecropsl, between male and female, four examples of extent of terminal spines (top to bottom: C. caulonia (Hewitson), C. chawlI

Figure 4. Adults of Fcmnilerga: nob::asla11ea Species Group and F. strobilala (ronnal as Fig. 2). A. F. notaca.stanea, paratype male, Cucho, Argentina, 15 January 1987 (AMNH); B. some, parotypc female (some data os A); C. F. cissusa. topotypicoJ mole. Para, Amazon (BMNH); D. same, topotypical female (same data as C) (BMNH); E. F. megana, allotype male; F. same, holotype female; G. F. strobil41a, allotype male (under tiurfl\c:e only, upper surface brown); H. same, holotype female. mosconiensis, spine is rounded with sipc immedi­ Female: Fig. 2D; forewing 10.0-12.0 mm. Tergal ately cephalad exhibiting a second, less prominent, Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 3E. For detailed caudally directed lobe). Johnson et at. (1988) list description see Johnson 1988, p. 34 [Adults, Figs. eight specimens of this species collected since lE-H; Genitalia, Figs. 3C,4F,5C). Johnson (1988). Types. Holotype male", allotype female", AMNH. TL: ARGENTINA. Salta Prov., Tartagal (cut-over Tergissima macphersoni Johnson mesic woodland). Figs. 2CD, 3E Distrihution. Spatial: geographically congruent Tergissima macphersoni Johnson 1988, p. 34. with T. mosconiensis, but known primarily from Johnson et at. 1988, p. 20. mesic habitats. Temporal: monophenic [sexually monomorphic); known currently from April Diagnosis. Limbal area marked with limited red­ through June. orange (anal margin to caudal area of cell M3); terminus of sipc trilobate (not terminally pronged); Remarks. Johnson et at. (1988) list seven speci­ ductus bursae of female genitalia elongate (length mens of this species collected since Johnson (1988). exceeding 12X width [circa 2X relative ductus bursae length in T. mosconiensis). Adult. Male: Fig. 2C; forewing 10.0-11.5 mm. Vol. 3, No.3, September 1989 201

Figure 5. Adults ofFemniterga:judae Species Group

Etymology. Named for Rabbi Norton Shargel. elevation "9,200 ft." (valley arid temperate zone elime ','lith sUl'l'ounding montane areas semi arid chapparel). He noted very few were collected Tergissima montanensis, new species at the site. Such xeric habitat is compatible with the Figs 2FG,3F conditions noted for Tergi.'1sima in Argentina (Johnson et ai. 1988). Diagnosis. Under surface hind....ling with extreme ly pronounced Thecla-spot (cell euA1); male sipc Etymology. The name refers to the montane with terminal knob (but not extruding prong as in habitat of the type locality. T. mosconiensis). Genitalia of male with unique (i) centrally produced labides, (11) arc-shaped flllces, (11) greatly declined ventral vincular element and (iv) Genus Femniterga Johnson IateraI shouldering of valvae; female with shovel- Figs. 4-10 like (not tapered) ductus terminus. Femniterga Johnson 1988, p. 36. Johnson et al. Description. Male. Upper surface of wings: 1988, p. 20. grOllDd blackish brown, hindwing with long tail, termmus vem CuA2, short tall, terminus vein Diagnosis. Distinct among Eumaeini by occur­ CUi\..!. Under surface of wings: ground beige; pat- rence of an elaborate sipe in female as well as male tern typical of genus (Fig. 1A) but Thecla-spot (cell (Figs. 6-10). Female genitalia with (i) ductus bursae CuAI) pronounced and with red coloration in length often less than that of genital plates (former adjacent cell M3 and surrounding the "W"-shaped sometimes hardly sclerotized and latter often great- element of tripartite band. F'orewmg: 10.0 mm. ly pronounced and termmaIIy spmed) (n) corpus (holotype). Female. Similar to male but with bursae diameter usually about same as ductus hindwing somewhat more rounded. Length of bursae length with two small, cross-shaped, signa. forewing. 10.0 mm. (allotype). Male Tergal Male genitalia similar to Tergissima with elaborate Morphology and Genitalia Fig 3F, left: Valvae sipc and genitalia with baso-cephalic area ofyjncu- widely shouldered laterally; saccus more apparent lum dechned nearly 90° to rest of vmcular arc and than in congeners (length about 1/3 'h'idth of adja not terminating "'lith a pronounced saccus (Figs. 8 cent vinculum); labides pronounced centrally to 9). Hindwings of females with brilliant, often patchy elongate, slightly ventrally-declined, prong; falces 01 strobile, blue Or purple on uppersurface; male arc-shaped; aedeagus with shaft and caecum nearly upper surfaces variously dull iridescent blue to in Same plane; brush organs elongate, abuttmg blue-hued brown. Under surface, both sexes, With entire dorsal expanse of vincular arc. Female simple tripartite band pattern (Fig. IN like that of TergaI Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 3F, Calycopis and Tergissima. right. Ductus elongate, length circa 7* maximal width; lamellae shovel-like, not terminally tapered; Type species. Femniterga notacastanea Johnson corpus bursae lacking signa (1988) by original description

