DOCSLIB.ORG

Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 Pm Page I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 Pm Page I Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page i Taenia solium Cysticercosis From Basic to Clinical Science Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page ii Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page iii Taenia solium Cysticercosis From Basic to Clinical Science Edited by Gagandeep Singh Dayanand Medical College & Hospital Ludhiana Punjab, India and Sudesh Prabhakar Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India CABI Publishing Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page iv CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 10 E 40th Street Wallingford Suite 3203 Oxon OX10 8DE New York, NY 10016 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 212 481 7018 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 212 686 7993 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cabi-publishing.org © CAB International 2002. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Singh, G. (Gagandeep) Taenia solium cysticercosis : from basic to clinical science / edited by G. Singh and S. Prabhakar. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-85199-628-0 1. Cysticercosis. 2. Taenia. I. Prabhakar, S. (Sudesh) II. Title. RC136.7 .S545 2002 616.9’64--dc21 2002001332 ISBN 0 85199 628 0 Typeset in Palatino by Columns Design Ltd, Reading, UK Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and Kings Lynn. Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page v Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Abbreviations xiv SECTION I TAENIA SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS: BASIC SCIENCE 1. Taenia solium: Basic Biology and Transmission 1 Zbigniew S. Pawlowski 2. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: New and Revisited Immunological Aspects 15 Ana Flisser, Dolores Correa and Carlton A.W. Evans 3. Molecular Determinants of Host–Parasite Interactions: Focus on Parasite 25 José L. Molinari and Patricia Tato 4. Animal Models of Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Role in Understanding Host–Parasite Interactions 35 Astrid E. Cardona and Judy M. Teale 5. Mitochondrial DNA of Taenia solium: From Basic to Applied Science 47 Akira Ito, Minoru Nakao, Munehiro Okamoto, Yasuhito Sako and Hiroshi Yamasaki 6. Hereditary Factors in Neurocysticercosis with Emphasis on Single, Small, Enhancing CT Lesions 57 Vasantha Padma, Satish Jain, Achal Srivastava, Manjari Tripathi and Mahesh C. Maheshwari SECTION II EPIDEMIOLOGY 7. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: an Overview of Global Distribution and Transmission 63 Peter M. Schantz 8. What Have We Learnt From Epidemiological Studies of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Peru? 75 Hector H. García, Robert H. Gilman, Armando E. Gonzalez, Manuela Verastegui, Victor C.W. Tsang and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru v Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page vi vi Contents 9. Epidemiology of Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Mexico 83 Elsa Sarti 10. Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Central America 91 José Garcia-Noval, Ana L. Sanchez and James C. Allan 11. Neurocysticercosis in Brazil: Epidemiological Aspects 101 Svetlana Agapejev 12. Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Asia 111 Gagandeep Singh, Sudesh Prabhakar, Akira Ito, Seung Yull Cho and Dong-Chuan Qiu 13. Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Africa 129 Michel Druet-Cabanac, Bienvenue Ramanankandrasana, Sylvie Bisser, Louis Dongmo, Gilbert Avodé, Léopold Nzisabira, Michel Dumas and Pierre-Marie Preux 14. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: the Special Case of the United States 139 Wayne X. Shandera, Peter M. Schantz and A. Clinton White Jr 15. Porcine Cysticercosis 145 Armando E. Gonzalez, Patricia P. Wilkins and Teresa Lopez 16. Taenia solium: A Historical Note 157 Noshir H. Wadia and Gagandeep Singh SECTION III TAENIA SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS 17. Neurocysticercosis: an Overview of Clinical Presentations 169 Sudesh Prabhakar and Gagandeep Singh 18. Meningeal Cysticercosis 177 Oscar H. Del Brutto 19. Heavy Multilesional Cysticercotic Syndromes 189 Oscar H. Del Brutto, Hector H. García and Sudesh Prabhakar 20. Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis 199 Albert C. Cuetter and Russell J. Andrews 21. Neurocysticercosis and Epilepsy 211 Arturo Carpio and W. Allen Hauser 22. Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Neurocysticercosis 221 Fernando Barinagarrementeria and Carlos Cantú 23. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Uncommon Manifestations 229 Gagandeep Singh and Indermohan S. Sawhney 24. The Story Behind Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma 241 Vedantam Rajshekhar 25. Seizures Due to Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma 251 J.M.K. Murthy 26. Paediatric Neurocysticercosis 257 Sudesh Prabhakar and Gagandeep Singh 27. Psychiatric Manifestations of Neurocysticercosis 263 Orestes V. Forlenza 28. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Ophthalmic Aspects 269 Atul Kumar and Namrata Sharma Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page vii Contents vii 29. Neurocysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment in Special Situations 281 Ravindra K. Garg and Alok M. Kar SECTION IV CYSTICERCOSIS: PATHOLOGY 30. The Pathology of Neurocysticercosis 289 Alfonso Escobar and Karen M. Weidenheim 31. Single Small Enhancing Computed Tomography Lesions – Pathological Correlates 307 Geeta Chacko SECTION V NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS: INVESTIGATIONAL ASPECTS 32. Imaging and Spectroscopy of Neurocysticercosis 311 Deepshikha Sharda, Sanjeev Chawla and Rakesh K. Gupta 33. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Immunodiagnosis of Neurocysticercosis and Taeniasis 329 Patricia P. Wilkins, Marianna Wilson, James C. Allan and Victor C.W. Tsang 34. Antigen-based Immunoassays in the Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis 343 Dolores Correa, Raquel Tapia-Romero, Antonio Meza-Lucas and Olga Mata-Ruiz 35. Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis 351 Taru Meri and Seppo Meri 36. Immunodiagnosis in Solitary Cysticercus Granulomas 359 Anna Oomen SECTION VI TAENIASIS–CYSTICERCOSIS: THERAPY AND PREVENTION 37. Pharmacology of Anticysticercal Therapy 363 Helgi Jung and Dinora F. González-Esquivel 38. Controversies in the Drug Treatment of Neurocysticercosis 375 Bhim S. Singhal and Rodrigo A. Salinas 39. Neurocysticercosis: Neurosurgical Perspective 387 Bhawani S. Sharma and P. Sarat Chandra 40. Endoscopic Management of Intraventricular Cysticercosis 399 Marvin Bergsneider and Jaime H. Nieto 41. Control of Taenia solium with Emphasis on Treatment of Taeniasis 411 James C. Allan, Philip S. Craig and Zbigniew S. Pawlowski 42. Taenia solium Vaccination: Present Status and Future Prospects 421 Carlton A.W. Evans 43. Control of Taenia solium with Porcine Chemotherapy 431 Armando E. Gonzalez 44. Use of a Simulation Model to Evaluate Control Programmes against Taenia solium Cysticercosis 437 Armando E. Gonzalez, Robert H. Gilman, Hector H. García and Teresa Lopez Index 449 Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page viii Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page ix Contributors Svetlana Agapejev, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, PO Box 540, School of Medicine, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. James C. Allan, Pfizer Global Research and Development – Veterinary Medicine Clinical Development, Pfizer Ltd, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, UK. Russell J. Andrews, Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA. Gilbert Avodé, School of Medicine, Cotonou, Benin. Fernando Barinagarrementeria, Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, ‘Salvador Zubiran’, México City, México. Marvin Bergsneider, Division of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. Sylvie Bisser, Institut d’Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale, EA 3174 (Neuroparasitologie et Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale) Faculté de Médecine, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France. Carlos Cantú, Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirgia ‘Manuel Velasco Suarez’, México City, México. Astrid E. Cardona, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. Arturo Carpio, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, School of Medicine, University of Cuenca, Ecuador, PO Box 0101-719, Cuenca, Ecuador. Geeta