DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 051 400 VT 013 223

TITLE Career Ladders in Environmental 8ealth (Supplement). INSTITUTION Erie Community Coll., Buffalo, N.Y. SPONS AGENCY New York State Education Dept., Albany. REPORT NO YEA-70-2-386 PUB DATE 70 NOTE 89p.

EDRS PRICE EDRS ME-$0.65 8C-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Career Choice, *Career Landers, Career Planning, Community Colleges, *Course Descriptions, *Curriculum Guides, Educational Objectives, *Environmental Education, Health Occupations Educaticn, Junior Colleges, Post Secondary Education, *Sanitation

ABSTRACT This supplementer) document contains career ladders that have been designed to enable post secondary students to prepare for euLrance into environmental health occupations at a level ccmg.ensurate vith their abilities vhere they vill be capable of meaningful contributions and can obtain advanced standing in cr:ployment. Contents are: (1) Food Sanitation, 12) Environmental Health Seminar I, II,(3) General Sanitation, (4) Milk Sanitation, Ind (5)sanitary Chemistry. These course outlines consist of main topics, numbec of lecture periods, objectives, reference citations dnd other related information. This document is a supplement to "Career Ladders in Environmental Health," 1 previously processed document available as ED 047 097. (GB) Q Supplement to tr. CAREER LADDERS IN

Ell ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

_YEA 70-2-386 ERIE COMMUNITYCOLLEGE Buffalo, N.Y. THIS PROJECT WAS SUPPORTED SY FUNDS

PROVIDED UNDER THE VOCATIONAL-EDUCATIONAL ACT AMENDMENT OF 1S68 (PL 90-576)

US (APAR'. MINI Of Hi ALIN. EC 'JCATiON C) 11 ELFARI OFFICE OF tOUCATICN THIS DUCUU(Nt MRS Is!EN RIPRDC,C0 exAr *iv As RICENID1,: NI IRE REASON OR OPCAN,LATRON OINGINAToNC, Itpolwts oF vIcod OR OPINIONS NiA71 D DO NOt NUE; SARR, REPRISFN7 Of FoCIR,. 0:{ ICI OF !DU CR1,CN ROS,1ON OR POLIO O

If' CZ LLJ

This supplement to the original "Careei Ladders in Environ-

mental Health" contains the course outlines for "Food Sanitation",

"Environmental Health Seminar I, 11", "General Sa;iitation",

"Milk Sanitation", and a revised and expanaed "Sanitary Chemistry".

Mese are to be used to complete the document mailed in the

Fall of 1970.