Types. Holotype male·, allotype female·, PERU. Distribution. Nine species distributed in E South Mt. Ollantaitamba, 3-5000 m., 25 March 1947, leg. J. America from montane C Argentina northward to C. Pallister, deposited AMNH. the Guyana Shield and in W South America from NE and C Pem southward to BE BOlivia Distribution. Spatial and Temporal: known only from tYPe specimen data. Remarks. I divide Femniterga into three species gtoups, each exhibiting distinctive constellations of Remarks. Types were collected by Dr. John Pal­ characters as noted in brief introductory sections. lister, late Curator Emeritus in Entomology (AMNH) on the Frank Johnson Expedition to Peru in 1947 (PaIIister 1956). PaIIister made detailed Species notes on collecting areas, some ofwhich were pub- lished in 1956. Published notes describe the type 1. notacastanea Species Group-- female sipc locality as all "Inca village" in the valley of the Rio dorsum robust (length and width almost equal) Urubamba, latitude 13° 13' S., longitude 72° 20' W., divided by prominent central suture line, lateral Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 203

surface curvate centro-cephalically and baso-caudal- Thecla cissusa Hewitson 1863-1878 [1877], p. 188 Iy (Fig. 6A); female genitalia '+'lith either or both [yol. 1], pl. 75, figs. 589, 590 [yolo 2]. Vleeks genital plates extremely produced and with disto- 1911, p. xiv. Draudt 1919, p. 800, fig. 158h. terminal spines, male genitalia with labides pro­ Comstock & Huntington 1958-1964 [1959], duced centrally to dorsally P 187 Zikan & Zikan 1968, p 56 Johnson et al. 1988, p. 20. Bridges 1988, pp. 1.81, 11.105. Femniterga notacastanea Johnson Figs. 4AB, 6A, SA Diagnosis. Both sexes with forewing upper surface brown; male hindwing flushed dull blue, female Femniterga notacastanea Johnson 1988, p. 38. hindwmg brillIant silvery blue, varymg from basally Johnson et al. 1988, p. 20. directed cone shaped patches caudad vein CuA1, to entirely silverish except around a large marginal Diagnosis. On wing upper surface males brown­ spot in this latter cell. Female superior and inferior ish, slightly flecked with dull iridescent blue; female genital plates pronounced and about equal in size, forewings brown, hindwing overcast blue; both superior plate with slight, inturned, disto-terminal sexes with duB, but diagnostic, orangish spot spines Female sipc with lateral curvature sweeping submargmw m hmdwmg cell CUAl. Fem8Ie genita­ prominently haso-caudad (Fig. 6B); males szpc lia with cephalic area of ductus bursae hardly terminating with prominent hemispherical lobes sclerotized, superior genital plate widely bilobate (Fig.8B). and terminally spined, inferior genital plate diminu­ Adult. Male: Fig. 4Cj forewing 8.0-10.0 mm. tive Female' Fig 4D; forewing 8 5-10 0 mm Male Adult. Male: F'Ig. 4A; forewmg, 11.0-12.5 mm. Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 8B. Female: Fig. 4B; forevling, 11.0 11.5 mm. Male Dorsum of sipc with prominent lobate termini. Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 8A. Genitalia with valvae elongate with gradually ta­ Female Tergal MOlphology and Genitalia. Fig. pered tennini tapeI, vinculum and falces laterally 6A. For detailed description see Johnson 1988, p 38 robust; ]abides with steep dorsa-cauda] production; [Adults, FIgS. 2A-D; Gemtaha, FIgS. 3DG,4AG]. aedeagus straIght; slIghtly recurvate near termmus; brush organs dense, anchored doFSo cephalieally on Types. Holotype female*, allotype male*, AMNH. vinculum. Female Tergal Morphology and TL. ARGENTINA. Salta Prov., Piguirenda to Genitalia. Fig. 6B. Sipe with pIominent baso- Acambuco at Laguna Las Catas, 850 m. (hydric caudal lateral curvature. Genitalia with superior woodland). and mfenor gemtal plates both large (expanse equalling length of ductus), superior plate ",'lith Distribution. Spatial: known primarily from inturned disto-terminal spines, varying somewhat montane wet woodland habitats, 1-3000 m. in the in pIominence (largest in SE BIazil), infeIioI plate Argentine Andean Piedmont (sensu Johnson et al. bilaterally convex. 1988) northward into SE Bolivia; a few specimens are known from more mesic, marginal or grassland Types. **1'"<"'0 syntype females, BMNH, labelled areas. Tempor8I: monophenic [sexu8Ily dimorphic]: "Thecla cissusa Hew., 79-69", "Para, L. [lower?] known from every month of the year except season- Amazons", "B.M. type no. 1072", "cissusa 2", heIe al transition months of February-March and designated lectotype. Paralectotype [custom of August. BMNH] female, JabeJJed "Tbecla cissusa Hew, 79- 60", "Para", "cissusa 1" [such number labels refer to Remarks. Johnson et al. (1988) list fifteen speci­ an itemization of specimens determined to repre­ mens of this species collected since Johnson sent syntypes by BMNII staff:I. (1988a). In 1989, a female from Buenavista, Bolivia, (no other data) was added to the BMNH collection Distribution. Spatia)' known from tbe Guyana Shield SE across Bahia State and adjacent areas of Brazil southward to Sao Paulo and westward from Femniterga cissusa (Hewitson), W Mato Grosso State to E Bolivia and E Peru. Temporal: dates on specimens span September to March. 204 Insecta Mundi