Chacko, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India. P. Sarat Chandra, Department of Neurosurgery, CN Center, Room 720, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India. Sanjeev Chawla, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seung Yull Cho, Section of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan, Korea. Dolores Correa, Departmento de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (INDRE), Secretaria de Salud, México DF, México. Philip S. Craig, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 5W7, UK. Albert C. Cuetter, Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA. © CAB International 2002. Taenia solium Cysticercosis (eds G. Singh and S. Prabhakar) ix Singh - Prelims 17/9/02 12:00 pm Page x x Contributors
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Papua JOHN BRAITHWAITE, MICHAEL COOKSON, VALERIE BRAITHWAITE and LEAH DUNN1
    2. Papua JOHN BRAITHWAITE, MICHAEL COOKSON, VALERIE BRAITHWAITE AND LEAH DUNN1 Papua is interpreted here as a case with both high risks of escalation to more serious conflict and prospects for harnessing a ‘Papua Land of Peace’ campaign led by the churches. The interaction between the politics of the Freeport mine and the politics of military domination of Papua, and military enrichment through Papua, are crucial to understanding this conflict. Replacing the top- down dynamics of military-political domination with a genuine bottom-up dynamism of village leadership and development is seen as holding the key to realising a Papua that is a ‘land of peace’ (see Widjojo et al. 2008). Papuans have less access to legitimate economic opportunities than any group in Indonesia and have experienced more violence and torture since the late 1960s in projects of the military to block their political aspirations than any other group in Indonesia today. Institutions established with the intent of listening to Papuan voices have in practice been deaf to those voices. Calls for truth and reconciliation are among the pleas that have fallen on deaf ears, which is an acute problem when so many Papuans see Indonesian policy in Papua as genocide. Anomie in the sense of withdrawal of commitment to the Indonesian normative order by citizens, and in the sense of gaming that order by the military, is entrenched in Papua. Background to the conflict Troubled jewels of cultural and biological diversity The island of New Guinea and the smaller islands along its coast are home to nearly 1000 languages (267 on the Indonesian side) and one-sixth of the world’s ethnicities (Ruth-Hefferbower 2002:228).
    [Show full text]
  • Political Reviews • Melanesia 433 Sandra Tarte
    political reviews • melanesia 433 the fap–svt coalition, and this seemed References to be confirmed when in late Decem- FT, Fiji Times. Daily. Suva. ber Adi Kuini Speed announced her resignation as chair of the Fijian Asso- jpsc, Joint Parliamentary Select Commit- ciation Party. Her reasons were prima- tee. 1997. Report of the Joint Parliamen- rily linked to poor health. However, tary Select Committee on the Report of the there were also reports of discord in Fiji Constitution Review Committee. Par- liamentary Paper 17. Suva: Government the party over the ongoing coalition Printer. with the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei. Post, The Daily Post. Suva. After a decade of national pain and Reeves, Paul, Tomasi R Vakatora, and Brij recrimination, there was a certain V Lal. 1996. The Fiji Islands: Towards a irony in the way 1997 ended. A United Future. Report of the Fiji Constitu- spokesman for the Taukei Move- tion Review Commission. Parliamentary ment—the archnationalist Fijian Paper 34. Suva: Government Printer. movement that had strongly backed Reprinted 1997. the coups—called for 1998 to be “a Review. Monthly. Suva. year of reconciliation and the true crossroads where Fijians and Indians leave aside their racial differences.” He also advocated the renewal of land Irian Jaya leases to Indian tenant farmers (Post, The Human Development Index pub- 30 Dec 1997, 2). Meanwhile a poll lished in the Indonesian Central conducted by the Fiji Times found that Bureau of Statistics’ 1996 Social Eco- more Indians preferred Rabuka as nomic National Survey placed Irian prime minister to Reddy or any other Jaya near the bottom of the provincial candidate.
