28 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988
'f3ergzSSlma.. aIrd Femnlterga,. New Sister Genera of Calycopis Scudder and Calystryma Field from the South Central Andes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
by Kurt Johnson Department of Entomology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, New York 10024
Abstract the Argentine Calycopls and Calystryma faunas In detail. ll n Taxa of ~e generally "blue-abov'e CalyiS and brown-above Calystryma haveextremelysim' ar under surface wing patterns (see Field, 1967a, p.l, 1967b, p. 2) a feature also shared wi~h seve~allittle-studiedgroups of
Hewitson [=sangala Hewitso~] ~. Ca!ycopis and caly- ,, taxa and other Eumaeini by their lack of male forewing seconda sexual brands. Mo holo of the four genera IS compare In e al. our new speCIes are e scribed' 1 masconlensls, 1 macphersonl, f notacastanea and F. judae, three of which are also distributed north forms (quotingField's [1967a, 1%7b] terminology) an"in ward into eastern Bolivia. cised posterior cavitY of Rsubcordate" shape surround Introduction ing the genitalic parts. In Culycopis (Fig. SA) this Lergal innovationis small, scarcelyexceedingthespiracles later- Scudder and Field are genera Calycopis Calystryma In ll any. However, Calystryma It IS much larger (Fig. 3B), of "hairstreak butterilies (Lycaenidae: Theclinael as usuaHy extendingfrom an anteriorprotrusion under the signed Lo Lhe hIDe Eumaeinqsensu ElioL, 1973). Field seventh abdominal segment ventrad past the seventh r~vispd Ca~ycopis (1967a 1967b) md Calystryma includ abdominal spiracles. To accoIIuttodaLe Lhe $piracles Lhere Inj2i speCIes oToi/ycoplSfrOmthe Nearcic animo- is usually an incised notch or opening. tropical realms, and 13 Neotropical Calystryma species. .. In his revisionary work, Field obtained only Since Field obtained only limited Argentine samples limIted samples from Argentina. He listed no Calystryma and healed few taxa souLh of Brazil and Bolivia, John- f~om Arg~ntina, and in Calycopis located only 48 Argen son, Eisele and MacPherson (1988, in press) have studied hne speCImens, 46 of which he identified as C. chtlCOlltl
Kurt Johnson: Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 29
Jorgensen from northwestern Argentina. The remaining Eisele; Philip Ackerv and Richard Vane Wright (for two specimens represented C. indiqo (Druce) from ex British Museum, Natural History); John E. Rawlins; Lee treme nortbeastern Argentina o and Jacqueline Y Miller (for AJlyn Museum of Ento-- In 1984, the American Museum of Natural History mology); M. Ajmat de Toledo (for Instituto Miguel Lillo, (AMNH) acquired most of the Bruce MacPherson col Tucuman, l\rgentina); G. Bernardi and Jacques Pierre lection of Algentine Theclinae. Subsequently, large (for Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle) and ]. Bol- samples of Argentine Theclinae were added by Robert ling Sullivan, III (Duke University). Rev. Eisele also ( Eisele Tbe resulting sample induded over five personally reviewed the final curated collection at the hundred specimens of the Calycopis/ Calystryma assem- AMNH to reconfirm association of males and females blage from some one hundred Argentine localities dis- and their habitat data Charles A Bridges (I IniVerSity of tributed from La Rioja Province north to the Bolivian Illinois) graciously gave access to his computer bibliog- border. Additional material available for study was con raphy concerning Eumaeini nomenclature compiled suited, including the Steinbach BolivianmateIial at the with Rober t K. Robbins (National Museum of Natural Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH), the ex History, Smithsonian Institution). tensive Argentine material in tbe Britisb Museum (Nat- ural History) (BMNH) collected near the turn of the Systematics century by such workers as Steinbach, Hay-.Nard and Knowledge of character polarity in Eumaeini Giocomelli, the collection of the Instituto Miguel Lillo, genera is limited. This results primarily because al- Tucuman, Argentina [IML], and material previously though 67 genera have been assigned to the tribe (Eliot, deposited at tbe AJlyn Museum of Entomology (AME) 1973) over 750 species are still included in the large, het- byMacPherson and Eisele. From these collections, John erogeneous "Thecla" grade (Bridges, 1986) and a still son, Eisele and MacPherson (1988, in press) identified larger numberof taxa remain undescribed. Consequent all the specimens except 58 as various described or un- Iy, interrelations among groups regarded as monophy- desClibed species of Cw'ywpis 01 Culyst'ymu. The othel lenc by various authors are poorly known and the task specimens. though somewhat similar to Calycopis or still remains to define monophyletic terminal assem- Calystryma in general features, immediately attracted at- blages from which future phylogenetic study can tention because of fOreWing markings on males sugges- proceed. tive of secondary sexual brands. Such males (and Calycopis and Calystryma are undoubtedly part of females subsequently associated by wing pattern, col a large! infIatribal monophyletic assemblage ill the lection data, and personal review of the specimens and Eumaeini Considering the composition of the tribe, this their data by Eisele) differ remarkably from Catyropis assemblage probably has at least Holarcuc and Neo- and Calystrynza in genitalic stmcture and also bave tropical distributions At present it is doubtful whether unique specializations of the eighth tergite, including the immediate cladistic outgroups of Calycopis and Caly- tergal modification in some females as well as mates. It strymtl can be determined '...,ith certainty to allow their is apparent from a review of taxa presently placed in the study in a phylogenetic context. A number of groups hibe Eumaeini Oohnson, MacPherson and Ingraham, variously resembling Culycopis alld Culystryma, both 1986) that these unusual specimens cannot be con- new and from within the Thecla grade. require descrip- sldered congeneTlc WIth Calycopis, Calystryma, or any tion before an adequate range of taxa and character known Eumaeini genus, {'he purpose of this paper is to states are available for cladistic evaluation. describe two new genera to include these new taxa and Johnson, MacPherson and Ingraham (1986), in de- discuss them in relation to Ctllycopis, Calystrymtl and sUIDing allother lIew eumaeille gellus from western other eumaeine taxa. Argentina. have listed taxa examined of the Eumaeini mcludmg 359 speCIes of 58 Holarctic and Neotroplcal Acknowledgements genera, 115 apparently undescribed taxa, and taxa of John N. Eliot (Taunton, United Kingdom), John E, Calycopis and Calystryma. Their listing includes types Rawlills (Camegie Museum of NatUlal IIistory), Robelt and ty pe species examined. These examined taxa serve C Eisele ijujuy. Argentina), Frederick H. Rindge as the basis here for description of two additional new (AMNH), and three anonymous reVIewers of the eumaeine genera. As indicated in Table I and the Ap AMNH publications committee kindly reviewed drafts pendix, these new genera have characters clearly sug- of this manuscript. Each made helpful suggestions. The gestmg affimty to Calycop's and Calystryma but also following persons contributed to the material examin characters which are unique. The new genera also ap- ed: Bruce MacPherson (Salta, Argentina); Robert C. pear to have primarily austral Neotropical distributions.