Remarks. F. cissusa is the mostwidely distributed Femniterga megana, new species species of the genus and (except fol' the long series Figs. 4EF, 6G, 8G of NW Argentine F. notacastanea assembled by R. Eisele and B. MacPherson) the most well­ Diagnosis. Presently known only from montane represented in collections Its occurs jn three gener- central Argentina, this species has numerous ally allopatric popUlations (Guyana Shield to Bahia umque characters. Un the wmg upper surfaces the State, Brazil; SE Brazil; and SW Brazil nortmvard female's hindvt'ing is marked by a wide (bas81 to into Peru). Comments by Pallister (1956) concern- median) patch of deep azure blue (similar only to F. ing Bella Vista (PERU, see MateIial Examined, itaituha), Ule male has Ule wingbase blue (Similal to below) specimens, suggest this species is a primarily F pluman.

Remarks. These specimens were mentioned by Johnson (1988) but not described. As noted in Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 205

Johnson op. cits., the C. S. Larsen collection termini spikelike; aedeagus nearly straight except (MNHN) is largely unsorted but contains numerous for slight ellrve in terminal one third; brush organs austral Neotropical specimens. Some of these were thickly abutting dorsal vincular surface. Female descIibed by Lath)' (1926, 1936) and curated into Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 10D. the specially-housed MNHN Fournier Collection; Sipc with invaginated, sculptured cephalic margin others remam m unsorted sectIOns of MNHN extendmg laterally around abdomen to bIfurcate supplemental materi81. .Along with duj)lieate eollee termini dorsad the genital lamellae; sipe dorsal tion date, the primary types are construed as repre- suture line not emphatic. Superior plate of genitalia senting the same species because of the (i) biogeo­ with two greatly produced distal prongs, infeIior graphic unity of the region oftheir occurrence and plate bilaterally convex its known endemism and (11) umqueness of their characters. Types. Holotype female·, allotype male·, PERU. Uruhuasi, S. Peru, 7000 ft., April and May, 1910, W. Etymology. The species is named for Megan F. Rosenberg, deposited BMNII. Foran Schmidt. Distribution. Spatial and Temporal: known only from type data. Femniterga splendlda, new species Fig. 10 Remarks. Species was disco.....ered in 1989 and added in proof; illustrations of Fig. 10 were sepa- Diagnosis. Both sexes with broad bright red or rately formatted. Along with distinctive wing and red-orange basal border to medial band of hind- genitalic characters, the species is the largest in the wmg; male uppersufface dark brown WIth hghter genus. buff borders and apiees, female uppersurfaee brownish black with sheen of blue gray on hind­ Etymology. Named for the bright red-orange wing. In morphology, female sipc with sculptured basal hindwing band. cephalic ridge invaginating dorsally and lateraJIy, and formmg bifurcate lobes at Juncture WIth 2. The strobzlata [presently monobaSIC] emphatically pronged superior genital plate; male SpeGies Group. Dorsum of female sipe ....Ath een genitalia with short, thin valvae, laterally produced tral suture line but lateral surface extremely dis­ vinculum and elongate, neady stIaight; aedeagus. tended ventro-terminally; genitalia with termini liplike, lacking pronounced development of the Description. Male. Upper surface of wings: gemtal plates. ground dark brown with lighter buff margins and apices, hindwing with long tail, terminus vein CuA2, short tail, terminus vein CuA1. Under sur- Femniterga strobHata, face ofwings: ground, light brown; pattern typical of new species genus but with broad red-orange basal border to Figs 4GB, 60, 80 medial band, limbal area with bright orange red at the Thecla-spot, in adjacent cell M3 and around the Diagnosis. Hindwing uppersurface in female with "'II" shaped element ofthe tripartite band. Fore- strobile purple stripes radiating from the wing base; wing: 12.0 mm. (allotype). Female. Upper surface male completely brown (but hindwing notably ofwings' forewing dark brown, slightly hued blue; rounder than congeners and (!uA2 tail With promi- hindwing with gray blue suffused throughout. nent white terminus). In morphology, ventro- Onder surface ofwings: as on mwes but basal red terminal surface offemale sipc distended drasticly band more pronounced. Forewing. 12.5 mm. (holo- for genus and female genitalia lacking pronounced type). Male Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. development of genital plates (ductus termini lip­ Fig. lOCo Sipc with termino-Iateral margins trilo- like, smooth-edged and nearly equal in terminal bate. Genitalia with laterally paired valval lobes length); male with area of vinculum abutting falces short (termini not reaching dorso terminiiI areh of greatly produeed, ventram ofvalves deeply cleft. falces) and widely separated; vinculum with lateral Female hindwing coloration markedly resembles surface greatly produced at the ventral declination, both sexes of Calystryma blora Field (see Remarks). dwarfing diminutive saccus; labides dorsally pro- ducedj falces shouldered closely to vinculum with Description. Male. Upper surface of wings: 206 Insecta Mundi