    [Show full text]
  • West Papuan Refugees from Irian Jaya in Papua New Guinea
    � - ---==� 5G04AV �1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111�11 � 3 4067 01802 378 7 � THE UNIVERSilY OF QUEENSLAND Accepted for the award of MR..�f.� �f .. kl:�.. .................. on .P...l .� ...�. ��.��. .. .. ��� � WEST PAPUAN REFUGEES FROM IRIAN JAVA IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Susan Sands Submilted as 11 Research Master of Arts Degree at The University of QIU!ensland 1992 i DECLARATION This thesis represents originalsearc re h undertaken for a Master of Arts Degree at the University of Queensland. The interpretations presented are my own and do not represent the view of any other person except where acknowledged in the text ii. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. David Hyndman, whose concern for the people of the Fourth World encouraged me to continue working on this area of study, and for his suggestion that I undertake fieldwork in the Western Province refugee camps in Papua New Guinea. The University of Queensland supplied funds for airfares between Brisbane, Port Moresby and Kiunga and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees arranged for UN transport in the Western Province. I thank both these institutions for supporting my visit to Papua New Guinea. Over the course of time, officials in both government and non-government institutions change; for this reason I would like to thank the institutions rather than individual persons. Foremost among these are the Department of Provincial Government and the Western Province Provincial Government, the Papua New Guinea Departtnent of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Young Women's Christian Association of Papua New Guinea, the Papua New Guinea Department of Health, the Catholic Church Commission for Justice, Peace and Development, the Montfort Mission (Kiunga and East Awin), the ZOA Medical mission, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Canberra and Port More�by).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction of the Exocelina Ekari-Group with Descriptions of 22 New Species from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 250: 1–76Introduction (2012) of the Exocelina ekari-group with descriptions of 22 new species... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.250.3715 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Introduction of the Exocelina ekari-group with descriptions of 22 new species from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae) Helena V. Shaverdo1,¶, Suriani Surbakti2,‡, Lars Hendrich3,§, Michael Balke4,| 1 Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Biology, Universitas Cendrawasih, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia 3 Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany 4 Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247 Mu- nich, Germany and GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany ¶ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:262CB5BD-F998-4D4B-A4F4-BFA04806A42E ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0D87BE16-CB33-4372-8939-A0EFDCAA3FD3 § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:06907F16-4F27-44BA-953F-513457C85DBF | urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:945480F8-C4E7-41F4-A637-7F43CCF84D40 Corresponding author: Helena V. Shaverdo ([email protected], [email protected]) Academic editor: M. Fikácek | Received 10 August 2012 | Accepted 8 November 2012 | Published 13 December 2012 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC92592B-6861-4FE2-B5E8-81C50154AD2A Citation: Shaverdo HV, Surbakti S, Hendrich L, Balke M (2012) Introduction of the Exocelina ekari-group with descriptions of 22 new species from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae). ZooKeys 250: 1–76. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.250.3715 Abstract The Exocelina ekari-group is here introduced and defined mainly on the basis of a discontinuous outline of the median lobe of the aedeagus. The group is known only from New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea).
    [Show full text]
  • Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Darrell A
    Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Darrell A. Posey and Graham Dutfield INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Ottawa • Cairo • Dakar • Johannesburg • Montevideo • Nairobi • New Delhi • Singapore Published by the International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G 3H9 © International Development Research Centre 1996 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Development Research Centre. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Development Research Centre. Mention of proprietary names does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. IDRC BOOKS endeavours to produce environmentally friendly publications. All paper used is recycled as well as recyclable. All inks and coating are vegetable-based products. Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Who visits communities, what are they seeking, and why? Chapter 2 : What happens to traditional knowledge and resources? Chapter 3: Who benefits from traditional resources? Chapter 4: Will the community be informed? Chapter 5: What right do communities have to say “yes” or “no” to commercialization? Chapter 6: How can a community take legal action? Chapter 7: What are
    [Show full text]
  • Download (2MB)