Kurt Johnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 30 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988
Thus, pending future cladistic study, the genera are Limbal area with blue coloration in cell CuA2, with treated here as four separate taxa and the new genera remaining cells costad to M3 variously reddish. tentatively identified amongst Eumaeini as apparent Apex of discal celi with faint whitish slash. some- sister taxa of Calycopis and Calystryma. The Appendix times bordered basad with emphatic red. summarizes the taxonomic characters studied in Caly- Female. Upper surface of the wings: as males but copis, Calystryma, the new genera and superficially sim ground color lighter and without apparent brand ilar butnot closely related sympatric eumaeine taxa. The on forewing. Under surface of the wings: As males la tter are par ticularly represented by 1101 thwestem but With M3 Wing bar reduced Argentine Thecla autoclea, which we have determined by Male Abdominal Mor~holo~~ and Genitalia. Fi~S. reference to the type. BMNH. Table I describes the dis- 3C,1 I, 5C. Eighth te~ite 0rning sderoHzed pos c tributions of characters in these taxa and those distin- rior cavi Fi. 3C extendin from rotrusion enea SIX a omma segmen an enClrc ng abdomen laterally (Fig 31 a,b,c) until recurving Tergissima, beneath the ninth stemite (Fig. 3Cd), with two ven- new genus tro lateral notches or openings proximate the Figures 1; 3C,H; 4E,F; 5C seventh and eighth abdominal spiracles (Fig. 3Ca,b.c). Genitalia (Figs. 3H, 5C) with uncus pro Diagnosis. As detailed in the Appendix for the duced greatly cauda-ventrad (Figs 3H a, 5ea); characters listed below, Terglsslma are dark brown valvae separate alongsaccular margin except at base colored on both wing surfaces and further distinctive in the presence of markings suggestive of brands, certain "tale and female genitalic characters and male tergal 5<:; v' cular c adjoining saccus angled 60::9(r t modification including a sclerotized subcordate incised posterior cavity extending from a protmsion beneath ~;; :~;~:~~~:~g(~::~~t ~:e~~~;:~o;~::~: the sixth abdominal segment laterad past the seventh terminus of saccus to terminus of uncus and with and eighth abdominal spiracles to a recurvate invagina aedea~s ~ointed s~inelike tion beneath the ninth stemite. Diagnostic characters terminus with two cor- nuH (~s. 31Id, 5C , brush organs ti~tly packed, (Table I and Appendix): shared with Fenmiterga vis-a-vis . . ori 'natin alon ventro-Iateral ed e of vincular Tergissima, 1, 17, 31, 33, 35. arc, s or, are y ex en 109 ermma uncus IgS. 3H, line/camt, SC, line/camt) Adult. Antennae fuscous, finely striped white, club Female Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. black ·....ith orange brown terminus, length slightly ex 4E, F. Eighth tergite unIIlodified. Genitalia (Fig. 4E, ceedingone-half thatofforewingbase toapex; headwith F) with ductus bursae of simple tubular shape frons black-brown, eyes brown with white outlining; varymg 10 length, WIdened at Juncture WIth corpus thorax black-brown, slightly haired distad; abdomen bursae and lamellal area. Lamellae hardly black-brown, hghter laterally ventrum nearly whIte. developed, present only as slightly sclerotized post Male. Upper surface of wings' Ground brown to black- vaginal flap; corpus bursae of small diameter, ish brown Apical edge of discal cell appearing as £lat variously less then ductal length: signa absent. or sheen darker than rest of wing suggestive of brand. present only as tWo small spmes; papillae anales Hindwing with shorter and longer tails at termini of widely elliptical with lateral sclerotized areas den veins CuAl and CuA2, respectively. Chestnut dritic; apophyses of papillae anales short, not much colored dotbasad anal lobe I rnder surface ofWings' exceeding length of main par t of papillae anales. Ground light brown. Forewing with postmedian Type Species Tcrgissima moswlliensis, new species whitish line (sometimes black centrad and red basad) from costa to vein CuA2. Hindwing 'lAth Distribution. Presently known from two sympatric postmedian tripartite line from costa to anal margin, species occurring at 500-1000 m. elevation, in Salta and white distad, black centrad and with varying Jujuy provinces. Argentina, with both species known to amounts of red basad. Cell M3 element of this line occur northward into eastern Bolivia. distinctly oblique to rest of line, breaking line costad "w"-shaped configuration (this character reduced Remarks. Itis anticipated that further taxa will be dis in one taxon and some females). Sc + Rl element covered assignable to this genus. Dissections by Field in thickly edged and displaced distad from the line. the AMNH, BMNH and National Museum of Natural
Kurt Johnson' I'ergtssima and fernntfPtga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 31
E F
G H figure 1. Tergissima species. A-D. T. mosroniensis. A) Upper surface, male, holotype. B) Under surface, same. C) Upper sur face, female, paratype. 0) Unde, suriace, same. E-H. T. macphersoni. E) Upper suriace, male, holotype. F) Under suriace, same. G) Upper surface, female, paratype. H) Under surface, same.