a

2 A. Course Title: Food Sanitavlon COURSE OUTLINE C.B. Nf.mberCurriculum of ClassName: Periods: ThreeChemical lecture Technology hours, (Environmental three lab hours Science per week Option) for 16 wecks, credit - 4 hours D. Textbook Used: No adequateandoutline.current memoranda, referencetexts experiences,are listsufficiently is appended. slides comprehensive and film strips to cover need allto beaspects utilized. of this Pamphlets, standards, publications, newsletters, personal reports Iastructor may select texts of his An E. Prepared Ey: NormanEnvironmentalchoice. W. Bartz, HealthDVM, Associate Services, Sanitarian, Erie County New Department York State, of HealthTraining Officer F. ofObjectives Course- and Discussion 1. operations.practicesindustries.To instruct and proceduresthe student followed in various in theaspects fcod ofservice the food and andvending beverage This will include the terminology, equipment used 2. N.4..sitshimTo theand provideconversant foodcommissary and industry.sufficient inspections with operations, the exposureusual has theproceduresincluding to pz-erequisite various wholesalein thet-,-,aspects of understanding distribution, ofmajor food segments processing and to of make The ability to exercise authority during plant 2. sanitationTo turningfamiliaritybua.ld uponattention principles withthis plantfamiliarityto willsanitation equipment complement with aspects and operations thoseoperations. of providedf_od of operations.the the trade student by next in Basic 4. thesetoxicTothe teachother occurrences.or thedisease-producingsanitation ways in courses.which :Jementsand to cover of our in normaldetnil dietthe meanscan be of harmful, prevnting 5. To outbreaksquantityinstruct asofthe anillness. students adjunct into methodsknowledge of ofsafe the preparation epidemiology of offood food-borne in The food and beverage service industry rarus fourth in size among all the industries of the nation. 6. eachandTo studyto student p;-ovide various apply practical ordinances, them in working the laws field. experienceand ,odes wit,1regulating these therules food by industryhaving Americans decadescano-Jer,ofspend 78select almostagomillionthe thefromancillary $75 foodmeals a billionvariety shopper areactivities served annuallyof could 7,000 dailyof choose f.Jrtosegments in8,000 food fromthe items.ofand nation'sonly the heverages; 3,000food varied industryitems. consumed types are of both rapidlyfood in and theincreasing beverage home and and establishments.outside. expanding. In to.;ay's supermarkets the Ame.rira An average housewifeTwo More- Sciencecontrolsophisticated optionand quality trade. will besafeguards well equipped need attentionto be employed fromMultiple afn huge these opportunitiesforce areas of cfworkers. responsibility. for transessi:al of illness or other harm -;Ist from the complexities of this Contamination and adulteration rossibilities for these diet items are infinite, and their Graduates of the Environmental Successful completion o op and beverage industries or into governmentalapproachof this units of course theexercising non-profit will prepare jurisdiction regulatory graduates and agencies 'ocontrol fit willadequately overVariations be their explored and operations. ofcomfortably duringthe philosophies lecture into sessions.the of private the profit-making segments cf segmentsthe food of the industry, from the philosophy and This will enable regulation,guaranteestudents tothe understand wholesomeness reasons and whysafety voluntary of our conformancefoodSome supply, control does which progr=snot would occur willpreclude universally be studied the necessity or in sufficiently detail for to government-.l determine often to if they are efficient and adequate, The new Oasis,eraremains of convenienceso fromas to the emphasize foodsfood industry,will the beimpact examined on theof the totalas hamilingpart ecology. ofThe tT.eof trend wastes, changing of thisdischarges, industry instructional patterns.emissions, effort processing will be toand approach packaging the subject on a new basis; a problem oriented LECTURE NUMBER 1 & 2 History of th.? Sonitarian MAIN TOPICS San-ItarianTheChronologue growth and licensingof developmentimportant in Newdates ofYork the and State. professional events in sanitatioa sanitarian history Professional 3 The International Aspect of Food Smitarian Organizations. Professional Journals. 4 Methods of PreservingProduction, Foodstuffs distribution and importance to civilization and economy 1. b.Basica. historical handling of foods PhysicalNatural methods methods of preservation 2. a.Sophisticatedc. food handling of the futureRadiationChemical methodsa6 a means of preservationof preservation 5 Food Processing b. Freeze diying 2.3.1. TypicalStatusCategories ofexamples mechanizationof processing of equipment methods used 6 Food Storage Examples of proper and improper storage slides as visual aids LECTURE NUMBER 7 The Frozen Food Industry - International Implications MAIN TOPICS 1.3.2.Growth of Convenience Foods PortionPre-cookedPre-packaged control 8 Food Microbiology 1. Useful micro-organisms, dete,iorative micro-organisms 9 How Food Can be Harmful2. - See following sheet for typical lecturePathogenic outline. micro-organisms Lectureitselfshownthe bynotesshould may means bevia be presentedof acomplemented antransparency opaqut, to theprojector, with projector.students slides, case in diagrams itsreports, summarized and aad new-the form ....frativegoer by clippings screening How Food Can Be Harmful MAIN TOPICS Poisons PlantChemicals Poisons - Additives- Mushrooms Shellfish Nicotinic acid RawSoybeans Egg - Similar examples - Biotin Industrial or Commercial FlyCrop Sprays Sprays - Cranberries incident Sulfites - DDT Accidental - Fl Spillage LyeCadmiumLeadSalt Crystals from- Binghamton paint Hospital Infestations - Parasites Criminal TapewormsTrichinosis -- Intentional additions InfectionsIntoxications - From contamination- Botulism by- Fishbacteria;Staphylococcus either animal toxins infection or from a human carrier SalmonellaStaphylococcusStreptococcus ShigellaTyphoid Sources in people - Upper Respiratory Ilifections Feces,EponychiumBells, Stools,Acne, - DentalCarbuncles, Discharges Cavities Pimples,from wounds Infected and lesions Means of transfer Droplet ContaminationCoughing, sneezing, nose blowing FecesDirect Transfer handlingVia hands lesions after toilet u-c or Inanimate Objects - Meat Block Proper toilet practices ClothsCooking Utensils work surfaces Intermediate Agents - Flies RatsMic- CockroachesInsects (SalmJnella) Bacterial Growth Requirements OxygenMoistureFood - Temperature pH .o. CC)- Control - Cold, heat, disinfectants, cleansing; by means of thorough Heatcooking treat protect refrigerate - don't contaminate prior Personal Hygiene - Physicalto service Exam TB X-ray, Lesions, Stool Exam, if necessary HandBetween & Arm ExamsCleansing - No food handling, if ill Treat lesions, diarrhea, cavities Disinfectant foot pedal sinks Don'tPlasticScreenAfterClean smoke toilet outGlovesouter flies - clothing-fingernails use tongs, -ladles arms, if exposed head coerings <7477,75V17#7,747:-.77 --="; , 7.'1r swims summ ammow 11=4 mrie arm NEM WIMP RUPP. MINIM Keep out flies, rats, mice, crawling insects (MN visitors;KeepReport outsiders lesions i.e., outjanitors, of kitchen security - all men of them, including nightime delegate employee tj acn-food handling activity ProperReport Kit-chen Illnesses Practices of Customers - Save samples, refrigerate Separate workmeat surfacesblocks (plastic) Separatefc,ods,and equipment coolingcookingsuch as for facilitiesandperishable easilypreparation contaminable -,desserts. defrosting areas Fillinghospitalsc.dtbreakincriminatedExample: became inby whichambulance. contaminated- patients cream pie transported waswhile to W.N.Y. Central Commissary Cause: wascoolingtoiletitst,o route,:av alllocation in room.,,,n;onnel common tcin other commonwater traffic roons, vatco,-ridor 1-,ecausO axnosed including that of LECTURE NUMBER MAIN TOPICS 10 Food-borne Illnesses 1.- Outbreaks and Epidemics Typical examples of outbreakF 11 SupervisoryPrevention ofTraining Food-Borne 2.and ResponsibilityIllness - Food Handler Training Investization of suspected food-borne illnes--2s Owner Reponsioility 12 Basic Components of .1Planning Comprehensive a budget Food Sanitation P supervisionjob descripti.on, and self-inspection assignment, scheduling, gram 1413 SubmissionBasic Requirements and Examination for Location of Plans of afor Food Regulatory Operation Agency Approval 2.1. plans.designersSanitationTraffic and - considerationsfoodnational flow franchisepatterns commonly operations overlooked and improvingby architects standardized and Holiday Inn experience. 15 Efficient Food EstablishmentSmallTypical eating examples: Design and and drinking Lay-Out establishment - movable, portable, fixed equipment 16 Principles ol SanitaryInstitutional Design of Equipment kitchens, including bJkery and special diet section 17 2.1.Principles of Sanitary Construction and FabricationInitialAcceptable pre-use sanitary clean-up materials - design and finish LECTURE NUMBER 18 The Chemistry of Cleaning MAIN TOPICS 3.2.1. MechanicalManualTime, methodstemperature, prey; :.-P and chemical cleaning agent relationship 19 4. Automatic cleaning Food Additives 2.1. MethodsTolerance of approvalstandards 20 The Rest of the Food 2.1.Industry Story - The Necessity to Think SolidDisposalAhead waste of disposaldischarges 21 Insects of Impertance4. in3. Fooj Sanitation Rodent-proofAvoidance of structuresair pollution 2322 Ultra-VioletRodent Infestation Light asand an Rodent Inspection ConLrol Tool 24 Instruction of the ThePre-employmentFoodFood New Handler handler York City physicaland experience periodic examinations LECTURE NUMBER MAIN TOPICS 25 & 26 Agencies Concerned with1. Food Sanitation Governmental regulatory agencies 5.4.3.2. FoodPrivateConsumerEducational grading jidustry oriented agencies program trade agencies associations 28, 29 & 30 The United States Public1. Health Service Food Ordinance and CodeU.S.P.H.S. Food Sanitation Manual 31 The Food and Drug Administration2. The Public Health Service Program 32 The PublicAgriculture Health and Law MarketsHistory, of New LawYorklaw, of State objectives,New York State organization and field programs 33 Enforcement Procedures1. Education and persuasion 5.4.3.2. PublicityHearingsCourtEnforcement action- formal and complianceand informal procedures LE:ATRF NUMBER 34 Inspection Procedures1. The need for records MAIN TOPICS 5.4.3.2. ApproachSupportiveIdentificationScore sheets and materialintroduction - check for lists findingsat establishment 35 "Sanitary Surveys" Typical6. examples - When to utilize The necessity for praise Their usefulness and effectivel.ess a survey approach need for adequacy and integrity 3736 IndustryInstitutional Self-Inspection Inspections1. Programs The New York City experience 38 Summary of Course and2. Review3, Industry'sCan Cley work? responsibility 39 SeminarIndustry Session Attitudes - Question Industry10.garding and representatives AnswerGovernmental Period Sanitation Control - 40 )j The Future of the Food Industry Industry representativesThe Newprocessing from: York State and Restaurantfrozen food Association industry Appropriate time will be,devorcd to quizzes,ConvenienceArea preliminaryfruit andfoods vegetable andand finalportion growers examinations. control and packersprocessors. 1. Inspectional Tools Sampling Equipment LABORATORY 2. Laboratory Tests on Food:FilthpHAdditives Readings Determinations Preservatives Field Tests for ContaminationSwabPathogenicBacterial Testing Countsand Bacteria Spoilage Determinations 4. Field Visit to FoodAgar andChanges FlateDrug inAdministrationDem,,Qtrations Food Due to DeteriorationHeadquarters,Including LLboratcry Floors 5.6. VisitField to VisitApproved to RodentHealth ControlLaboratory headquarters Performing Food and Water Examinations Models and Visual Aids Shown Z.7. Field Visit to aBait Food Preparation Freezing Plant Station 10. 