    Acta Tropica 190 (2019) 273–283 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Tropica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actatropica Towards a cysticercosis-free tropical resort island: A historical overview of T taeniasis/cysticercosis in Bali ⁎ Putu Sutisnaa,b, , I. Nengah Kaptia,b, Toni Wandrac, Nyoman S. Dharmawand, Kadek Swastikab, A.A. Raka Sudewie, Ni Made Susilawathif, I. Made Sudarmajab, Tetsuya Yanagidag, Munehiro Okamotoh, Takahiko Yoshidai, Meritxell Donadeuj, Marshall W. Lightowlersj, ⁎⁎ Akira Itok, a Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia b Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia c Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia d Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia e Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia f Department of Neurology, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia g Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan h Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan i Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan j Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia k Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Key words: Taeniasis and cysticercosis are known to be endemic in several Indonesian islands, although relatively little Taenia solium recent epidemiological data are available. As most Indonesian people are Muslims, taeniasis/cysticercosis caused Taenia saginata by the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, has a restricted presence in non-Muslim societies and is endemic only Taenia asiatica among some Hindu communities on the island of Bali.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Migration on the People of Papua, Indonesia
    The impact of migration on the people of Papua, Indonesia A historical demographic analysis Stuart Upton Department of History and Philosophy University of New South Wales January 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed ………………………………………………. Stuart Upton 2 Acknowledgements I have received a great deal of assistance in this project from my supervisor, Associate-Professor Jean Gelman Taylor, who has been very forgiving of my many failings as a student. I very much appreciate all the detailed, rigorous academic attention she has provided to enable this thesis to be completed. I would also like to thank my second supervisor, Professor David Reeve, who inspired me to start this project, for his wealth of humour and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Yabon, a Symbol for Peace and Freedom in West Papua, by Louise
    YABON-A SYMBOL FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM IN WEST PAPUA Louise Byrne, December 2001 Yabon, the hero of this story, was born in the temperate climate of rural Victoria, bred to be vacuum-packed in a Coles Christmas hamper. He has become, instead, an important symbol for peace and justice in West Papua, for breaking the tension between Jakarta and Jayapura. 1 THE AGE, 27 AUGUST 2001, PHOTO HEATH MISSEN Caption: Walkie-porky: Yabon, pictured in Melbourne’s city centre, is a Very Important Pig right now. It will be his job to head the West Papua delegation to the Yumi Wantaim seminar, coinciding with PNG’s 26th anniversary of independence, which begins on September 15 on the banks of the Maribyrnong. In the highlands of New Guinea, the Bird of Paradise-shaped island on the western rim of Melanesia, men coat themselves in pig fat to keep out the cold, and little girl-mothers grieve when their pets are trussed, ready for market or for sacrifice. Pigs are the centre-piece of religious and social life. Their blood sanctifies land for ceremony, and opens negotiations between families for a marriage. They are financial capital, and if cash is required, perhaps to pay school fees or fund a funeral, a pig will be sold. They underpin the village economy, and are still the most popular form of compensation in the art of Melanesian peace-making. “When our people from the islands meet a family from the highlands, we cook barapen, have a feast. We cook pig—which the mountain people usually eat, and fish—which is more usually the diet of the islanders.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Distribution and Complexity of Gender and Numeral Classifiers Kaius Sinnemäki University of Helsinki
    Chapter 4 On the distribution and complexity of gender and numeral classifiers Kaius Sinnemäki University of Helsinki This paper surveys the occurrence of gender and numeral classifiers inthelan- guages of the world and evaluates statistically whether there is a complexity trade- off between these two linguistic patterns. Complexity is measured as overt coding of the pattern in a language, an approach that has been shown earlier toprovide a reliable first estimate for possible trade-offs between typological variables. The data come from a genealogically and areally stratified sample of 360 languages. The relationship between gender and numeral classifiers in this data was researched by constructing Generalized Linear Mixed Models. According to the results a signifi- cant inverse relationship occurs between the variables independently of genealog- ical affiliation and geographical areas. The distributions are explained functionally by economy, that is, the tendency to avoid using multiple patterns in the same functional domain. Keywords: gender, numeral classifiers, language universals, complexity trade-off, description-based complexity, mixed effects modeling, economy, distinctness, lan- guage contact. 1 Introduction In the past 35 years there has been an increasing amount of cross-linguistic re- search on gender, and more broadly on noun classification (e.g., Dixon 1982; Cor- bett 1991; Aikhenvald 2000; Audring 2009; Kilarski 2013; Di Garbo 2014). How- ever, much of this research has been qualitative and not many researchers have focused on noun classification from a statistical typological perspective. Earlier work on noun classification systems suggested that languages might not have both classifiers and gender as separate categories (e.g., Dixon 1982). Kaius Sinnemäki.