Kurt Johnson:Tergissimn and Femniterga Pages 2S-42 32 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988
A 8
c D
E
G H
FIgure 2. Femniterga species. A-D. F. notacostanea. A) Upper surface, male, paratype. B) Under surface, same. q Upper sur face, female. holotype. D) Under surface, same. E-H. F. judae. E) Upper surface, female, holotype. F) under surface, same. G) Upper surface, male, paratype. H) Under surface, same.
Kurt Johnson: Tergissirna and Femn;/trga Pages 2S-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 33
Figure 3 Morphology of the male abdomen and genitalic structures in the genera Calympis caIystryma TetgJssima and Femniterga. A-D. Comparative male tergal morphology. A) Calycopis: a. abdomen, lateral view, diagrammatically outlining in black the expanse of the subCordate inCIsed postenor cavIty (hereafter SIPC) In type speCIes C. poesus Hubner [ C. cecrops Fabricius Field 1967a]' b SIPC dorsal view. C cecrops c. SIPe. dorsal view. C. chacona. B) Calystryma: a. Abdomen, lateral View, oUflimng SIre In type speCIes C. blora Field; b. SIPC, dorsal view, C. biora, Co SIPC, dorsal view, maximal exLenL in genus. C. trebula (Hewitson). C) Tergissima: a. Abdomen, lateral view, outlining SIPC in type species T. mosconiensis; b. SIPC, dorsal view, T. mosconiensis, Co SIPC, ventral view, T. mosconiensis, d, venLIal leculvaLe illVagination. D) Fellllliterga. a. Abdo men, laLeral view, outlining SIPC in type species F. notacastanea; b. SIPC, dorsal view, F. notacastanea. E- H. Comparative male genitalic mOlphology. FOllllaL. a. genitalia with aedeagus lemoved, laLelal view, dark line at left indicating length of bmsh organ; carnt, their point of attachment; b. valvae, ventral view; c. uncus, ventral view; d. aedeagus, lateral view. E) Calycopis type species, cecrops. F) Calystryma type species, blora. G) F. notacastanea, paratype (for F. judae, see Figure 5). H) T. mosconien sis, holorype (for T. macpherstmi, see Figure 5).
Kurt Johnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28--42 34 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988
History (NMNH) indicate he dissected widely in groups whitish slash distad in discal cell, along median tn superficially similar to Calycopis and Calystryma. The partiteline, and in limbal areas in cells 2A, CuA1 and abdominal morphology of Tergissima is so extreme that M3. Length of forewing: 11.5 mm. (holotype): 11.5- Field would certainly have noted such specimens if he 13.0 (X=12.3) (paratypes). had seen them. Female. Similar to males but upper surface lighter All specimens of Tergissima have been dissected brown and lacking forewing brand. Under surface and compared with 98 dissections of males and females less emphatically marked with red and M3 element from the approximately 500 specimens of Calycopis and in uW" of tripartite line less apparent. Length of Calystryma studied, 15 specimens of T. autoclea, and forewing 11.5 mm. (paratype female). selected dissections ofCatycopis and Calystryma prepared Male Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. 3Ca by Field...and deposited at the AMNH and BMNH, and b H. As in eneric descri tion but differin from T. macp ersoni as e a e m agnosis an m e graham (1986). and the Appendix Etymology The I atin generic name is formed from Female Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. the root "tergum" (n.) and the superlative sufhx mean 4E. As m genenc descnption but dIffering from T. ing "very". It refers to the expansive eighth tergite macph€Tsoni as detailed in the diagnosis and Table I characterizing the genus and is considered feminine. and the Appendix. Types. Holotype, male, (Fig. lAB), Mosconi, Salta Pro Tergissima mosconiensis, Vince, Argentina, dry wooded habitat, soo m altitude, 9 new species June1975, B. MacPherson, depositedAMNH. Paratypes: Figures IA-D, 3Ca-b,H; 4E AMNH: female (Fig. l,eD) same data as holotype; two Diagnosis Superficially distinguishable from T males-Repressa de Rio Grande, Jujuy Province, Argen- macphersoni by T. mosconiensis's deeper brown upper tina, 20 June 1975, three males- Pichanal, Salta province, surface on the male and on both sexes the emphatic red Argentina, 1 km. NE. no date: Pichanal. 30 May 1970: 16 May 1972; Robert C. Eisele. CMNH: two males- Rio Ber- meijo, Salta Pl'O'cince, Argentina, J Steinbach, May 1914 tripartite line, and in the limbal cells 2A and euAl ex- IML: one male, one female-Santa Cruz, Bolivia, K. Hay- tendmg to cell M3. 