9. Field Visit to a Large Commercial Bakery Visit to a Food Processing Establishment 12.11. Field Visit to aan Beverage Ice Manufacturing Manufacturing Plant Plant 14.13. Field Visit to a HospitalBottled WaterKitchen Plant Utilizing Tray Conveyor 15. Field Visit to an Institutional Cafeteria - E.C.C. 17.16. Field Visit toto thea Quality Geneva ControlExperiment Laboratory Station - New York State Coll,-4;e of Agriculture 19.18. Field Visit to FoodBison Equipment Cheese Company Manufacturing - Food ProcessingPlant Operations 21.20. Field Visit to FlightVending Kitchen Machine at Commissary International and VendingAirport and Dispensing Machine Route 23.22. MockTypicalExcapi; Hearing thatInvestigation for of AllegedHearing andViclotionOfficer Solving of of Food a Mock Regulations; Food-borne Students Outbreak Taking of Illness All Parts -3 C.;1 25.24. Detection,Field Testing Demonstration of Automatic and Dishwashers Field Observation of Rodent and Insect Infestations 2i.26. Make-UpFieldFood Handlers Visit to Demonstrations an Institution. Using rtflizing Ultra- Flight-typeViolet Light Dishwasher and Conveyor-Tray Meal b.mm. mom OEM MOM NM "Use of Chemical AdditivesPublication in 11398Food processing"- National Research Council - Washington 25, D.C. REFERENCES National Academy of Science "Sanitary"Food Ordinance Food Handling" and CodeGovernment of the Printing Public HealthOffice Service"- Washington, D.C. Delmar Publishers - Orange Street and Broadway - Publication #ti-4 AlbanyU. 7, New York S. "Protecting"Sanitary Food Ou_- Service" FoodHouseU. - S.The DocumentGovernment Yearbook #349 ofPrinting Agriculture Office - Washington, D.C. Superintendent of DocumentsPublic Health- Washington, Service D.C.Publication #90 1966" 89th Congress, 2nd Session Superintendent (,f Documents - "Food"Sanitarians - The -1earbook Handbook"PublishingDocuments of - AgricultureTheory Company- Washington,and Administrative -- 1959" 605 BaronneD.C. PracticeStreet -New U. Orleans,S. Printing Louisiana Office - Superintendent of - Ben Freee--n, M.D. - Peerless "Foods""Quantity Food Sanitation"Food Science Longree TX5-537.L6 Vail and Justin - 1967 E.C.C. Library 5th Edition Cornell UniversityHoughton DepartmentMifflin Company,- o7 Dairy Boston, and Massachusetts "Food"The LifelinePoisoning" of America"E.C.C. - Hampe Library & Wittenberg Gail M. Dack, M.D. University uf Chicago Press McGraw-Hill - 1964 - H.D. 9005/.H27 - "The"Municipal Investigation and Rural of Shelbyville,international Sanitation"Foodborne Disease IndianaAssociation Outbreaks" of Milk, - Library Fooe and of EnvironmentalCongress Catalogue Sanitarian:-., 1166-25675 Inc. 46176 Ehlers and Steel - McGraw-Hill Book Company - New York City Box 437 "A Study of State and LocalFood-Drug Food Administrationand Drug Programs" - Public - A reportAdministration to the Commissioner Service - 1965 of the- Chicago, Illinois "Use"Hospital of Chemical Dietary Additives Services"NationalServices Researchin - PublicationFoodA Planning Processing"Council Guide#930-C-11 - Washington - National - Superintendent 25, Academy D.C. of ofSciences Documents Publication - Washington #398 25,- D.C. and Ives - 1966 - Public Health "Environmental"U.S. Public SanitationHealthUniversityWashington Service Handbook" Food25,of MichiganD.C. Ordinance- Irwin -Krasnoff, andAnn Code"Arbor, M.P.H. - MichiganSuperintendent - University of Hospital Documents - 1964- - COURSE OUTLINE B.A. CurriculumCourse Title: Name: ChemicalEnvironmental Technology Health (Environmental Seminar 1, II Health Option) D.C. TextbookNumber of Used:Class -.)eriods: includingChoiceTwotextbook lab of hours atests coversvariety per to allweek beof selectedareas textbooks,for 16adequately. weeksby isthe appended. instructor. 2 credit hoursAn ample reference material list, Texts selected should No current single F. Prepared 3v: EnvironmentalNormanreflect U.the Bartz, philosophy Health UVH, Services, Associateof the course Erie Sanitarian, Countyas developed Department New York by this State,of Healthoutline. Training Officer, F. ofObjectives Course: and Discussion 1. environmentalpictureTJ present as seento field.the through students the aneyes overview of current of the authorities "Man and Hisin theEnvironment" 2. arcco-contributorspollutionphilosophiesTo exposein effect. andfuture ofcontrol, toprivate workers whatever since industry in pollution theboth environmental andthe governmentexistsprivate and andfield leaderswhatever public to the connected sectorscontroi current areprogramswith 3. To fields.control,review the the history instigating of public factors health, and developmentindustrial hygieneof programs and environmentalin these In4. order for prospective environmentalistsTo expansioncontroldetermine, to properly programs of asthe understanda problems.andclass, to measurethe the progress these andagainst accomplishments the role of build-up .and environmental concentratedaffectedtheirthecontemporary historical initiation, by the problemsindetrialization, beginningsmanner the earlytheyin whichof mustepidemics public haveincreasingdeal health developed. with,and howpopulation,movements,their ecological orientation conditionsurbanization, cycles should have provoking exploreandbeen Wherelacking control in areasof environmental where adequate pollution laws exist has beento allow either such delayed control, or reasons mayExamplesreasonatfectingfor elaborate non-cotformance for of theirnon-conformance, onprograms reasons programs, will which for be decision successhaveandexplored. possibleachieved inmaking, meeting needssuccess power programfor willgroups, additional goals,be studiedeconomics factorseffort. in asdetail. a Guest lecturers and seminar participants understandinginofsituationThe illustratingenvironmental seminar and sessions ofafter the theproblems, cause touchingneedwill for startincluding oncorrection allwith healththean assessmentofrcle areas,some which pressing will ofepidemiology ournarrow pollutioncurrent to hasconsiderations environmental situations. played effect relationships necessary to better disease,ablebiologists,Studentsradiological to question willmercury .:onservationists hove contamination, them.contamination opportunity and etc.,toof publichearsurface will the health be waters,expressed referr,A directors solid viewsto wastein as ofthis guests ecologists,disposal, seminar and beseries. Problems of air pollution as related to health and LECTURE NUMBER MAIN TOPICS 2 & 3 1 "CrisisThe Story in ofOur Environmental Environment" Pollution- An awareness lecture sometheThe(Since naturepresentaspects; some and status long expertsextent rangeof ofpollutiondisagree controlthe problem; on ofmethods. specificour present land, conditions airmethods and water.ofand coping issues, with the Exploring similarofstudenr Ifour a "crisis" environmentmistakeswill have does in opportunity from theexist, olderhearing was countriesto itLoth formulate preventable? sides from ofan which theopinion "crisis"our onforefathers the question.) status Could w have observed History of Public HealthThefuture?emigrated? Colonial Period 1600-1790 Can we now benefit from these observations in planning the 65 TheColonialThe Pioneer Pioneer DaysPeriod Period to Plusthe 1790-1861 Twentiethan Elaboration Century of Industrial Hygiene from 87 The ShattuchAakening Reportof Public and Healththe Development in Europe ofand Health its Influence Departments Upon America. 10 9 CommunicableThe Development Disease of Environmental Control and Epidem4ologySanitation During from the CivilNineteenth War to Century the 11 MovementEarlyVariousEnd of Beginnings, intheDisciplines the Nineteenth United Develo:_c.:t of States. CenturyPublic :'ealth and Relation and Preventive to the Total Medicire Public Health Their LECTURE NUMBER 12 Current Public HealthWorldNational Programs Health Institutes Organization of Health, - United etc. Nations, MAIN TOPICS Federal and International. 1413 ResearchState Health and PublicPrograms HealthNational and the Institutes Federal-State of Health, Relationships 3ethesda, - GuestMaryland; Lecturer Private Foundations. 15 SpecializedEnvironmental In-Service ResearchTaftCommunicable TrainingandEngineering Control CoursesDisease ProgramsCenter Center - Cincinnati, Ohio 16 Local Public HealthVarious ProgramsCounty USPHSand City; laboratories their relationship and centers to State ano Federal programs Atlanta, Georgia 1 & 2 The Development of EpidemiologyFirst man byin C.E.A.UnitedSort WinslowStates Throat. toEnvironmental describe a milk-borne Health Seminar outbreak II of Septic 3 Man and Epidemics Winslow'sResearch study into ofWater-borne an epide.aic diseases. of typhoid fever - Newport, Rhode. Island 1900 the evolutio_ of Public Health Programs 54 TheDisposal Problem of of Human Pure Wasr_esWater 67 InsectsA Pure Milkand TheirSupply Roles and itsin DiseaseAssociated Transmission Problems LECTCRE NUMBER 8 Scourges of the Past and Future Challenges MAIN TOPICS 10 9 ThePopulation Great Sanitary Increase Awakening and Its Relation to Environmcntal Pollutior 11 TheStudent-TeacherThe Stateto PublicSet SanitaryDirection Health DialogueCode Councilcf 'Tome to and ofElicit the Future PublicQuestions LecturesHealth Abele Law Environmental of New York StateProblems Critique 12 body.instructor.Contitinn of above, leading to some answer and discussion by the Guest representative from League of Women Toters Summarization and fashioning of major concerns of the student 1413 ofGuestvarious Environmental lecturer fields from Conservation, StateFederal Agency Agency Albany, performing New York Pollution Control Work in Commissioner of New York t,tate Departnient 1516 EnvironmentalPanelGuest Discussionlecturer Control from - members Erie Departments. County of local - Commissioner and regional of offices Health of State and County Panel to include an ecologist and 17 Settingstudentconservationist. questionsprecise goals; (from theSession systems 12) approach,to various systems speakers. analysis, factors To be moderated by an impT.rtial faculty member who refers StateItpubliceffecting is tosuggestedaction be performance guest groups that lecturer an in invitation organizations, at an appropriate be extended community time to duringtheaction Governor theorganizations course. of New York and purposes.,sessions.Guest lecturers will be freely substituted during the conduct of the indivLival Appropriate interruptions will be made for quiz and examination REFERENCES "The ConquestEpidemiology of Epidemics" of HealthCharles - E.C.E.A. A. Winslow" Winslow by Roy A.Acheson - American Journal of Public Vol. 91 No. 1 January 1970 Hafner Publicazions N_w York City 1967 "Public"Man and Health Epidemics"New York City 1955 Its Promise for the Future" C.F.A. Winslow 1952 - Princeton University Press Wilson G. Smilie - The MacMillan Company "Priec4ples"Cure for chaos" of Public - Sim.St. Health Louis, Administration" Missouri - John Hanlon, M.D.,-CC. V. Mosby Company Ramo David McKay Company New York City 1969 "The Public Health NewLaw Yorkof New State York Department State" of Health Chapter 45 , Consolidated Laws of New York. State "Administrative"Pollution RulesScience and Regulations Establishment, and TheInc. Sanitary Code of New York State" - New York in Our Environment" P. O. Box 1712 Filmstrip Series with Audio Casse Rochester, New York 14603 Wards Natural "Organizations"'Public Health -Law" MarchState and SimonDepartment of Health 1967 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York City "Ecolog_cal"Crisis in Ourcrisis" Cities" NationalJames A. TobeyGeographic MagazineLewis Herber Comronwealtb 1965Fund - Prentice Hall, Inc. - Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey December 1970 41 E. 57th Street - New York 22, New York "Precision,"Pollution A Mew7ure Control"ofPrinted Progress" -by 2nd New Edition York State Department of Health Public1968 Relations Staff Department of Air Resources Albany, New York General Motors New York City Detroit, !tichigan 48202 Immo mem MOM nom mum Imam A. Course Title: General Sanitation COURSE OUTLINE