ground brown, hindwingwith long tail, terminus apex 12.0 mm. - 13.5 mm.) are usually larger than vein CuA2, short tail, terminus vein CuAl. Under F. strobilata. surface of wings: ground, light brown; pattern A number of taxonomically disparate taxa share typical of genus, limbal area with bright orange red the strobile markings hitherto attributed only to C. at the Thecla-spot, in adjacent cell M3 and around blora Femniterga strobilata females also resemble the "W"-shaped element of the trIpartite band. another, undescnbed, sympatric speCles WhICh also Forewing: 10.5 mm. (allotype). Female. Upper laeks an sipe but has genitalia not typical Of either surface of wings: forewing brown; hindwing with Femniterga or Calystryma. Within Femniterga, F. stlobile pUIple stIipes ladiating hom wingbase. stlObilata is widely sympatIic on the Guyana Shield Under surface ofwings: as on males Forewing: 11 0 with F eissusa; the divergence of these characters mm. (holotype). Male Tergal Morphology and suggests the genus has been long established in Genitalia. Fig. 8D. Valvae '}lith laterally paired South ...&..merica. lobes widely separated; vinculum lateral surface robust, asymmetrical the ventIally declined legion Et,mology. The name refers to coloration Oft the with saccus hardly apparent; labides centrally female hindwing. produced; falces widely shouldered at base and short termini; aedeagus bowed in ventral one-third; Material examined: aU specimens examined have been brush organs thick, abutting dorsal vincular sur­ mcluded In the type series. The following females of C. blora have been examined: BRAZIL. Benevides, October 1960, faee. Female Tergal Morphology and Genita ***thiee fem8J.es (CMNH); Miinacapuru, AJriiizon River, *·two lia: Fig. 6D. Sipe ventro-caudally distended; genita- females (AMNH). FRENCH GUIANA. St. Laurent, *one lia lacking pronounced terminal plates; rather, malef*6l'1e female [i.d. W. D. Field] (AMNH); GUYANA Shudi har River, *one male/*one female [Ld. W. D. Field] (AMNH); ductus termini liplike, smooth-edged and nearly "BIitish Guiana", *one female (BMNII). equal m termmal length. 3. jutlae Species Group. Female sipc "'lith Types. Holotype female*, allotype male*, FRENCH dorsum thin (width greatly exceeding length), GUIANA. Mawni, deposited MNHN. Paxatypes: lacking notable centlal sutUte line and with latelal FRENCH GUIANA "Guyana Francaise", ***three surface exhibiting a prominent ventro-cephalically males, ""*flve females (MNHN); "Guyana li'ran­ dIrected lobe; gemtaha WIth superIOr gemtaI plate caise, C. Bar", *one female (BMNH); GUYANA. unspined, inferior genital plate diminutive to laek Berbice, New River Triangle, Camp Jaguar, 500', 8­ ing; male genitalia with labides produced ventrally. 