1. moscomenSIS has more extenSIve ward. terminal development of the incised posterior cavity, in Distribution. Presently known from several localities eluding a termino-Iateral protrusion on each side of the in Jl~ny and Salta provinces, Argentina, and from one genitalic apparatus. This protrusion is notable even locality m BohVla. without dissection. The tenninus of the incised poste- nor cavlty m T. macphersoni does not exceed the ter Remarks. Considering the smaH samples, I have in minus of the genitalic apparatus and is vaguely tri-Iobed cluded the Bolivian specimens in the type series since (dorsad, centrad and ventrad). Genitalicly, T. mosconien morpholOgical dIfferences are negligible between these sis is distinct as listed below [(1) T. 1Iloscolliensis and (2) and the primary types and since in both Bolivia and T. macphersoni]: Male- uncus, caudo-ventrad, (1) pro- Argentina T. mosconiensis is sympatric with the sister species desClibed below. Etymology I he species is named fOr the type locality, the site of its initial capture by Eisele and MacPherson. Such designation emphasizes the local habitat, which Female- ductus bursae length, (1) 7.5 times width, (2) 14 presently serves as the type locality of two genera and times width, lamella postvaginalis, (1) lightly sderutized three species represented in the MacPherson collection. trapezoidal flap (2) lightly sclerotized tapered flap: SIgna, (1) none (2) two sman spmes. Description. Male. Upper surface of wings' as char- Tergissima macphersoni, acteristic of the genus with ground darkbrown, api new species cal edge of discal ceB with more noticeably Figures 1E- H, 3Cc, 4F, 5C darkened patch about 1 mm. basad cross-vein of Diagnosis. Distinguished from sister species T. mos- cell. Under surface of wings. characteristic of genus coniensls bycharacters noted 10 DIagnOSIS of that speCIes but with extensive red on hindwing-basad small and abbreviated here as follows: T. macphersoni lighter
Kurt Johnson' Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 35
c
11\1:i'L ',,' J\.
\.i'\ }
Figure 4. Comparative female morphology. Catycopis. Calystryma. Tergissima. and Femniterga. A-B. lndsed posterior cavity (abdominal tegumen removed) in Femniterga species. Format: Left. dorsal view of: a. specialization of eighth abdominal ter- gite; b. sderotiZed area caudad eighth tergite and dorsad genitaltc apparatus; c. paptllae anales; d. lamella postvaginalis.Right lateral view. same as above. with c. representing apophyses papillae anales. A) F. notacastanea. B) F. judae. C-H. Genitalia. Fonnat: genital plate and corpus bursae, ventral view. C) Calycopis type species, cecrops. D) CalystryTlUl ! Kurt Johnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 36 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 Description. Male. Upper surface of wings. ground ing brands includes not only darker coloration but ap- light brown, apical area of discal cell notably darker parent modification of the scales. Diagnostic characters from about 2 mm. basad cross vein of discal cell (Table I. Appendix)- shared with Tergissima vis-a-vis along celYs cross vein. Under surface of wings: as Calycopis andCalystryma, 11, 16, 22, 29, 30; unique to Fem- described for genus but With very thin red cOlora niterga, 3, 12, 19, 36, 37, 38. tion along the tripartite median line and from basal the anal lobe to cell CuAl only. M3 element of tri Desci iption. Adult. Antennae fuscous, finely striped, partite line reduced. Length of forewing. 10.0 mm. :it~ c1u1:Lb~bro~ with o~ng~ termin~s ~ng: iouone=ha ato~rewmg ase oapex;;a WI (holotype), 10.5-11.5 mm. (X = 11.2) (paratypes). frons black brown, eyes outlined white; thorax fuscous, Female. Upper surface of vvings: as on males but with gray to black-brown hairs distad, sometime dusted without brand on forewings. Under surface of iridescent blue, abdomen fuscous dorsad, whitish "en- wings. as On males. Length of forewing 11.0, 12.0 trad midline with scattered iridescent blue powdering mm (paratypes) adjacent hindwings. Male Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig~ 3Cc, Male. Upper surface of vvings: ground color variously As characteristic of genus but distinctive from T. Sc. blue and brown- either washed with blue or silvery mosconiensis as detailed above and in Table I and the blue over one or both wings 01 with entire 01 sec- Appendix. tion of either or both wings bright silvery blue. Api- Female Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. cal area of dlscal cell With usually Circular darkened 4E. As typical of the genusbutdiffering from T. mos- area of apparently modified hairy scales resembling coniensis as detailed ir I Diagrlosis arid Table I alld llie sexual brand. Submarginal black dot(s) in cell CuAI Appendix. 01 here and basad the anal lobe; shOlter and longer Types. Holotype, male, (Fig. lEF), Tartagal, Salta Pro- tails at tennini of veins CuAl and CuA2, respec vince, Argentina, 31 May 1982, B. MacPherson, tively TInder surface of me Wings' gronnd color, deposited AMNH. Paratypes. AMNH: one female- same both wings, brown, sometimes with buff or yellow data as holotype; CMNH: two males- Rio Surutu, E. cast; forewing with darkpostmedian line from costa Bolivia, April 1915, J Steinbach BMNH- three males- to "ein CuA2 or aclOss entire wing, edged whitish Buenavista, Bolivia, May 1915, J. Steinbach. IML: one basad. Hindwing with tripartite median line, white male, one female Santa Cruz, Bolivia, no other data. distad, black centtad, red-orange basad fWm costa to anal margin, continuous but with M3 element Distribution. Presently known from Salta Province, broken obliquely from rest of line costad with "w" Argentina and northward into eastern Bolivia shaped configuration; Sc