C.B. NumberCurriculum of Class Name: Periods: 4ThreeChemical hours lecture Technology hours, (Environmental three laboratory Science hours Option) per week for 16 weeks - credit D. Textbook Used: manualsmajorTextsincluding subjectthat and weretechnicala areasvariety surveyed of publications ofthis textbooks.were course. inadequate may be -in -elected that they from railed this toreference cover all list, A comYnation of texts,An ampleinstructional reference list is attached, F. Prepared By: Normanby the instructor.W. Bartz, DVM, Associate Sanitarian, Training Officer, Environmental F. ofObjectives Course: and Discussion environmentalToHealth expose Services, the ccntrolstudent Erie andtoCounty theto offerbroadnessDepartment instruction of of thn Health existingand orientation civil efforts in the ofmany Controleffectivenessprogramsthe environmental ofnow the employed. oftotal current areasenvironment efforts will better in ourthese understand contemporary fields ofand publicsocietybe able concern. requiresto appraise a multi- the It is thereby intended that prospective workers in beprogramindisciplinary thefeasiblemesure individuality as froman toapproach. entity. attemptseveral that their ofmiEllt the individual sciencesjustify studiedstudy in elsewhere, the semesters and someavailable thus losefor Sone othersMany are segmentsso highly are specialized regulated itby wouldprograms not which draw complete semester of study on each acourseactivities,ofspecialization comprehensivestudy and may presented certai-find in understanding employm,..ntthis ofto curriculum. themthe studentwill opportunitiesof thebe bodyco-joinedtotal in expanse insufficient intothese ofa :;e "Generalenvironmental detailcrate environmentalsoSanitation" as control.to afford However, since graduates of this program HospitalExamples andof theseNursing "separate" Home Inspection programs programs and activities (130% state are foundfunded in programs the Wildlifealone),ControlInsLitutioaalthroughout ControlandPrcgrams theothers. Inspections, state),and (a Conservationone Farmmillion Health Labor dollaractivities, Educationand Migrantannual Programs,Agricultural budg,:tTorker CampprogramMeat Extension Tnspection,:inspection, in Erie Services, County Rodent graduatestraineeship,agencyFurthermore, willfinding beofthe exemptedemploymenta Environmental12-week from Environmentalwith the Sciencethe Sanitary State courseHealth orCode a ofCountyCourserequirement study ofaid is Municipal a planned of145 a dayone-fear sohealth on-the- that Onlyandjobactivities salary orientationafter level.exposure will program; justify to the therebythe broadness granting permitting cf cf already this employment exemption existing at bycivil a statehigher programs officials. title in Inclusion of instruction in these multi-- faceted program neseAppropriatefacetedthe mayfield includecontemporary laboratoryof euthenics field a?proachsessionsvisits will theand towill studentgroupenvironmental complement assignments appreciate thecontrol. classroom toand observe understand lectures. activities the multi- onAstheof eitheratheprivate final many a trainingindustrialsurveillanceworkers effort,in sector.environmental or blockthe students by blockcontrol may canvass conductboth inbasis, athe "Community publicto enlighten as Survey" well them as mayevaluatingorsuggeston helptheit mayvaluedetermine initial beresults ofused a approaches the surveytoobtained needmeasure as for byinan the controldefiningaenvironmental currenteffectiveness activities the control extent control of program.in methodologyof a tool. avirgin potential area; employed program, may by Such survey LECTURE NUMBER MAIN TOPICS 1 .7en.....41itationAssistanceHealth Care Programs Programs Programs - ofMedical a Social Nature - Medical 32 FleoridationPublic Health and Education Dental Health 54 ConservationBio--Statistics Programs and Their Use - Introduction to Survey Methods 76 Vector Diseases and Insect Control 98 RefusePesticides Disposal - Their - Solid Public Waste Health Disposal Importance 1110 TheAccident Physiology Prevention of Carbon and SafetyMonoxide Programs Poisoning 1312 NewHeatingFire York Safety HazardsCity Experiences - Venting and Back Draft Defeats; Piping Inadequacies; 15 TheHousingCross-ConnectionsPlumbing Multiple -Hazards Its Dwelling Impact and onCodeInter-Connections;Submerged Health Inlets. LECTURE NUMBER 16 Current Housing Programs MAIN TOPICS Their Effectiveness and Duplicatic,n of Effort 1817 andRadiological Monitoring; HealthControl - ProgramsThe Basics of Ionizing Radiation Effects of Over-Exposure, Thermal Pollution, Surveying 212019 HospitalIndustrial and NursingHygiene Home- Historical Inspections Background Present Day Programs 2322 TheSwimmingExtended Federal PoolCare Food endFacilities; 5, Baching Drug Administration BeachDay Nurseries Inspection and Its various Programs a t\.4,2 2524 RealtyTemporary Subdivision Residences Control; and Migrant Percolation Labor CampTests Inspection 282726 RecordsRodents and- Their Reports Public Health Significance and Their Control Their Public Health Significance and Their Control Function and Use 3029 MarineStatistics Biology in Environmental Control 3231 AgriculturalMeat and Poultry Extension Sanitation Services and -Inspection From the StatePrograms Agricultural College - From the Fa-cm Bureaus LECTURE NUMBER 33 RaI)ies Control MAIN TOPICS 3534 SanitaryEnvironmental Surveys Laboratory - Further Services Introduction to Survey Methods 3736 NeedExaminationSketching for Accuracy of Plans, Blueprints, Sketches Use of Levels, Map Reading, Use of Blueprints and Plans, The 3938 InstitutionalRefrigeration Inspectionsand Its Many and Applications School Inspections; in the Environment Safety, Sanitation, Adequacy jVco 4140 TheirPrivateApplication Investigation and Publicof Computer Nuisances; Systems Public to Environmental Health Nuisances; Problems Complaints and 42-47 48 FinalThroughoutQuizzes Examination and the Preliminary Lecture Sessions Examinations - Appropriately Placed at Intervals environmentaltakingIt is suggeste_:this course. activity, that a termrequiring paper extra-curricularor report be required reading from and each field student Individual investigation into a single field of studyknowledgevisi:s,completed of ona ofspecialization areport, asubject subject to approved thearea in class, andfuture by sharpen themay courses. instructor,also his be enthusiasm considered. will enlargefor more the detailed students Oral presentation of the 1. General Orientation andExplanation Indoctrination. of proceedings in laboratory sessons. LABORATORY 2. Visit to Computer CenterDiscussionGeneral az planningErieof potential Community for subsequentapplication College laboratory to environmental work. programs. 4.3. VisiLVisit to MarinePublic BiologyLaboratoryToxicology Laboratory Performing Laboratory Environmental Sample Analysis University of Buffalo at Buffalo General Hospi.tal 6.5. ApplicationField Visit of toPhotography Food &Demonstrations Drug to AdministrationEnvironmental ControlLaboratory to Observe Pesticide Testing c, t\D 7. Field Jisit to PrivateInfra-redMethods, Industry equipment, photography Quality uses,Control mistakes, Laboratory court admission as evidence, etc. 9.8. FieldHousing Visit Inspection to Wildlife Refuge or Conservation Area. Field Visit to Observe an On-Going Program 10. OrchardField Visit Park, to New Brie York CountyFieldRadiological surveyCivil Defenseofmonitoring radioactive Headquarters, instruments isotope Chestnut location Ridge and monitoringPark, 12.11. Field Visit to aMonitor Commercial a Local Plant x-Ray Using and Industrial Fluoroscopy X-Ray installation 14.13. IncineratorSanitaryField Visit Landfill Siteto Nuclear Visit-Visit WasteDetection Disposal of rodent and Reclaiming signs, control Facilities procedures. - Springville, New York 16.15. CommunityProgramSubdivision and Survey Control Features. Field Visit to a Regional On-Site Visit to a Subdivision During or District Office to Observe Development. 17. Community Survey Fieldassignments;Selection portion of maps- surveyperformance and identification.goals ofand work. area, objectives, aethodology, planning and 19.18. SummaryReporting, and Tabulation ConclusonsDetermination and and Compilation Final of disposition of of data. Presentation. Data. 21.20. CritiqueLaboratory Session C1,,,an-Up and Examination. "Municipal"Environmental and Sanitation"Rural Sanitation" - Ehlers and Steel Jos. A. Salvato, Jr. REFERENCES Joha Wiley and SonsMcGraw-Hill Book Company - New York City New York City "Water"Sanitarians Supply Handbook and PlumbingPublicPublishing CrossHealth Company Connections Bulletin - b05 #957 Baronne Street - New Orleans, Louisiana Theory and Administrative Practice" U.S. Superintendent of Documents - Washington, D.C. Hazards in Household and Community Systems" Ben Freedman, M.D. - Peerless "Biologic"Control ofFactors Domestic inAdministration DomesticRats and RodentMice" Control" Public Health Service Bulletin #563 - 1969 - Rockville, Maryland Bjornson, Pratt and Littig Robert Z. Brown - Public Health Service - Environmental Control 20852 "Diseases Transmitted1-ublisher fromPublication Animals #773 to Man" - Thomas J. Hull, PhD - 1963 - Charles Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1469 Environmental Control Administration - Rockville, Maryland 20852 "Civil"Control Defense of CommunicableInformationHealth,Association forDiseases Education Food &in Drug &Man" Welfare Officials" - 11th Edition - Lowrie Beacham, Jr. 1740 Broadway Washingto:,New York, D.C.New York 10019 1970 - American Public Health Department of "Standard"Environmental Methods Sanitation forHealth Analysisof Miehigar. AssociationHandbook" of Water,- Ann Arbor,Sewage Michiganand Industrial Wastes" 179 Broadway NewIrwin York Krasnoff, 19, New M.P.H. York Waverly PressUniversity Hospital American Public Baltimore, Maryland University "Control"Manual of of Rats Individual and SuperintendentAlbany,Mice" Water New Supply York of Systems" Documents Joseph A. Salvato Washington, D.C. Public Health Service Publication1969 - New York State Department of Health - 1963 "Hospital"Fluoridation Dietary of PublicServicesPublication.of HealthWater - A Systems"-Planning 19684930-C-11 - -Albany,Guide" Regulations - Superintendent -New Donovan-Ives York and Procedures of -Documents 1966 -- New Public- Washington,York Health State ServiceDepartmentD.C. "Operation"Rodent Born of DiseaseSwimmingDepartment DiseaseControl Pools ControlandThroughof HealthBathing CenterRodent - 3eaches"Albany, -Stoppage" Atlanta, New- Bulletin York-Georgia Scott #27 and - Bcrom1968 - New1968 York - Communicable State 30333 "Water"Public"Environmental Fluoridation: Health HealthLaw" - The Manual"James Search A. - TobeyNewand YorkThe - CommonwealthVictoryState Department " - U.S.Fund ofGovernment- 41li.ealth E. 57th Printing- StreetAlbany, Office,- NewNew York York Washington, - 22, New York "A To Z of Refrigeration,Detroit,D.C. 20202A MichiganStory - Frankof 48202Man-Made J. -McClure, 12th Cold" Printing PhD- Public - Relations Staff - General Motors - 1954 A. Course Title: Milk Sanitation COURSE OUTLINE B.C. NumberCurriculum of ClassName: Periods: ThreeChemical lecture Technology hours, (Environmental three lab hours Science per week Option) for 16 weeks, credit - 4 hours D. Textbook Used: toinstructorvisuallist,No becurrent selectedincluding aids intexts are orderby a available coverthevariety to instructor. makeall of and areasthe textbooks, need lectures adequately. to be is meaningful.obtained appended. and utilized by the An ample reference material ChoiceA broad of range textbooks of E. ObjectivesPrepared 'iv: and Discussion EnvironmentalNorman W. Bartz, Health DVM, Services, Associate Erie Sanitarian, County Department New York State,of Health. Training Officer of Course: 2.1. To andToprovide studythe control studentsthe source measures with and a compositionnecessaryfamiliarity for ofof wholesomeness. milk,the dairy its dietaryindustry, importance from the 3. dairyTo farm,approach industry through the course,thetraditional processing but not content plant,enter of deeplyto the the usual intoconsumer. anydairy individual science oraspect. 