10 NO'fember 1980, leg. S. Steinhausel, ·fOUI males, *one female (AME); "British Guiana", 20 March 1913, *one female (AMNH); Mallah, 20 March Femniterga judae Johnson 1913, *one female (AMNH). SURINAM. "Surinam", Figs. 5AB, 7A, QA *one female (MNHN). Femniterga judae Johnson 1988, p. 39. Johnson et Distribution. Spatial: known from severallocali­ al. 1988,p. 21. ties in the Guyana Shield region Temporal' the only dated specimens are noted from late March. Diagnosis. Both sexes with distinctive brilliant blue patches over the caudal two thirds of the Remarks. I h~ e used the Maloni specimens as hindwing upper surface; under surface tripartite the primary types because they include a male and band thick and lunular. Female genitalia similar female with duplicate data Regarding wing pattern only to F itaituba, but with superior genital plate similarity between this species and C. blora the rectangular and ductus bursae straight (F. itaituba mwe genitalia of the latter were illustrated by Field genital plate with guadrasphericil1lobes and ductus (1967b, Fig. 3) and the female genitalia cited as eephalieaHy reeurvate). unknown. Dissection of numerous female C. blora Adult. Male: Fig. 5A; forewing, 10.5-11.5 mm. (AMNH, CMNH, BMNH or as identified by Field Female· Fig 5B; forewing, 11.5-12 0 mm Male by wing pattern and with data duplicating males) Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 9A. shows tile genitalia is typiiiaI Of Calystryma (there is Female Genitalia. Fig. 7A. For detailed desGrip no sipe and the genitalia have an elongate ductus tion see Johnson 1988, p. 39 [Adults, Figs. 2E-H; bursae and prominent disto-terminal spines on both Genitalia, Figs. 3Dc,4B,H]. genital plates). Further, C: blora females (FW, base- Types. Holotype female*, allotype male*, AMNH. Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 207

TL: ARGENTINA. Salta Prov., Mosconi (xeric Types. Holotype male, BMNH, labelled "Type" woodland bordering GhaGo). "Thecla plumansj H. H. DruGe", "Chapada, Mato Grosso, H. H. Smith", "B.M. type 1004" [OD says Distribution. Spatial. known flam lowland (400­ "Chapada; Campo, Blazil, Decembel"]. 500 m.) xerophytic chaco and chaco margin habitat m Salta Provmce, Argentma (BMNH specimens Distribution. Known from numerous localities in from Tucuman have onlY provincial data). Tempo Maw Grosso State, Brazil, and adjacent Paraguay. ral: Known only from May to July. Remarks. The holotype lacks an abdomen, another Remarks. Johnson et al. (1988) list two specimens Druce specimen