I R1 element thickly edged and displaced distad median line. Limbal Remarks. I have included the CMNH, IML and BMNII specimens as paratypes because of the small area vaguely orange-red in cells 2A. and MS. bluish in CuA2; orange Thecla-spot in cell CuAl with or number of soecimens in the Ar~entine sample and be cause morphologtcal features ofthe BoliVian speamens Without black dot centtad depending on me spe- differ negligibly from those of the primary types cies. Female. Upper surface of the wings. forewing lacking etymology. This species is named for tile Re\'. Bmce evidence ofhrand: wing ground color with more ex- MacPherson. tensive blue than males- either more washed with blue, or with more extensive fully blue areas de Femniterga, pending on the species. new genus Male Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. Figures 2; 30G; 4ABGH; 50 3D,G. Characterized by the structures detailed in the above Dia:osis and as noted under each sub- Diagnosis. As detailed in the Ippendix for the char acters listed below, contrasted to Tergissima, Femniterga taxa are variously blue-colored on the wing upper sur- faces, not brown, and otherwise distinct in male and 4A,B. Eighth tergite with specialized subcordate in female genitalic characters and modification of the cised posterior ca"ity (Fig. 4 A,B) appearing as eighth tergite to a sclerotized subcordate incised oste- heavily sclerotized covering encompassing entire rior cavity in females and males. Also, in Femniterga a era areas om orsum I. ", ra males the presence of distinct fmewing patclles suggest- to lamellae of genital plate (Fig 4 Ad, Bd) Depend- Kurt Jolmson: Tergissima and Fem1'literga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 37 . ·":il!:. ~ ....:. ,'.- .":. ~~:: .(: .\,- ~{:Y; ;...~,. :f~~ y..;:- 't,;," ":"// rf \. \""'.'.. , j ~:'.:.::. ",' .' ~l.. 'r.... " --.t,:':'::.~ --...w.f,~ A ~l~~¥ B;//::\H~ l· ...... ::;':. t:...... f!t.;~ ...... ,::.... i~~-:': '., ~ . ;:~..:. ; '" i~:.:·':::;;1"~ ld: .. :;:~ : '" ...;...._:...., ..., ... :.:-~ ~~::.::' 8 Figure 5. Male genitalia of other Tergissil1UJ and Femniterga species and male and female genitalia of sympatric Thecla au- tocrea. A-B. T. autoctea (Pinchanal, Salta PlOvince, Argentu,a, AMNH). A) Male genitalia. a. genitalia, venbal view, aedeagus removed; b. uncus, dorsal view; c. genitalia, lateral view, aedeagus removed; d. aedeagus, lateral view. B) Female genitalia: genital plate and corpus bursae, ventral view. C-D. Male genitalia, Tergissima macphersoni, holotype, and Femniterga judae, par atype, lespecmely. Fomlat. same as Figule 3. Kurt Johnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 38 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 ing on the species, lateral areas of the incised ca\' it» to darkened patches on the forewings of Fel1lllitcl'ga and are either completely fused along the dorsum (Fig. Tergissima (above and Appendix) follows from discus 4B) or fused dorsa-caudad by spiny bair- tufts (Fig sions witb Jobn Eliot Tbe variety of sexual brands in 4A). Lateral wall of cavity variously sculptured with male Eumaeini is vast and it is difficult to link all such ventro caudad arm like articulation conjoining "visual brandso with demonstrated pheromonal func juncture of superior and inferior genital plates (Fig. tions (Eliot, 1973). Further, conventional compound mi 4Ad, Bd). A dorso- caudad plate occurs caudad the croscopy, though adequate to distinguish possibly eighth tergite (Fig. 4Ab. Bb) and variously covers the modified scales. cannot alone confirm pheromonal ac- papillae anales (Fig. 4Ac, B.c.) dependingon the spe- tivity. Only scanning electron microscopy can clearly cies Female genitalia (Fig 'lG,H) have short ductus distinguish modified scale types and these mayor may bursae, angled sharply toward dorsum of incised not involve pheromone production (Eliot, 1973). The ap- posterior cavity and diminutively sclerotized in one pearance of"brands" inTergissima and femniterga, "'mile species. Lamella post\'aginalis large, equallingorex- a noticeable trait, is not as emphatic as in many other ceeding half the ductal length in their length and Eumaeini. Thus, though the darkened patches deserve width. Lamella antevaginalis diminutive to lacking. mention. it cannot be assumed at this time that the Corpus bursae round with its diameter hardly ex patches are androconial in nature. Apparent modifica ceeding expanse of lamellae; two variously cross tion of scales appears, however, in fgmnitgrga shaped signa occur laterad on the bursae. In the presentstudy, all type material ofFemniterga was studied and dissected, along with material listed in Type Species. Femniterga notacastanea new species the generic description of Tergissima. and in Johnson. Distribution. Presentl~ com~rised of two s~ecies sr-- MacPherson and Ingraham (1986). In addition, a long patrie in northwestemrgen;na (Salta, luj)' and u series of one species of fgmnitcrga was studied at the cuman provinces). 