4. worker;producers,abilitiessubstituteTo depart those offromprocessors insteadwho the thewould technician, the"science" orattain "sanitation" industry supervisionprofessionalor "industry" workers. aspects over sanitarian technicalwhich the performancecharacterize oraspects quality andof thecontrol to G.5. Toand important affordrelatestandards the agricultural nominallystudentapplicable an employed resoirce.appre7Aationrules, regulations,to control of the 'tne dairylaws, far-flung industrycodes, milkordinances as industry.our nost Se observations.inobserved performing and handledvarious atlaboratory i.cations analysis where it of is milk being samplesLaboratory used. collected sessions in willthe fieldprovide will field complement visits tothe observe field the operations described in lectures. Commercial equipment utilized in the production, transport, processing and distribution will Practice production,States.studentsindustrialized in ourwhen urban comparedstate area. overshadows with consumption, the fact ofthat "fluid" New TheYork or size "bottled"ranks and third importance milk. in dairy of productionthe dairy industryin Itthe is entire inbelow New United onlyYork Minnesota State is andnot Wisconsin.widely appreciated by prospective The presence of several large municipalities in our heavily populated and It is probably the leading state in our nation in statesadollarsthe series marketing'Ls todeceptivelyof dairymenbusiness orders formaskedhandlingsof the bybasiccombined theof thisfarmtraditional New perishableproduction York andreputation productofNewFurthermore, fluid Jersey ofof milk. thedietmilk themidwesteru necessity.markets financial handled "dairyland" importane9 payments states. of ofthe 614 dairying million industry in our heavily urbanized northeastern This represents only the beginning step in In one year, study.controlindustry. fields, and with the intricacies of the scienceFew established justifies Milkindustries Sanitation have asas anmuch individual governmental course supervision of This andbase contrcl is the asorigin the dairyof the and many milk employment opportunities ia the milk industry and in the milk overfieldtogether other still with workers need an specializedinvasion in the field.of instructiontraditional todairy establish productsAlthough competency by imitationsmechanization and to and enable ofdietary the them industry subst4tutes, to exercise and a workersshiftjurisdiction from in thisgovernmental to industry control is cccurring, This course is designed to accomplish such competency. LECTURE NUMBER TOPICS 1 The PlaceHistory of ofMilk Milk in our Diet 2 The CompositionPhysiology ofof MilkNormal Production Bovine Milk 3 Adulterriti,-,n 3.2.1. MeansMethodsDefinition of ofdetection prevention 4 The Dangers of Milk as4. 5.a Medium of Disease Transmission ApplicableContamination rules byand antibiotic regulations residuals 3.2.1. ComparisonThe Owegostory outoreak ofof Maltamilkbornecarrier outbreak materials dangers with other ingested disease 65 MilkborneAnimal Health Disease Outbreak Investigation Disease Control Programs Zoonotic Diseases of the Bovine 7 ModernGeneralMastitis Mastitis Environment tests andof Dairycontrol Cattle rrograms Its economic and public health significance 9S Milk Production on the Farm - California Compared with New York State Basic Environmental Factors3.2.1. WasteWaterSewage supplydisposal disposal LECTURE NUMBER 10 The Changing Times of Farm Sanitation - The T'ffort Toward Efficiency as an MAIN TOPICS Economic NecessityThe Barn - Methods of Stabling2.1. PenStanchion sta}ling stabling loafing area - feeding area 11 Construction ane Operation of Milk Houses4.3. Ventilation,Comfort stalls feeding and cleaning requirements 12 2.1. ApplicableThe role rulesof the and extension regulations service Milking Procedures 3.2.1. PipelineMechanicalThe modern milkers milking systemsparlor History and Progress transport to milk house -c% 13 The Cooling of Milk old versus new - 14 TheStorage Changing of Milk Methods on the of FarmMilk Cooling, Pick-Up and Transport 15 BulkTransportReturn Pick-Up toto theLndReceiving FarmTransport for Stations Inspection Vehicles and ProcessingPurposes Plants Procedures, Sanitation, Samplers License From the Old to the New 16 WasteQuality, Disposal Wholesomeness for theThe Milkand Control SafetyHouse of of Pre-Pasteurized Milk Milk Industry Inspection Programs 17 TheSewage Receiving Disposal Leek for the Farm Residence Basic Deck Tests and Automatic Sampling tImMailmme 1.4.14.t err.* LF,C1:Rh SUM3ER 11 MAIN TOPICS 18 & 19 A Tour Through a Modern2.1. Processing Plant via ClarificationReceipt of milk Slides and Movies 6.5.4.3. HomovnizatioaMethodsStorageCooling of expelling volatile odors 10. 9.8,7. StorageBottlil,gPasteurizationCoolir 20 PasteurizationThermal Inactivation11. - Definition of Bacteria in Sanitary Liquids Delivery 21 Pasteurization EquipmentAspects Automatic Controls, Control Panels Legal Aspects - Physical and Bacteriological 3.2.1. Ultra-highHighBatch temperature or vat temperature pasteurization short methodstime heat exchanger presses 22 Elements of an HTSTa Press - Flow Charts and Diagrams Regeneration section e.b.d.c. Flow-diversionHoldingCoolingHeating tubesection valve h.i.g.f. Popul_arAnti-backThermometersBalance makes cc siphonageconstant ofand HTST control preventors,presses panel static head level tank LFCTURE NUMBER MAIN TOPICS k.1.j. RequiredGaugesBooster and pumpcharts seals and records 23 All Welded-in-Place Pipeli. s 3.2.1. MethodsMethods of of routine inspectioninstalling surveillance photographing via boroscope during installation ball swabbing 24 BottlingRequired EquipmentCooling Following and1. Satisfactory Pasteurizatica. Containers. The Flow to the Bottler or Filler. c. G4 2.3. typesProperTypes of o fillersidentification of product containers 25 Storage and Delivery 2.1.to the Distributor, Broker or ConsumerRequiredCode on containersstorage conditions 26 Milk Products and Milk3. By-Products Proper labeling pi.erequioite approval Filled Milk, Imitation Milk 27 Milk Classification and2.1. Pricing The"Closed" Role orof "Controlled"Department of Markets Agriculture and Markets 28 Cheeses Manufacture4.3. ProducersMilk Marketing Bargaining Administrations Agencies Butter Manufacture Market Orders LECTURE N',!MBER 29 A ModernCondensing Problem; and Powdering the Disposal Operations of Milk Wastes MAIN TOPICS 3.2.1. TheThe Blasdellroc Bison Dairy CheeseStory Story Company Story From personal experiences and reports 30 HandlingInsects of of Complaints Importance4. to Milk Sanitation - Dangers of InsecticideThe Grand Contamination. Island Modern Experience 31 Legal Aspects of Milk1. Sanitation The Pine Oil Incident - personal experience 4.3.2.1. TheTheReqLired Public UnitedNew YorklegalHealth States State permits Law Public Sanitary Health Code Service Erie County Sanitary Cede 32 IndustryThe Role Self-Inspection; of Producer Cooperatives Requirements for Approved Personnel Suggested Ordinance and Code Guest Lecturer 33 Requiremen%_ for HealthRequired and RegulatoryRefresher CoursesControl Personnel 3.2.1. PublicEnvironmental Health AidesSanitariansTechniLians and Trainees 34 Explanation of Official4.Items Dairy and Interpretations;Farm majer- and minor.Public Health Engineers Inspection Score Sheet GEN 9 - R.avised 1970 Pipeline inspection score sheet LECTURE NUMBER 35 Explanation of Proc_ssing Plant inpection Score Sheets; GEN 12, GEN 12A MAIN TOPICS 36 The Interstate Milk ShippersUse, interpretation grogram and their application 27, 28, 29 & 40 Other Agencies ConcernedN.S.F.,Health with Departments,A Milk! M, SanitationB.A.I., Food N.Y.S. & Drug Extension Administration, Service, N.Y.S.International College Associationof Agriculture, Center,Foundation,D.H.I.A.,of U.S.Milk, DepartmentVarious FoodsIndustry Taft andTrade Sanitary ofCommittees,Environmental Agriculture,Associations, Engineering N.Y.S. Sanitarians, 3-A Milk Center,DepartmentCommittee Producer CommunicableU.S Standards, ofCo-operatives.P.H.S., Agriculture ArtificialDiseaseNational and Control Markets, SanitationBreeders, to .) 4241 "American"Milk For Health"Dairy Associa_ion" - Guest Lecturer Guest Lecturer 44 - 48 43 Quiz,"Milk Preliminary Industry Foundation" andlecture Final periodsExamination at appropriate Periods - Interspersedtimes. throughout Guest Lecturer 1. Deck Tests LABORATORY B.A.C. SedimentSampling,Organolyptic testing smearing of milk samples, Breed smear 2. Dairy Farm VisitsB.A. StanchionComfort stallstabling F.E.D.C. GutterMilkingPipelinePen stabling cleaners parlors milkers J.H.I.G. BulkStripLiquid milktank cup manurecollectioncooling and methylenehandling and and storage transport blue testing trucks of milk 3. Plant and Official B.A.Laboratory Tests AgarBreed platingsmear - direct microscopic e...amination and direct microscopic count F.E.D.C. PhosphataseCryoscopicColiformMethylene counts bluemethods test test - field test, laboratory test interpretation results an _sage I.H.G. AntibioticenforcementSedimentThermoduric testing presence bacteria tests counting - sources, interpretation equipment, value of the test, abuses, standards of interpretation, M.L.K.J. DirectAcidityBottleWhiteside andmicroscopic determination orcan California rinse somatic samples Mastitis cell count Tes, theory a..d demonstration 4. Determination of Quality Problems LABORATORY B.A.C. ProcessSwabPipeline testing sampling swabbing - sampling points technique and interpretation 5. Tour Through ProcessingD. Plants Finished product sampling representative portions B.A. controlLargeSmall-sized plants panels plants - examplesof vat pasteurization positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, valves and piping, 6. Tour Through a Surplus B.A.Plant; Powderir_6 aid Evaporating PlantSprayRoll process process vacuum pans 8.7. Tour Through a Cheese Plant 9. Visit toto OfficialCornl Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostic Performing Laboratory Tests- on Milk and Milk Products (Erie County Laboratory) 11.10. cleaningExaminationVisit to andan andApprovedsanitizing; Inspection Industry mechanical of aQuality Bulk and Milk Laboratory programmed Collection automatic and Transport cleaning. Track. Observation of 12. Inspection and "scoring" of Dairy Farms LABC_ATORY 14.13. UseInspection of an Ele_-ronic and "scoring" Saltrimer test of Pasteurizationof dIST Unit Plant Test Equipment Auxiliary FiLtiugs and Ports 16.15. SamplingThermometer Points Checks in Farm and Plant Situations Flow Diversion Va7ve nesting - Sealing of Timing Pumps Interpretation of Results Slides 18.17. PracticeProperProperties Cleaning and of DemonstrationDetergents, of Equipment cn -nilking "Milk Stone"nachines on andEquipment Pipelines Evaluation of Detergents with Recording of Results 20.19. SealingStudies of EquipmentC.I.P. Clearing After Approval, Records to be Left Jse of Nylon Line; Swab-Ball Testing 22.21. EaminationOperation of of Clock Thermometer Controls Charts Dangers of Handling Legal and Illegal Tracings Identification and 23. Cut-In and Cut-Out ofProper Flow MarkingDiversion Valve Automatic Nilk Stops Proper Wiring 24. Examination of Milk CansVending and MachineContainers Containers, Non-Returnables LABORATORY In-Plant Containers, Plastic Containers, Bulk 26.25. OdorStreet Removal Sampling Equipment with -Laboratory Steam Injection Examination of Samples Collected 27.28. AutomaticUltra-High Contamination Temperature DetectingPasteurization Machines Equipment for Returnable Plastic Containers "Klenzade Dairy Sanitation Handbook" REFERENCES Klenzade Products 1960 - Beloit, Wisconsin "The"Sanitarians Sanitary Handbook"Code Publishingof New York CompanyState.' 