Diagnosis. Male with hindwing upper surface dull azure blue at base, female with wing entirely bril­ Femniterga itaituba, new species liant silvely blue, both sexes with plominentblack Figs. 5EF, 70, 90 marginal spot in cell euA1 of hindwing In mor- phology, female szpc with promment ventro­ Diagnosis. Both sexes With hmdWlng Wings above cephalic curvature, genitalia with distinctively marked dark azure blue in a hemispherical patch rectangular genital plates (inferior plate about half basad the discal cell (similar to female of F. expanse of superiOl) and a tr tlncated ductus b tilsae megana). Female genitalia with (i) ductus bursae (only slightly sclerotized cephalad the genital cephalically recurved, (ii) inferior genital plate plates); male genitalia With lateral surfaces of vincu­ dimmutive while posterior plate pronounced as two lum extremely thin, valvae shouldered laterally and bilateral quadraspheres. Male genitalia with valva! extending to thin, dorsally inclined termini and termini thin and spinelike, aedeagus greatly re­ aedeagns radically reClll vare in its caudal one-third. CUI VEld in its terminal one-third. Adult. Male: Fig. 5C; forewing 9.0-10.0 mm. Female' Fig 5D; forewing 9 5-111 5 mm Male Description. Male Upper surface of wings' Tergal Morphology and. Genitalia. Fig. 9B. ground fuSCOllS, hinclwing with hemispherical azure Termini of dorsal plate of sipc extremely ovate in blue patch at base. Hindwingwith long tail, termi­ dorsal view. Genitalia with lateral surface ofvincu- nus vein CuA2, short tail, terminus vein CuAI. lum and falces very thin for genus; valvae laterally Under surface of wings: ground medium brown; shouldered, terminally elongate, greatly recurved pattern typical of genus (Fig tAl but "W"-shaped terminad in the lateral view; labides ventrally element oftripartite band very large, costal element produced; aedeagus greatly recurved terminad; comparatively smaIl; IimbaI area with red extensive brush organs short. Female Tergal Morphology around Thecla spot and in eeH MS. Fore.....ing: 8.0 and Genitalia. Fig. 7B. Dorsal and lateral sur­ mm. (allotype). Female. Upper surface of wings: faces, sipc, with prominent ventro-cehaplic recurva- similar to male except hindwing with azure blue ture. Genitalia with ductus bursae truncated, patch more distally expansive. Under surface of sclerotized only slightly cephalad genital plates, wings: as on maIes. Forewing: 10.0 mm. (holotype). latter which are rectangular in shape with terminal Male Tergal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. expanse of superior plate about twice that of the 9C. Valvae terminally tapered to thin spine-like inferior. prongs; saccus absent; labides ventrally produced; vinculum thin (as in F. plumans); aedeagus with 208 Insecta Mundi

terminal third extremely recurved dorsally; brush (AMNH). Female: Fig. 5H; forewing 10.0 mm. organs of moderate length along dorsal edge of (AMNH). Male Tergal Morphology and Genita vincular arc. Female Tergal Morphology and lia. Fig. 9D. Dorsum of sipc with cephalic protru- Genitalia. Fig. 7C. Lateral surface of sipc with sion bifurcate; genitalia with each valve widely expansive ventro-cephalic lobe Genitalia with shouldered (nearly triangular), termini thinly ductus bursae elongate, cephahcally recurved; tapered; VInculum laterally robust but falces thIn; genilill Plates willi inferior plate diminutive, liplike; labides greatly produeed ventrally; aedeagas gradu superior plate guadraspherically lobate with no ally recurved terminad; brush organs dense, abut- msto-termina! spines. ting entire dorsum of vincular arc. Female Tergal Morphology and Genitalia Fig. 7D. Dorsum of Types. Holotype female·, allotype male·, BRAZIL. szpc rectangular; cephalic area of lateral surface Itaituba, Rio pastaza, H. Desdmon (no other data), eentrally incised. Genitalia with lamellae simple deposited AMNH. PARATYPE: female·, "Amazons and unsculptured, ductus diminutive, signa typical Bates Collection" alEC). (see Remarks).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Types. Holotype female, BMNH, labelled "Thecla cinniana (1), "Hewitson CoIl 79-69", "Amazon", RemarkS. In 1981, Dr. H. Descimon (Universite "B.M. Type Rhop. 1073", "TYPe". de Provence, France) donated to the AMNH a large number of unmounted Theclinae assembled over Distribution. Spatial: known from Trinidad, many years. The types of this species were included; several localities on the Guyana Shield and the nothing else is known oftheir derivation Amazon River area of Para State, Brazil