500-1700m. altitude with one species CMNH but only a representative sample dissected. dlstnbuted further north to the Rio Sumtu regIOn of EtymOlogy. The Latin name combines the roots "ter- eastern Bolivia gum" (n.) and "femm" as modlfred from 'femlm" (refer Remarks. Hitherto in the literatme, specialized ring to female) and refers to the unique development of sclerotizations of the eighth tergite in female Eumaeini the female's eighth tergite characteristic of the genus. It bave not been noted Specialization of tbe eighth tergite is considered feminine. inFemniterga should notbeconfused with the occasional slightlY sc1erotized junctions sometimes occurring be- Eemn1terga notacastanea; tween the lamella postvaginalis and eighth tergite in new species various Eumaeini taxa. I reported this condition in Mi Figures 2A-D; 3DG; 4A,G. totl/a siva Edwards (Eumaeini; Callophryina) Oolmson, Diagnosis. The present diagnosis serves as a basis for 1978) and onespecies ofCalycopis beingdescribed by me, Eisele and MacPherson (1988, in press) sbows this :mreViating that of ~e s~;hs~1~entJldeS~?h~ sp;ci~ development. This modification is not a subcordate in cised cavitybut only a localized strengtheningof the ter ~ified b~ gite as it conjoins the postvaginallameHa. Because of the blue coloration a thick overcast of blue over the hindwings at lea;basad on the forewing while uniqueness of the eighth abdominal morphology in d Eemniterga it seems doubtful that Field saw any speci- mens representing it. As a result, if more species of Fem- males. On the upper surface F. notacastanea has a single niterga are to be discovered these may be of more emphatic black marginal dot at cell CuA1 on the hindw southern Neotropical distribution. I have a male and female from two southern Argentine localities which ing; faintly but very noticeable bordered basad with an . .. oran .sh cast a arentl resultin from the bri ht since consultation with Robert C. Eisele and staff of the Institute Miguel I iIIo (Tucuman) indicates mat efforts will be made in the future to gather extensive samples of southern Argentine butterflies. The assignment of the above mentioned male and female should wait for this quite similar specimens. F. and F. differ significantly in additional information. notacaslanea jadae genitalia and in structure of the eighth tergite's incised My qualified usage of the term ubrand" in regard KUrt Johnson' Tergissima and Femuiterga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 39 posterior cavity. In F. nOfflcasffllletl the walls of the cavity vince, Robert Eisele, 24 ,A..priI 1984 (one female), (2 km. are separated dorsad and the lateral wall is uniformly W), 10 May 1979 (one male), (3 km. NW), 550 m., 24 April wide. In F. judae. the dorsum in fused and there is a ven- 1979 (one male). 26 April 1973 (one male). 15 May 1972 tro-cephalic protrusion on the lateral wall. In female (onefemale); Cornejo, Salta Province,2June1986, Robert genitalia, F IlQtacastanca has a diminutive tapered duc- Eisele (one male); Iartagal, Salta Province, 20 May 1986; tus and very large posterior lamellae. The lamellae ap Robert Eisele (one female); Tartagal (2 km. NW) 550 m., pear as two very large, terminally-spined "spade 30 April 1979, Robert Eisele (one female); Saladillo (5 km. shaped" shields. F. judae has very square lamellae. fused W). Salta Province. 600 m.. Robert Eisele. 25 May 1979 centrad with a heavily sclerotized and rectangular duc- (two females), 23 April 1979 (one female); Mosconi, Salta tus pointing perpendicularlY cephalad. Pro'1inc~ Robert Eisel~ 26 July1977 (one female), 12 June Description. Male. Upper sJlfface of wing' ground 1976 (one male); Mision Chaquena, Salta Province,4July color brown, washed WIth mdescent blue; foreWIng 1974, Robert Eisele (one female); AME: Tartagal, Salta sometimes completely bro¥m but vaguelY bluish PIOvince, 500 IlL., 16 June 1980, Bruce MacPherson (one basad. Lar~e ;uariShdark{'tch distad in discal cell male). IML: EI Fuerte, Jujuy Province, 1700 m., 2 January 1968, B Garcia (one male): EamailJa, TUOIman Province. May1947, B. Garcia (one male); Tucuman,Tucuman Pro vince, K. Hayward; no other data (one female) Addi- CuA2, respectively Black marginal spot in cell tional specimens (see below). CuA1, .usually with noticeable orangish-chestnut. of genus; ground more brown than yellowish- brown. Limbal area with black-centered orange Thecla-spot in cell CuA1 and with orange in cell in- terspace costad to cell M3. Length of foreWIng: 11.0 Aemar ks. There is a seties of 13 females of F. flola 12 5 mm , (5<0£ 5 paratypes, AMNH, ll'IilL, 11 5 mm ) castanea at the CMNH as follows' three females. Prer Female. U er surface of win s: ound color brown vince del Sara, Bolivia, 450 m., J. Steinbach; ten females, w s e WI iri escen ue; rewing usu y , . washed bb Ie basad, hindwing llsllally not as bb Ie as associated with these, though it is possible these might in males. No visual brand on forewing. Otherwise have been placed elsewhere in the coHection through i n of nd termined material b H. K. Clench. In Len~th of forewin~: 11.5 mm. ~olo~pe~ 11.0-11.5 a 1 Ion ere are 0 IVIan speCImens a : an a IIInr.