    [Show full text]
  • Anomie and Violence
    Anomie and Violence John Braithwaite, Valerie Braithwaite, Michael Cookson and Leah Dunn Anomie and Violence Non-truth and reconciliation in Indonesian peacebuilding John Braithwaite, Valerie Braithwaite, Michael Cookson and Leah Dunn THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/anomie_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Anomie and violence [electronic resource] : non-truth and reconciliation in Indonesian peacebuilding / John Braithwaite … [et al.] ISBN: 9781921666223 (pbk.) 9781921666230 (pdf) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Conflict management--Indonesia. Peace-building--Indonesia. Social conflict--Indonesia. Political violence--Indonesia. Indonesia--Politics and government--1998- Indonesia--Social conditions--1998- Other Authors/Contributors: Braithwaite, John. Dewey Number: 320.9598 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Cover image: with thanks to Dr John Maxwell Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgments. .vii Advisory.Panel.for.Indonesian.cases.of.Peacebuilding.Compared. ix Glossary. xi Map.of.Indonesian.conflict.provinces. xv 1 ..Healing.a.fractured.transition.to.democracy.. 1 2 ..Papua . 49 . John Braithwaite, Michael Cookson, Valerie Braithwaite and Leah Dunn 3 ..Maluku.and.North.Maluku. 147 John Braithwaite with Leah Dunn 4 ..Central.Sulawesi.
    [Show full text]
  • Ito, Akira ; Nakao, Minoru ; Wandra, Toni Human Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Asia
    Lancet (2003. Dec) 362(9399):1918-1920. Human Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia Ito, Akira ; Nakao, Minoru ; Wandra, Toni Human taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia Akira Ito, Minoru Nakao, Toni Wandra Context Human taeniases caused by the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium and by the beef tapeworm, Taenia saginata are meat-borne parasitic diseases, and require pork and beef contaminated with metacestodes, the larval stage of these parasites, respectively. Taeniasis of T. solium has serious medical or public health problems, since it simultaneously causes cysticercosis, especially neurocysticercosis (NCC), threatening human life through accidental ingestion of eggs released from taeniasis patients. Approximately 70% of human population who has the custom to eat pork is risky for taeniasis/cysticercosis of T. solium. In contrast, taeniasis of T. saginata appears to be more widely distributed and common than T. solium. Over several decades it has been generally noticed that adult taeniid tapeworms expelled from local people in Asia appeared to be T. saginata (so called Asian Taenia), although they ate pork. It is now named Taenia asiatica and has been found from Taiwan, Korea, China, Vietnam and Indonesia, at least. (152 words) 1 Starting point Recent work on taeniasis in Asia indicates a third taeniid species, Taenia asiatica (AL Willingham and others. SE Asian J Trop Med Pub Health 2003; 34 (Suppl 1): 35-50) which is still unfamiliar even for the majority of parasitologists. Phylogenetic analysis of Taenia spp. and historical, ecological and biogeographic analyses by EP Hoberg and others (Proc Roy Soc London (B) 2001; 268: 781-787) has indicated that T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Migration on the Province of Papua, Indonesia
    The impact of migration on the people of Papua, Indonesia A historical demographic analysis Stuart Upton Department of History and Philosophy University of New South Wales January 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed ………………………………………………. Stuart Upton 2 Acknowledgements I have received a great deal of assistance in this project from my supervisor, Associate-Professor Jean Gelman Taylor, who has been very forgiving of my many failings as a student. I very much appreciate all the detailed, rigorous academic attention she has provided to enable this thesis to be completed. I would also like to thank my second supervisor, Professor David Reeve, who inspired me to start this project, for his wealth of humour and encouragement.
    [Show full text]