Etymology. The name is taken from the type Remarks. Field (1967a) considered "Galystryma" locality. cinniana unusual for the genus, referring specifical­ ly to its small size and the diminutive ductus of the female genitalia In bis Fig 20 be a]so j])ust;rated its Fernniterga cinniana (Hewitson), smaller, less dendntically sclerobzed Signa, which n~w combination typify Femniterga. He did not mention the female's Figs. 5GH, 70, 90 radically modified eighth tergite (apparent in his dissection #5082, AMNH), but cited "greatly re- Thecla cinniana Hewitson 1817, vol 1, P 189, vol 2 duced" distal "spurlike processes" (p 23) to place the pI. 75, figs. 593, 594 [female]. Kirby 1877, p. speCIes In Calystryma. These are actually the distal 856; Druce 1907, p. 622. Draudt 1919, vol. edges of the conjoining genital plates. Field's identi 5, p. 805; 1921, p. 827; 1922, pI. 159, figs. fication of females was accurate; confirmed by me fE3], fE4]. Comstock & Huntington 1958- thIOu"h examination of the type. lIe considered the 1964 [1959], p. 187. Zoological Record 1971, male unknown, apparently overlooking an AMNH p 585 [misspelled as "cinmana"] Lewis specimen In Fig '20 I reduce the detail inCluded fOr 1973, p. 67, fig. 8. Johnson et al. 1988, p. 20. other species because sclerotin in Field's dissection Calycopis cinniana: Kaye 1914, p. 570; 1921, p. 94. is rather faded and colorless. Calystryma cinniana. Field 1967b, p. 22. Bridges 1988, pp. I. 81, 11.20. Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Santa­ rem, Amazons, one female (MNIIN). FRENCH GUIANA. "Guyane Francaise", six females (MNHN). TRINIDAD­ Diagnosis. Male unique among congeners with TOBAGO. "Trinidad", December-January 1934, leg. W. G. brilliant silvery blue over entire basal surface below Sheldon, one male, one female (AME); "Trinidad", 1913, ·one the discal cell; female with hindwing completely =;n~;.u~:~·~,9:-;~r::!l:::e~;.:r;?;::e~~~~ silvery blue except for slight black suffusions at #5082 W. D. Field] (AMNH); "Dahadic", Trinidad, Rait-Suite margin of cell euA I Female with sipc dorsum Bequest, ·one female (BMNH); Port of Spain, 9 ,January 191:i, rather rectangular, laterally with central cephalic in forest on cocoa plant, one female (HEC). VENEZUELA. Distriet Federal, "emb, R. Mazare" 24 August 1937 (.A,ME). incision; genitalia with simple, unseulptured lame! LISted 6y F'leW (19676, gender and deposltlon not noted) and not lae; male genitalia with ventrum of each valve examined by me: TRINIDAD. "St. George County, Port ofSpain, nearly triangular, vinculum extremely robust and April"; FRENCH GUIANA. "Colony of Guiana, Cayenne (no date)" BRAZIL "state?, the Amazon (no date)". greatly ventro-terminaJly declined Adult. Male: Fig. 5G; forewing 8.0 mm. Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 209

Acknowledgments Comstock, W. P., and E. I. Huntington. 1958· 1964. An annotated list of the Lyeaenidae John N. Eliot (Taunton, Somerset, United King- (, Rhopalocera) of the western dom) made many useful comments on the initial hemisphere. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 66 study of Tergi.

Figure 6. Female Tergal Morphology and Genitalia in Femniterga: notarostanea Species Group and F. strobilata (format: left above, sipc, dorsal view left of midline [calldal = tJlp]; left below, lateral view with papillae anales; right above, ductus bursae and telminatgenital plates, ventlal view, right below, signum. A. F. notacastanea, holotype; I3. F. cissusa of Fig. 4D; C. F. megana, holotype; D. F. strobilata, holotype. Johnson, K., R. Eisele, and B. MacPherson. Johnson, K., and D. Matusik. 1988. Five new 1988. The "haiIstIeak buttet11ies" (Thecli- species and one new subspecies of butter- nae) of northwestern Argentina I Intro- flies from the Sierra de BaoDlco of Hispani- duction, Calycopzs, Calystryma, Tergzsszma ola. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 57: 221-254. and Femniterga. Bull. Allyn Mus. 123: 1 49. Kaye, w. J. 1914. Additions and corrections to my Johnson, K., B. MacPherson, and J. Ingra­ Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera ham. 1986. A new genus and species of of Trinidad (904). Trans. Entomol. Soc. Eumaeini from northwestern Argentina London 61: 545-586. (Lepidoptera, Lycaemdae). Bull. Allyn Mus. 102: 1-7. Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 211

Figure 7. Female 'I'ergal Morphology and Genitalia ofFenmitel'ga.judae Species Group (format as in Fig. 6). A. F.judae, holotype, B.