(X of six feIlla es, AMNH,MN ~l .8 nun.). ( 'ro.,;, Bolivia, no other data (one male), EI Ddnal, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 28 January 1962, R. Golbach (one female). Male Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia Fig. ,hJI type material v.'as dissected along ""ith a repre 3D,G. As typical of the genus (see Diagnosis above), sam~le summarized as follows, uncus produced ventrad sentative of the above-mentioned 13 females (Fig. 3Ga,c); saccus slightly protruding and para bolic: vinculum laterad not greatly angled, brush or- gans tightly packed, attached along dorsal rim (Fig Latin for "chestnut: and"nota", prefix meaning markor 3G, line/carut); valvae separated except at base, WIth slash. It refers to the chestnut-orange coloration basad pronounced cephalad ovate rim and tapered ter the black spot in cell CoAl of the hindwing which mini (Fig. 3Gb); aedeagus long, length equaling or readily distinguishes the species. exceeding edge of labides (Fig. 3GdG). Female Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia. Fig. Femniferga judae, 4A,G. As characterized in detail in generic descrip new species tion and Diagnosis above. Figures 2E-H; 4B,H; 5D Types Holotype,female (Fig. 2CD), LagunaLas Casas, Diagnosis. From F. l1otaCtlstal1et1, F. judae is distinctive Salta Province, Argentina, dense wet woods, 3 Septem as follows. F. judae has brilliant silverbluepatches on the ber 1979, B. MacPherson deposited AMNH. Paratypes. hindwing upper surface, encompassing the entire AMNH: same data as hoJotype (one male [Fig. ZAB]); hindwing in females and the area from vein CuA1 to the Cucho, Salta Province, Argentina, 15 December 1977, B. anal marg10 10 males. In both sexes, F. Judae has two MacPherson (one male, one female); Pichanal, Salta Pro- marginal black dots, one at ceIl euA! and one basad the Kurt Johnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 40 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 anal lobe. E\'idence of a male forewing brand is less em- diameter hardly exceeding half the ductus length phatic in F. judae. In F. judae females there is a fused dor and with two spine-like comuti, each crossed by sum on the subcordate incised posterior cavity and a arc-shaped dendritic-edged sclerotizations. cephalad directed process on its lateral walls. Female Types. Holotype, female; paratype, male Mosconi, genitalia of F. judae have far smaller lamellae and a Salta Province, Argentina, d;;wooded habitat, 500-1000 strongly sderotized ductus prominently located per m., 9 June 1975, RMacPhet n, deposited AMNI I. pendicular to the genital plates. Desoription. Male. Upper surface of 'mngs: Forewing Etymology Ihis species is named for Judith L Kun- dark brown, with dark compact spot of less than 1 reuther. mm. just basad cross-vein of discal cell suggesting brand Hindwing dark brown from costa to vein Literature Cited CllAI, then brIlhant SlIvery blue to anal marg1O. Bndges, C. A. Black spots marginad at cell ellA} and basad the 1986. [COpytight date fOl computet base]. Notes on anal lobe. Short and long tails at termini of veins the species-group names and bibliography CuAl and CuA2, tespecti\'ely. Under surface of of the Eumae10l (LepIdoptera: Lycaemdae). wings: Ground color brown, white- bordered dark Repeatedly updated computer printout pro- postmedian line on forewing, costa to vein CuA2. vided by author. Hindwing with tripartite median line, broken 00- Clench, H. K. liquely at cell Ml, "W"-shaped at cells CuAl and CuMwithblack centered orange Theda spot in cell 1955. Revised classification of the buttetfly family Lycaenidae and its allies. Ann. Car. Mus., vol. CuAl and sUbmar~naloran~e extendin~costad to ceU M3. Length of orewing.l.5 mm., pratype. 33, pp 261-274, 1fig u Female. Upper Surface of 'mngs: Vlithout visual brand 1961. "Lycaenidae in Ehrlich and Ehrlich. How to on forewing; forewing dusted brightly silvery blue know the butterflies. Dubuque, Iowa, Wm. along basad vein of discal cell. Hindwing C. Brown Compo Publ 62 pp , 525 figs completelybrilliant silvery blue with black marginal Draudt,M. spots at cell CllAI and at base of anal lobe. Under 1919. Thecla, pp. 794-811 in Seitz, A. Macro surface of wings: as on male but with Theda spot lepidoptera of the World. Stuttgart, Alfred completely orange and marginal orange extending Kernen Verlag. Vol. 5, pp. 593-1139, Vol. 5 costad to cell Ml as a distinct matginal tine. Length [Plates]. pIs 1-194 of forewing: 12.0 mm. (holotype). Eliot,}. N. Male Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia: Fig. 3Dc, 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae 50. Posterior incised cavity as typical of genus a (Lepidoptera) a tentative arrangement. Bull. cept a second notchlike opening laterad. Genitalia Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. 28, pp. 373-505, 164 with uncus extremely produced ventIad; brush 01- figs., 6 pis. gans short and compact, located caudad along the vinculum opposite the base of the falces Ventrad Fie1d,W 0 area of vinculum wide, saccus not protruding 1967a. Preliminary revision of butterflies of the Valvae ventrad elongate and elliptical 10 shape. genus Calycopis Scudder (Lycaenidae. Aedeagus short, barely exceeding 1.5 times length ~~~l~a;~.