605 Baronne Street - TheoryNew Orleans, and Administrative Louisiana Practice - Ben Freec:-an, M.D. - Peerless Administrative Rules and Regulations Manual of Procedure "The Public Health Law"healthN.Y.S. -Department Albany, New of YorkVe,ith Chapter 45, Consolidated Laws of New York State Albany, New York N.Y.S. Department of "Prccelures"Municipal andfor RuralTesting Sanitation" Pasteurization - Ehlers Equipment" and Steel - McGraw-Hill Book Company Public Health Service Publication #731 - New York City "Manual for Milk PlantWashi-vtonSuperintendent Openaterlr-" 5, D.C. of Documents - Washington ',Ink Industry Foundation D.C. 20402 1001 Fifteenth Street "Siy;nific 1320 Rosco.., Street - and (')ntrol of Colil7or771 ,11ceria in Pasteurized illiois - Diversey Corporation - "Home"lanuAl :,:ater of SepticTreatment" Tankof )ocuments- Practice"Winkelbeck - Public Health Service Publication 4526 U.S. Government Printing Office Extension Bulletin 4372 Washington, D.C. 20201 Cornell University 1967 Superintendent Ithaca, New York "Standard Methods of Analysis1;9 Broadway. of Milk New and York Milk 19 Products" - Waverly Press - Baltimore, Maryla REFERENCES American Public Health Association - "Diseases"Environmental Transmitted Health fromManual Animals of Procedures" to Man" - New York State Department of Health Thomas J. Hull, PhD. 1963 Charles Thomas, "Milk Ordinance andPublisher Code"U.S. t;overament - Springville, Printing Illinois Office - Washington, D.C. United States Public health Service Superintendent of Documents - "A "Environmentalto Z of RefrigerW7ion, Sanitation"Detroit, A Story Michigan of Man 48202, --Made 12th Cold", Printing, Public 1964.Relations Staff, General Motors, Joseph A. Salvato, Jr. John Wiley & Sons, New York City Sarita Chemistry C01.6!: OUTLINF C. ':umber of Clas7-- Three!iivironmental one-hour Scienceperiods and one three-hour labs per week for 16 weeks. I're,Jrcd DepartmentAnt!loryCompany,Sanitary T.Inc.,Chemistry ofVoc11, Health New DirectorYorkFor Eneinccrs,- Toronto Environmental -Clair London N.Health Sawyer, Services McCraw , ChautauquaHill Book contami;:anr5.sanitaryProspective chemistry environmentalists of water, wastewater, probably have foods, little, insecticides if any, knowledgeand air of the This course is designed to provide basic concepts in these collectedAcategories. workingfor proper tTknowledge samplethe environmental collectionof tic laboratory andhealth storage. techniciananalysis performed will emphasize on samples the need It will also allow the technician asThe tofollows: objectivesperform routine of this surveillance course in sanitarytests in chemistry,the field. then, are summ:_r_ed 1. analysis.begoneDevelopfield familiar samples.ability withto properly proper documentationcollect samples that for should laboratory accompany 3. analysis.ObtainDc,;elopticld worki,g andability laboratory knoededge -to perform analysis.of laboratory routine surveillance procedures fortests sample in the o.5. De,.-t_le;)hecome Familiar talent with to interpretterminolor,y results used ofin laboratory sanitary chemistry.analysis. LECTURE NUMBER 1 Course Orientation SUBJECT MATERIAL COVERED 543 Basic Concepts from QualitativeGeneralOrganicQuantitative ChemistryChemistry Chemistry Chemistry S79 Basic Concepts from OrganicPhysical Chemistry Chemistry 13121110 RoleBasic ofConcepts Technician from inColloidRadiochemistryBiochemistry Collecting Chemistry. and Analyzing Water Supply Samples 17161514 pHStandardColorTurbidity Solutions 21201918 HardnessChemicalAlkalinityAcidity Coagulation of Water 25242322 FlouridesResidualWaterIron Softening and Chlorine Manganese and Chlorine Demand '92S2726 DissolvedChloridesSulfatesIntroduction Oxygen to Wastewater Chemistry 33323130 SolidsNitrogenChemicalBiochemical Oxygen Oxygen Demand Demanu 31.34 Ga.:VolatileGreasePhosphorus Analysis Ac*ds and Phosphates LECTURE NUMBER SUBJECT M:ERIAL COVERED 403058 PoisonsField and (Heavy Laboratory Metals Testsand Rodenticides) for Food and Milk Contamination 43441241 Pesticides,SamplingPoisons (Heavyand Insecticides, Analysis Metals ofand AirHerbicidesRodenticides) Contaminants 1S4745 RelationLegalStatisticalPesticides, Aspects of Insecticides,SanitaryTreatment of Sanitary Chemistry of LaboratoryChemistryHerbicides to Regulatory Data Agencies C.Z) LABORATORY SESSION Orientation to Laboratory Procedures SUBJECT COVERED 32 Laboratory ExerciseAnalysis onon PreparingDeterminations Standard of ColorSolutions and Turbidity 54 LaboratoryLaboratory Exercise Exercise on onTests Analysis Performed of Acidity, with Regard Alkalinity to Chemical and pH Coagulation 6 Laboratoryof LaboratoryWater. Exercise Exercise on onPerforming Tests to AnalysisDetermine for Chemical Hardness Needs for Water Softening Possible Field Visit to Water Treatment Plant Laboratory. 9 BiochemicalLaboratoryChloridesLaboratory Exercise OxygenExercise Demand on on Sampling Performing and AnalysisAnalysis for for I'lourides, Dissolved OxygenSulfates and and LABORATORY SESSION 10 Laboratory Exercise on Sampling and Analysis for C.O.D. SUBJECT COVERED 1112 Laboratory Exercise onon SamplingSampling andand AnalysisAnalysis forfor SolidsNitrog'n Compounds 1413 FieldandLaboratory Grease Exercise Exercise on Tests on Samplingfor Contamination and Analysis of Foodfor Phosphorous,and Milk Products Phosphates 16IS Insecticides,Laboratory andExercise Pesticides, Field orExercise Visit etc. toon LaboratoryAnalysis of that Air PerformsContaminants Analysis on LEcruRL NO. I NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 wouldtoMaterial thebe brieflylecture Covered explainedperiods would and handedbe explained. out. The first lecture will be to orient the students to the objective of the course. The textbooksuse of laboratories used for the for course this coursewould beand discussed. the relationship The course outline References: 1. Teronto'Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" London Clair N. Sawyer, McCraw 11111 Book Company, Inc., New York - MaterialLECTURE CoveredNO. 2 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 elements,equations,include: symbols, metals atomic and non-metals, weights, and gas gram laws, atomic solutions, weights. the Thislaw oflecture mass actionwill cover and ionization.the basic conceptscompounds, from general formulas, chemistry. valences, chemical equations (weight relationships), oxidation Other items which will be covered briefly will Included will be discussions on reduction References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 2 - Basic Concepts From General Chemistry LECPJRE NO. 3 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materialways of Covered shifting chemical equilibiia and amphoteric hydroxides.These lectures will include discussions on chemical equilibria both homogeneous and heterogeneous, References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 3 - Basic Concepts from Qualitative Chemistry LECTURE NO. 4 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Material Covered The general operations of quantitative chemistry are covered in this lecture. General operations such assamples, iswellitsampling, coveredrelates as and physical desiccationinlaboratoryto thissanitary methods lecture apparatus ofchemistry. ofsamples as analysis. well and are as reagents, discussed.a discussion precipitation of gravimetric and filtration analysis. of samples, drying or ignition of The use of colorimetry in sanitary analysis is covered in this lecture The use of the analytical balance in laboratory techniques Volumetric analysis is discussed References: "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 4 Basic Concepts from Quantitative Chemistry LliCTURL NO. 5, 6, 7 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 3 organicMaterial compounds Covered and the elements of organic compounds are discussedA brief introduction briefly. in history of organic chemistry is presented in these lectures. The sources from which organic The properties of briefly,brieflycompounds in as arcthese well derived lectures.as their are referredphysical to.properties and the commonAliphatic nomenclature compounds used suchfor alcohols.as hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated) are discussed. The method of .-ilassification of alcohols and the most common alcohols are outlined Alcohols are covered aliphaticthese lectures compounds is the and makeup the Mercaptans. of acids, Esters, Ethers, and AlsoTheAlkyl next coveredHalides. oxidation in these product lectures of primaryis a discussion alcohols, on aldehydes the simple and compounds Ketones arecontaining discussed. nitrogen, the cyclic (Aliphatic compounds that contain sulfur) Also covered in the aeromatic compounds with specific discussion on hydrocarbons,OtherA general important phenols, discussion areasalcohols, thatis given aldehydes,receive on commoncoverage Ketones foods in and theseand acids. related three lecturecompounds. periods in organic chemistry include These discussions include carbohydrates, syntheticPolysaccharidescovered brieflydetergents and as includedtheyand arelate brief with todiscussion relation the makeup toon foodofthe food biologicalarc andthe relatedfats,The degredation makeupoils compounds. and of ofwaxes.detergents detergents is isdiscussed given. as it relates to organic chemistry. Soaps are coveredProteins as welland aminoas acids are Refei.ences: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 5 - Basic Concepts From Organic Chemistry. LEe'VURi: NO. 8 '4 9 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 2 toMaterial physical Covered chemistry. :nese two lectures will cover the basic concepts from- physical chemistry. Also covered will be such basic concepts as Avogadro's number, vapor pressure of liquids, Included will be an introduction Catalysis,electrolyticheat of vaporization, absorption dissociation. andsurface the usetension, of electromotive Binary mixtures, Otherforce. solutionsareas of interestof solids that in liquids,will he includedosmosis, areDialysis, the principles of solvent extraction, chemical kinetics, References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 6 - Basic Concepts From Physical Chemistry. LI'CTURL NC. 10 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Material Covered A general introduction to colloid chemistry is given in this lecture. Information is presented concerning andthefog, ga-,size, smog in methods liquidand smoke. ofsystems. formation and general propertiesColloidal of colloids. dispersions in liquids are covered, specifically solids in liquids, liquid in liquid systems In addition to the above colloidal dispersions in air are discussed specifically; References: "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 7 - Basic Concepts From Colloid Chemistry. LECTURE NO. 11 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materialchanges Covered that are brought about by living organisms.A general discussion is given concerning biochemistry in this lecture and how it deals with chemical concentration (pH) as being one of the most importantTemperatureEnzymes factors are relationships thatcovered influences through in biochemical thea discussion speed of reactions biochemicalof their are makeup reactions.detailed and functionas well asin thebiochemical role of thereactions. hydrogen ion of carbohydratesfats, proteins, and vitaminsproteins. as they relate to man.TheSpecific use of buffersomphasis is is covered placed alongon the with biochemistry discussions of onman major with andindividual trace elements time allotted and the to biochemistry carbohydrates, References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 8 - Basic Concepts From Biochemistry. 011111. POEM MOM MEIN mom LECTURE NO. J2 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materialnecessary Covered that a brief discussion be held concerningDue basic to the concepts involvement from radiochemistry.of the Environmental Health Technician in radiological health work, it is felt ofon nuclearatomic structuieconstruction). (nuclear theory, electron orbits,BriefThis nomenclature lecturecoverage will will of dealisotopes, be givenwith anacidto introductionthe neutron subjects toof thenatural science radioactivity, of radiochemistry the nature with ofspecific radiations, discussion - proton concept fusion,of radiations, are covered units along of withradioactivity, the use of radioactiveand half lives. ma,:erialsA brief discussion is included on the different types of nuclear reactions. as tracers. Nuclear fission and nuclear energy References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 9 Basic Concepts From Radiochemistry. MaterialLECTURE CoveredNC. 