Kirby, w. F. 1877. A synonymic catalogue of Lathy, P. I. 1936. Thecla nouveaux d".'\merique du diurnal Lepidoptera, Supplement, March, Sud (Lepidopt. Lycaenidae) pp. 229-232 in 1871- June, 1877. John van Voorst, Lon­ M. Eugene-Louis Bouvier, Livre jubilaire de don. pp. 691-883 [numbered following ini- M Eugene-I.ouis 'Bouvier Firmin-Didot, tial edition]. Paris. Klots, A. B. 1956. Lepidoptela, pp. 97-110 in Lewis, H. L. 1973. Butterflies Of the World. Follett, Tuxen, S. L. (ed.) Taxonomist's Glossary of Chi~O. ~P. Genitalia in Insects. Ejnar Munksgaard, 312 Copenhagen, 284 p. Lathy, P. t. 1926. Notes on the American Thecli­ nae (Lepidoptera) Ann Mag Nat Hist dae, Theclinae). J. Lepid, Soc., Supp. 1. 39 (9)17: 35-47. pp. 212 Insecta Mundi

iii'~;.

., ""!'!./j [:;,::.: ~ _ f\

Figure 8. Male Tergal Morphology and Genitalia ofFemniterga, notocastanea Species Group and F. strobilata (format as in males, Fig 3 bllt aecleagus, lateral view, right). A. F. notaeastanee, allotype; B. F. eissusa of Fig. 4C; C. F. megana, allotype; D. F. strobllata, allotype (below valvae, dorsal Vlew of Vlncular asymmetryat saccus). Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1989 213

::!'. 0 ••~ ...~ l;l~i'i~~li:~·~'~~i· Ii: .-,.~,

j~. ,:~ .~ ~,'

Figure 9. Male Tergal Morphology and Genitalia of Femniterga,judae Species Group (format as in Fig. 8). A. F. judae, allotype; B. F plumans ofFig fiC; CF itaituba, allotype; DF cinnjana ofFig 5G

Pallister; J. C. 195ft Skippers taken on the Frank Scudder, S. H. 1876 Synonymic list of the butter- C. Johnson entomological expedition to flies of North America. Part 2, Rurales. Peru, '..,ith distributional and ecological Bull. Buffalo Soe. Nat. Sci. 3: 98 129. notes (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Am. Mus. Zikan, J. F., and W. Zikan. 1968. Insecto-Fauna Novitates 1763: 1-69. de Itatiaia e da Mantiquieva. Se~o Entomo­ logia e Fito patulogia; Pesq agropec bras, 3: 45-109. 214 Insecta Mundi

8

, ..",

D

..-

.'

Figure 10. Adults and morphology of Femnilerga splendida (addendcd in proof to noto.caslanea Group), A-B. Adults, (upper, let\; under, right), holotype female. allotype male. C. Female morphology (fannat as in Fig. 6. etc.). D. Male morphology «annat as in Fig. 8, etc), Vol. 3, No.3, September 1989 215

a

.. .,'

c

B

,"- / i..;·· ....

Figure 11. Tergal morphology and genitalia of an unnamed sympatric group of species of generic worth with brown males and blue females which could be confused by superficial characters with Tergissima and Femniterga. Format, male as in Figs. 8,9; female as noted below). A male; B. female (upper left slanting right, ventral view genitalia; lower left, a. lateral view slight terminal sipc, b. dorsal view, same, c. lateral view, papillae anales).

Addendum Group but with prominent invaginated cephalo­ dorsal and lateral margins. Female genitalia gener­ Prior to second proof of this paper, a specimen ally like F. itaituba and F. judae but with bilobate came to my attention representing an additional elements of superior plate produced to steep, coni­ species of Femniterga. So it can be further recog­ cal, terminal points. Holotype female (FW nized, I describe it briefly as follows: Femniterga 12.5mm), Iquitos, Peru, 2 October 1931, deposited Qllria, new species. Diagnosis. Female with wing in AMNH. The Latin name means "ear", referring upper surfaces brown except for light iridescent to the pointed ear-like shape characterizing the blue in hindwing cells above the caudal vein of female genitalia. discal cell and M3. Female sipc typical of thejudae

ERRATA: Johnson, K. 1989. A revision of the South American hairstreak butterfly genera Tergissima and Femniterga (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Insecta Mundi 3(3): 195-215. An error occurred in photo placement by the printer. The image for figure 2 on p. 197 was reversed with the image for figure 5 on p. 201. See errata statement 1989 Insecta Mundi 3(4): 311.