~~ ~~; Nat MilS, vol 11~ no from saccus tip to uncus terminus; single pointed camutus terminad. 196715 Butterflies of the new genus Catystryma (Ly- Female Abdominal Morphology and Genitalia: Fig. caenidae: Theclinae, Strymonini). Proc. U.S. 4B,H. As typical of genusbutwith dorsum ofincised Nat. Mus., vol. 123, no. 3611, 31 pp., 45 figs. posterior cavity (Fig. 48) fused and lateral wall with Johnson, K ventro-cephalad directed protrusion. Genitalia (Fig. 1976. Three newNearctic s~ecies of Call:h~S ~Mi- 4H) with heavily sclerotiied ductus, angled quite toura) with a diagno~s [sic] of a ~a ctic obliquely toward the dorsum of the posterior in- consubgeners Bull Allyn Mus, vol 38, 30 cised ca\'ity and capped terntinad with \'ery square pp., 17 figs. shaped lamella postvaginalis slightly spined along 1978. SpeCIfIcity, geographic distribution and the terminal edge. Lamella antevaginalis present foodplant diversity in four Ca110phrys (Mit- onry as slight lip; corpus bursae small and round, Kurt Johnson: Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 41 T• T/" .. , ~,. (L~caenidae). III III toura) J. Lepid. Soc., vol. 32, pp. ....Q) ....Q) ~ ...... : ~ ..: Ul ~ Ul ~ 1986. A new genus and species of Eumaeini (Lv- ; H ~ H ~ ; H ~ H ~ p. l>: Ul ~ p. l>: Ul ~ rrom • vuu. ~ 8 Ul ~ ~ ~ ~ f;; ~ ~ .. 12. Male with apex of fore\>ving discal cell darkened 15. Eighth tergite with sclerotized subcordate poste- and with compound microscopy suggestingscale rior cavity extending from beneath dorsum of seventh segment to moderately incised terminus Kurt Joftnson:Tergissima and Femniterga Pages 28-42 42 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 1, March 1988 and extending lateraHr dorsad to spiracles; a few than above (20)) with consequentlateral configu taxa with "innervative opening" (used here and ration showing labides angled nearly or only hereafter to refer to holes or notches in incised slightly less than lSOO. saccus usually between cavity near spiracles which allow their opening 135° and (often approaching) 180°, to line of vin bnt may also have other functions for anatomi- culum. cal attachment within and '1iithout sclerotized 22 Uncus produced dorsad (Fig 3H, 5C) wall of cavity) at juncture of specialized tergite 23. Uncus produced centrad (Field, 1967b, Figs. with spiracle of eighth segment (Fig. 38)." 4,7,8,9)... 16. E~hth tergite with sclerotized subcordate ~oste- Ii cavitrextelldillg from beneath dOts Ul of 24. Uncus not produced (Field, 1%7a, Figs 4-9)" sixth segment to extremely incised terminus and 25 Valvae fused basad for more than one-half of extendmg laterally ventrad beyond spiracles their lengths from base to termmus (FIeld, 1%7a, with one innervative opening at juncture of Figs. 1-9)." specialized tergite with spiracles of eighth seg- 26 Valvae joined only basad above the juncture ment. No caudal process protruding from abdo wlfh vmcular- saccal projection (Field, 1967b, men (Fig. 3D). Figs 1-12)" 17. (a) Eighth tergite with sclerotized subcordate 27. Aedeagus long (usually exceeding 2x terminal posterior cavity extending from beneath dorsum expanse of vmcular arc) and With pomted ter of sixth segment to extremely incised terminus minus (Field, 1967a, Figs 1- 19) (Fig 3E,G)." 28. Aedeagus short (usually much less than 2x termi nal expanse ofvinal1ar arc) and Without pointed terminus (Field, 1967b, Figs. 1-12) (Fig. 3F)." 29. Cephalad areas of vincular arc acutely angled (b) [T. mosconiensis only] caudal process protrud- laterad (Fig 4H; 5C,D) mg termmad trom abdomen; cavity recurvmg within ninth stemite (Fig. 3C). 30 ~~cc~ dimi~g,ye to almost completely absent Female 18. Eighth tergtte unspeClalized (Field, 1967a, Ftg.26; 1967b, Figs. 13, 17, 22)." 31. Lacking developed genital plate; instead with only slightly sclerotized flaps caudad ductus F.i~th sderoti~~d S~bcor~ate 19 tergite wit? io- bursae (Fig 4E,F) 32. Genital plates developed as two parallel and ventrad (Fig. 4A,B). variously spiny plates (Field, 1%7a, Figs. 22-34; 1967b, Figs 13-23) (Fig 4c,n,G) .. Characters of the Genitalia: 33. Ductus bursae occurring as simple tube of mod Male erate to extensive length (Fig. 4E.F). 20. Genitalia of Type 1 ("bulldog" type Se1lSIt Eliot 34. Corpus bursae vvith large, platelike, signa (Field, (1973) [characteristic of Thecla autoclea and 1967a, Figs. 22-34; 1967b, Figs. 13-23) (Fig. 4C,D). various other Eumaeini] (Fig. SA); with ventral 35. Corpus bursae 'Nithout signa or with signa as ellipsoidal expanse of vinculum wide (a much onl va el develo ed sines i. 4E,F . than below 21]) with conse uent lateral confi ration showing labides angled far less than 180° (circa 135°), saccus far less than 180" (circa 135"). to line of vinculum. 21. Genitalia ofType 2 ("greyhound" type senSu Eliot (1973) [characteristic of Calystryma, Calycopis and vanous other Eumaeml (Fig. 3E,F)]: With ventral 38. ellipsoidal expanse of vinculum narrow (a much more elliptical and less circular configuration Kurt Johnson: Tergissimu and F€mniterga Pages 28-42