1 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 rolein laboratory-analysisof the Environmental of Health water Technician5amp:es. in collectingABecause brief samples,introductionof the importance taking is fieldgiven of chemicalmeasurementF,to the different analyses and.oarticipating typesof water of analysessupply samples, that are special done on treatment samples collected.is given to the References: No specifi-: reference is given for the above. MaterialLECTURL CoveredNO. NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 willfilterabilitysupplies be given will concerning beof discussed.water, turbidity. and disinfection). This lecture will specifically cover the methods of analyzing water for turbidity. The three main reasons for considering this parameter will be covered (asthetic,The sanitary significance of turbidity with relation to public water The standard unit of turbidity will be presented and methods of General considerations sewageasdetermination well in industrialas other will devices. wastebe covered. treatment. Discussion will be held concerning the application of turbidity data with relation to water supply and These methods would include the Jackson Candle Turbidimeter, Bottle Standards, References: 1. "Chemistry for SanitLry Engineers" - Chapter 11 - Turbidity MaterialLECTURE NO. Covered IS NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: I proprietaryas audition,they relate devices.methods to water of determinationsupplcs a;.d surveyswill be ofcovered receiving(4.neral including watercourses consideration standard -ill colorto thebe solutions givendetermination in thisand methods lecture.of color employing and the sanitary significance of color determinations The interpretation and application of color data will be covered in this lecture. In References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 12 - Color LECTURE NO. 16 NC. OF r.,ECTURE ,OURS: 1 Mate_ial Covered Because of the use of Normal solutions for determinations in many of the test, to be covered in subsequent moststandardspreparationarc lectures,coramonly discussed is ofauseddiscussed. concerningdiscussiona solutionsolutions. Normalisof heldproper solutions. in normalitythis lecture is covered.on the preparation on standard solutions. Specific coverage is given to the preparation of solutions of basis and acids of the The selection of the proper normality is discussed and the The standardization of solutions with primary General considerations References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" '7.hapter 13 - Standard Solution:: 17 NO. OF L1CTURE HOURS: 1 MaterialLECTURE LoveredNO. briefofare measuring also description discused p;! using ofbriefly. thecolor-metric interpretation measurement of pH :: data Ais general also given. discussion is held on the use of the hydrogen - ion concentration (pH). The measurement of hydrogen - ion concentrations is covered. and measurement with glass electrodes arc also included. Theoretical considerations Diffei-ent methods A References: -Chemistry for Sanitary L:rigineers" - Chapter 14 - phi MaterialLECTURE CoveredNO. 18 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 f.ealtharcminerP1 inzluded. Technician.acidity are also discussed. The sources and nature of acidity are covered in this lecture. The application of acidity data is discussed as it relates to the work of the Environmental The methods of measuring acidity due to carbon dioxide and mineral acidity The significance of carbon dioxide and References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 15 Acidity LECTURE NO. 19 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materialdeterminingsupply andCovered wastewateralkalinity disposal.are discussed in this lecture.A general discussion is held concerning the alkalinity of natural waters and its relationship to water The sanitary significance of alkalinity is discussed briefly. Methods of expressing alkalinity including phenolphthalein Methods of presentedcorrosionand total in control,alkalinity,rnis lecture. buffer hydroxide, capacity, carbonate, and industrial and biocalhonate:,pplicqtion wastes. alkalinityof alkalinity are datacovered. is discussed with relation to chemical coagilation of water, water softening, In addition new concepts concerning alkalinity are References: 1. -Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 16 Alkalinity MaterialLECTURE CoveredNC. 20 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: of suspendeds usedmatter in waterin water treatment is discussed practice. as it relatesThe fundamentalpresentation to chemical reactions ofcoagulation. this lectureinvolved includes in chemical offering coagulation information are coveredon the chemicalin these coagulationdiscussions. process which The purposes of chemical coagulation are discussed briefly. TheseThe nature include of inthelaboratory water flash treatmel,c mix, studies floculation processing.on chemical and chemistrycoagulations. of the chemicalThe optimum coagulation pH for chemicalprocess. coagulation is covered briefly and discussions are held on the significance A brief look is taken at the different coagulant aids used References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 17 - Chemical Coagulation of Water LECTURE NO. 21 NO. OF LECTURE ::OURS: Material Covered An introduction is given to hardness as it relates to water supplies and dlscussioh is held on the causes areand covered.source of hardness and the sanitary significanceMethods of hardness.of determination of hardness including the calculation method, the soap method, the EDTA method practice.carbonate hardness. Different types of hardness are discussed including calcium and masznes1-4:7, hardness, carbonate -ad nnn- In addition, a brief discussion is included on the application of hardness data in pub:.c References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineei," Chapter 18 - Hardness 41=75NMI mow 11.0.,rwrrwr r 111110I NEM IMO ems! LECTURE NO. 22 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materialsignificancesoftening Covered are of offered, laboratory including studies the as precipitationthey relateThe to method Environmentalthe water and zeolitesoftening Health or processbaseTechnician exchange is discussed.is softening.introduced to methods of water softening. Methods of water The C'D References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 19 - Water Softening IECTURE NO. 23 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS; 1 Materialare di:,cussed Covered as to the prime purpose of chlorinatingDiscussion water suppliesin this lectureand the concentrationuse of chlorine on compounds.residual chlorine. In additon, chlorine considerations The demandofimpuritieschemistry indetermination these is includedofindisc%ssions. chlorinationthe ofwater. in chlorine this islecture residualslooked and at thebothincluding application total, the free reaction cf and chlorine combined of chlorine demand residuals andwith chlorine andwater the nnd residu21measurement its reaction data of ere chlorinewith covered The sanitary significance of chlorine residuals is discussed at length. Methods References: 1. "Chemisiry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 20 - Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand MaterialLECTURE NO. Covered 24 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 :plicationsin public waterof iron supplies. and moliganese data in public healthMethodsDiscourse practice fur in determining this are lecture presented. iron concerns are described general asconsiderations well as those as for to determiningthe importance manganese of iron concentrations. and manganese The sanirary significance of iron and manganese is also crwered. References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 27 - Iron and Manganese MaterialLECTURE CoveredNO. 25 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 theoffluorinediscussion significancefluoride and willdata its of beiscompounds high heldalso fluorides ondiscussed. arethe included.significance in water supplies of fluoridesThis and lecture low in fluoridesrelation will deal toin airwithwater pollution. the supplies. dual importance of fluorides in public water supplies. Methods for determining fluorides are covered and the application The chemistry of In addition, some It will cove/ References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 28 - Fluoride LECTURE NO. 25 NO. OF LECTURE dOURS: I Materialsewage inCovered industrial waste problems. This lecture will deal with the importance of sulfates in public water supplies and its relation to ocof presented.how sulfates contribute EC the corrosion of sa%ers.MethodsDuring of this analysis lecture for there sulfates will includingbe discussions the gravimetric on sulfates and as turbidimetricthey cause odor and problems volum-tric and methodsa description willThe applications of sulfate data to public health practice will also be discussed. References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 29 - Sulfates MaterialLECTURE Covered NO. 27 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 oftreatment violations plants, and routineindustrial water waste quality tIeatment surveilla:lce plantsAn Discussion introductionand networks. recei'ing includes is water given thecourses. to use the of use Analytical of sanitary data chemistry for design for ofanal; wastewater ;is of wastewatertreatent plants,from domestic legal documentation References: No specific reference is given. LECTURE NO. 28 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Material Covered A general disoussion is held concerning ct:lorides as they relate to public health work. The sanitary discused.includingsignificance the ofMohr chlorides method andis covered.the mercuric nitrate Finallymethod. the application of chloride data in work performed by the Environmental Health Technician is Methods of determination of chloride concentration are discussed References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 21 Chlorides MaterialLECTURE CoveredNO. 29 NO. "/F LECTURE HOURS: 1 Thetreatment sanitary plant significance operation, of etc.dissolved oxygen is discussedDiscussionGeneral as c-nsideration itis relatesheld on to methodis stream given of pollution,tocollection the dissolved wastewaterof sampl..!s oxygen formeascrement determination as it ofis dissolvedused in sanitaryoxygen. chemistry. modification.theoxygenFinally Winkler are the aIs) method, application included. the °ideal of dissolved - Steward oxyger. modification data Theis coveredofchoice the ofWinklerbriefly. standard method reagent and thefcr alkalinmeasuring - hypochloritedissolved oxyg-Al is covered. In addition, the many proprietary mecai-dcal devices to measure dissolved oxygen are discussed. Some of the methods covered include the Winkler method, the azide modification of Methods of determining dissolved References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 22 - Dissolved Oxygen NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Ma_erialLECTURE CoveredNO. 30 Tech"Tcian'sisincludingB.O.D. held testson thethe work and directrate theis ofcovered.methodnature the biochemical andof thethe B.O.D.dilution oxidations. reaction method. Biochemicali- included. oxygen demand (B.O.D.) is covered in this lecture. The application of TheseB.O.D. are data covered in Environmental extensively. Health Methods of measuring B.O.D. are discussedGeneral considerations are given to the Additional discussion Cl References: 1. "Ch,:mistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 23 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand MaterialLECTURE NO. Covered 31 NO. OF LECTURE HGURS: 1 tests.will deal will the chemical oxygen demand tests. As a complement to the biochemicalA brief oxygen history demand, of theand C.O.D.material analysis covered is in presented. the previous lecture, this lecture General considerations are discussed concerning the C.O.D. theof selectionblanks, use of ofthe ind.r.ator normalicy solutionsof solutions and calculations.to be used,The applicationmc-hcd the measurement of det'2-minirg of the o,C.O.D. excess chemical data oxidizing is oxygen also agent,discussed.demand preparationby dichromate is presented This material includes References: I. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers' Chapter 24 - Chemical Oxygen Demand LECTURE NO. 32 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Material Covered A general discussion is held concerning the nitrogen cycle and the relationship of organic nitrogen to ammonia,indicator nitrates, forof sanitarycontrol nitrites, ofquality, biological and humanits relationship treatmentwastes. processes. toThe nutritioaal sanitary significance of nitrogen data is discussed. Thisand discussion related problems includes and how it isacts used as asan an nitrogen, organic nitrogen, albuminoid nitrogen, MethodsnitrateApplications ofand analyzing nitrite of nitrogen for the data different are also constituent discussed. parts of nitrogen are nitrogen. discussed . These include ammonia, References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 25 - Nitrogen MaterialLECTURE NO.Covered 33 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 andwaterthe undissolvedEnvironmental and wastewater. solids, Health volatile Technician, and fixedthis lecturesolids andcoversBecause settleable in detailof the solids. thewide aralyses use of solidsused for data determining in public solidshealth inengineering and the work which would he done by General consideration is given to the makeup of solids including total solids dissolved applicationspollutedtois industrialgiven water as ofto and wastes. solidsthe domestic differences data sewage.in public In determination health engineering ..)fInstruction solids practice in wateris is included alsosupplies discussed. on vs.the determinationssanitary significance applicable of tosolids determinations. The methods of analyzing for solids in sludges is also included in th:.s lecture. The A special discussion is held on the determinations for solids applicable A I,reak-down in analysis References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 26 - Solids Olirm Imemi M110 Pam" r--r I 11...1 Marto MIMI LECTURE NO. 34 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 ofMaterial aquatic Covered vegetation accents the need to cover thisPhosphate chemical as in a detailcontributor in this to lecture.water pollution and as a gross nutrient contributing to excessive growths ofThe arephosphatephosphorus fertilizing discussed. compounds data value in publicinof treatingsludges health becauseboiler practice watersof istheir discussei.is phosphateThealso use covered. briefly.of content phosphate is discussedcompounds brieflyin treating and thepublic use waterof supplies, sewage and industrial wastes is discussed. Methods of determining phosphorus or phosphates are covered in this lecture. Specific phosphorus compounds of importance The-: application References: 1. "C'nemist-y for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 3f) - Phesphovus and Phosphates MaterialLECTURE NO.Covered 35 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 datapresentedgreaseindustrial,during in public asin isthis healthfound lecture. these inpractice water, discussions. arcsewage iu..orporatei and industrial intoThe wastesthis importance lecture. and sludges of determining is included. concentrations of grease as it is related to wastewater treatment is General consideration is given to the sources of grease both domestic and Grease and its measurement are covered and the methods of analysis for Applications of grease References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 31 - Grease MOO pima orms Oommii priml 111.1 MaterialLECTURE CoveredNO. 36 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 operators,acid test. it is felt necesszlry that he be acquaintedThisOne with oflecture the this most deals important generally analytical with the determinationsneed for the volatile in the controlacid tests of anaerobicincluding digestionBecausea theoretical of is the the considerationenvironmentalist's volatile involvement in consulting with wastewater treatment plant nalyss. healthetheras to itsmethodswork. dcvknopment. are covered. Different methods of determining volatile acids including direct distillation, steam distillation and Special consideration is given to the application of volatile acid data in public References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" Chapter 32 Volutable Acids LE JR NO. 37 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Material Covered This lecture will 'Teal with gas analysis. Anaerobic decomposition c' material results in different ofcanpercentages nnalysis be made ofas gastocarbon howwill welldioxide, be discussedthe decenpositionmethane, including and otherprocess methods gases. is for proceeding. carbon dioxide,presentation oxygen, hydrogen,of the sources methane, of errorand nitrogen. involved in gas handling are included, covering the collection, Depending on t1-.. Therefore, during this lecture methods composition of the gas a determination iscnangesstorage included and onthehandling the volume applications of of samples, capillaries. of the gas confining analysis fluid,data.A special incomplete discussion combustion is included of the methane,on the measurement temperature of hydrogen sulfide gase. Finally a brief discussion References: 1. "Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers" - Chapter 33 - Gas Analysis LECTURE NO. 38 39 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 2 workbacterialMaterial - Sediment Coveredaction. Test, Direct Microscopic Method (applicationsMilk is the tomost raw nutritious milk, pasteurized food known, milk, but powdereu also one milk of the most highly perishable foods as a result ox Technician candidates would be exposed to the fo:owin tests iclvolved in Milk Sanitation Test,andspecifically discussion reduction forof methods thepenicillin, sourcei. of measuring theof errorphosphatase bacterial in the testmethod densities, Thisand , pasteurizer lecture detection will tie-ins,. tesalso cover the performance of field tests for determining food contamination. Agar Plate Method, the Keeping Quality Test, Coliform for inhibitory substances in milk - There washconcentrationsignificanceinare this water,numerous lecture detection ofoftests quaternarythesewould which of testsinclude decomposed are amonium would runswab in also orcompoundstests the adulterated be field forincluded. infood in sanitizing foodmeat,utensils, control as wellsolutions, available work. as many detectionchlorine others. inof disinfec:_antadequacy of alkalinitysolution, in Some of the tests which could be covered A discussion on the sanitary References: 1. Company,Director"Sanitarians P.0of Bur Handbook" au of Health Theory Conservation, in Administratative Louisiana Practice, State Department Third Edition of Health, - Fen Freedman,Peerless PublishingM.D. MPH Chapter XXIIIxrxXVI -& -roodXVII and- Quality Drug Control of Milk and Market - M71k Control Box 30187, New Orleans,Some Louisiana simple tests for use in food control work LECTURE NO. 40 4 41 NO. OF LECTIJ;E HOURS: 2 poisonscadmium,Material in cyanide,Coveredrodent control mercury, work, etc. these lectures will brieflyBecause coverof the the increasing makeup of experience heavy metals in poisoningsuch as lead, cases caused by heavy metals and the pse of various Also included would be discussions on rodenticides such as sodium flottoacetate (1080), warfarin (C The effect of these poisons and methods of treatment in case of acciOental poisoning, will be covered. 19 H 160 4 ), Pival (C14 H 14 0-) and others..5 Reference: 1. ChapterConservation,"Sanitarians VIII - Handbook' LouisianaRodent Control -State Third Department Edition - ofBen Health, Freedman, Peerless M.D. MPH, Director of Bureau of Health LECTURti NO. 42 43 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 2 Material Covered willavailableregulations be discussions control these twoonmeasures thelectures to Because of the increasing affects of different types of eliminate-sillimportance the pollution.detail on methods documentation of sampling of pollutants, possible sources of violations differentcf air pollution types of control air pollutants. these pollutants and rules andThere Dif4erent types of pollutants TYPE OF POLLUTANTS covered and the sampling methods AIR POLLUTION SAMPLINGwill include the following list: of glass slides METHOD SuspendedFallout particulate particulate matter mater, smoke No.DustNo. fall 32 visibilityAISI sampling smoke -determinationssampler use 1 high volmc filter sampler HydrocarbonsOxides of nitrogen Saltzmanflame ionization method carbon monoxide Westdetectora modification - Gaeke tube methodtechnique of the NBS colormetric sulfurodorspollen dioxide trainedCollections observers, on slides panel of observers, as well as the In addition to the above, sanita,y significance of the methods of storage and transportation different types of air pollution. volunteer observers of air pollution samples will be outlined References: 1. obtainAny nonber the textof air that pollution will be most texts can be used for useful for this lecture. this lecture. It is suggested that the instructor LECTURE NO. 44 & 4S NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: Materialand other Covered contaminates in this category. These lectures will deal with the sampling of waters for analysis for pesticides, insecticides, herbicides done as far as sampling for the pollutants and the Generalbecauseanalysis considerationof being the amountdone for willof them.research be given going to the on makeupin this of area these this pollutants lecture willand discussiondiscuss the will research be held being on the willhydrocarbonsanitary be the significance organicinsecticides phosphorus of theincluding above insecticides. mentionedthe DDT series, chemicals. chlordanInorganic series, insecticides benzene will hexachloride be discussed series, briefly. also covered Among the insecticides covered will be the chlorinated References: 1. obtainMany reference thelmost bookspertinent arc availablereference onfor the the above purpose subject. of these lectures. It is suggested that the instructor MaterialLECTURE NO. Covered 46 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 the statistical treatment given to it in this interpretation.ThisIt lectureis felt willimperative deal with that statistical environmentalists treatment be ofwell data acquainted resulting with from evaluation laboratory of analysis. laboratory data and References: 000 1. Robert"Principles1960 G. and Procedures of Statistics" - With special reference to the biological sciences - D. Steel and Jamcs H. Torrie, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. - New York Teronto London LECTURE NO. 47 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS: 1 Materiallecturer Covered be brought in to discuss the use of laborar-:yThis lecture data inwill prosecuting cover the violationsuse of sanitary of public chemistry health in laws. legal cases. It is recomnended that a guest References: 1. It is suggested that case history be provided to the students as part of this lecture. LECTURE O. 48 NO. OF LECTURE HOURS- 1 Material Covered This lecture will deal with the relation of sanitary chemistry and laboratory analysis to regulatory wateravencie,.discussed quality would criteria include as wellstandards as food for contamination public water Itandsupplies, air pollution standards sampling. for wastewater disposal, receiving suggested that a guest lecturer fr:m a governmental agency be invited to provide this lecture. Items