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Drinking Water Treatment Systems
Drinking Water Facts….. Drinking Water Treatment Systems By: Barbara Daniels and Nancy Mesner Revised December 2010 If your home water comes from a public water supply, it has been tested and meets EPA standards for drinking water. If you use a private well, however, you are responsible for assuring that the water is safe to drink. This means that you should periodically have your water tested, make sure your well is in proper condition without faulty well caps or seals, and identify and remove potential sources of con- tamination to your well such as leaking septic systems or surface contamination. With a private well, you are also responsible for any treatment your water may need if it contains harm- ful pollutants or contaminants that affect the taste, odor, corrosiveness or hardness of the water. This fact sheet discusses different types of water treatment systems available to homeowners. Addressing the source of the problem is often less costly in the long run than installing and maintaining a water system. For more information on identifying pollutant sources, problems with your well, or help in testing your well water, see the references at the end of this fact sheet. There are many types of water treatment systems available. No one type of treatment can address every water quality problem, so make sure you purchase the type of equipment that can effectively treat your particular water quality issue. The table below can help direct you to the right solution for your prob- lem. Drinking Water Facts….. What type of water treatment is needed? The table below lists common water contamination problems. -
19. Water Treatment Plants. the Introduction (Chapter 1) for These
Chapter 4 – Specifications Designs 19. Water Treatment Plants 19. Water Treatment Plants. The Introduction (Chapter 1) for these design data collection guidelines contains additional information concerning: preparing a design data collection request, design data collection requirements, and coordinating the design data collection and submittal. The following is a list of possible data required for specifications design of water treatment facilities. The size and complexity of the process system and structures should govern the amount and detail of the design data required. A. General Map Showing: (1) A key map locating the general map area within the State. (2) The plant site and other applicable construction areas. (3) Existing towns, highways, roads, railroads, public utilities (electric power, telephone lines, pipelines, etc.), streams, stream-gauging stations, canals, drainage channels. (4) Existing or potential areas or features having a bearing on the design, construction, operation, or management of the project feature such as: recreation areas; fish and wildlife areas; building areas; and areas of archeological, historical, and mining or paleontological interest. The locations of these features should bear the parenthetical reference to the agency most concerned: for example Reclamation. (5) County lines, township lines, range lines, and section lines. (6) Locations of construction access roads, permanent roads, and sites for required construction facilities. (7) Sources of natural construction materials and disposal areas for waste material, including the extent of mitigation required. (a) Location of disposal areas for debris, sediment, sludge, and spent chemicals from cleaning or storage solutions. (8) Water sources to be treated such as surface water or underground water. (9) Location of potential waste areas (i.e., channels). -
Household Water Treatment Filters Product Guide Table of Contents
Household Water Treatment Filters Product Guide Table of contents 1. Introduction ...............................................................1 2. Key parameters ............................................................2 3. Filter categories ............................................................4 4. Validation methods .........................................................22 5. Local procurement .........................................................24 First edition, April 2020 Disclaimer: The use of this product guide is strictly for the internal purposes of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and in no way warrants, represents or implies that it is a complete and thorough evaluation of any of the products mentioned. This guide does not constitute, and should not be considered as, a certification of any of the products. The models and products included in this guide are for information purposes only, the lists are not exhaustive, and they do not represent a catalogue of preferred products. This guide is not to be used for commercial purposes or in any manner that suggests, or could be perceived as, an endorsement, preference for, or promotion of, the supplier’s products by UNICEF or the United Nations. UNICEF bears no responsibility whatsoever for any claims, damages or consequences arising from, or in connection with, the product guide or use of any of the products by any third party. Cover photo: © UNICEF/UNI127727/Vishwanathan 1 Introduction The provision of safe drinking water for all, in an average family size of five persons per sufficient quantities, is a key priority for UNICEF household. Solar disinfection is discussed in this and other water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) guide, as the other main non-chemical method actors, be it at the onset of an emergency or in of water treatment (along with boiling). -
Secretory Tissues (Gesneriaceae)
Acta Bot. Neerl. 46(4), December 1997, p.413-420 Secretory tissues of the flower of Sanango racemosum (Gesneriaceae). I. Light microscopy Sara Maldonadoi* and Marisa Oteguiif * Institute de Recursos Bioldgicos, INTA 1712, Villa Udaondo, Castelar, Argentina; fFacultad de Ciencias La 1900 La Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de Plata, Plata, Argentina SUMMARY Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Barringer has a dry stigma without a free-flowing secretion fluid but with a hydrated proteinaceous pellicle. The stigmatic surface is covered with unicellular, bottle-shaped papillae. At maturity, a viscous emulsion is accumulated between the cuticle and the pecto-cellulosic wall of the papillae, causing it to become detached from the surface of the papilla cell walls. The style has a central solid core of transmitting tissue. The cells of the transmitting tissue are rich in starch and exhibit thick lateral walls rich in pectic substance. The nectary disk is a ring elongated into a cup, with five lobes at the top. One of the most conspicuous histological features of the disk is the abundance of starch in the secretory cells. The disk is supplied only by phloem; the stomata are found in the top of the lobes. A fluid substance is produced just before anthesis and secreted through the stomata with no visible decline in starch level. During anthesis and after fertilization, a rapid decline in starch is observed. The hypothesis that the disk has other functions besides that of a nectary is discussed. Key-words: disk, nectary, osmophore, Sanango, stigma, transmitting tissue. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Sanango G. S. Bunting and J. -
A Practical Guide to Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management and the Role for Green Infrastructure”, J
A Practical Guide to Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management & the Role of Green Infrastructure Prepared for: Prepared for: Funded by: Prepared by: May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT), wishes to extend our sincere appreciation to the individuals whose work and contributions made this project possible. First of all, thanks are due to the Great Lakes Protection Fund for funding this project. At Great Lakes Commission, thanks are due to John Jackson for project oversight and valuable guidance, and to Victoria Pebbles for administrative guidance. At ECT, thanks are due to Sanjiv Sinha, Ph.D., for numerous suggestions that helped improve this report. Many other experts also contributed their time, efforts, and talent toward the preparation of this report. The project team acknowledges the contributions of each of the following, and thanks them for their efforts: Bill Christiansen, Alliance for Water Efficiency James Etienne, Grand River Conservation Christine Zimmer, Credit Valley Conservation Authority Authority Cassie Corrigan, Credit Valley Conservation Melissa Soline, Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Authority Cities Initiative Wayne Galliher, City of Guelph Clifford Maynes, Green Communities Canada Steve Gombos, Region of Waterloo Connie Sims – Office of Oakland County Water Julia Parzens, Urban Sustainability Directors Resources Commissioner Network Dendra Best, Wastewater Education For purposes of citation of this report, please use the following: “A Practical Guide to Implementing -
Sieve Plate Pores in the Phloem and the Unknowns of Their Formation
plants Review Sieve Plate Pores in the Phloem and the Unknowns of Their Formation Lothar Kalmbach 1,* and Ykä Helariutta 1,2,* 1 The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK 2 Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.K.); [email protected] (Y.H.) Received: 7 December 2018; Accepted: 19 January 2019; Published: 22 January 2019 Abstract: Sieve pores of the sieve plates connect neighboring sieve elements to form the conducting sieve tubes of the phloem. Sieve pores are critical for phloem function. From the 1950s onwards, when electron microscopes became increasingly available, the study of their formation had been a pillar of phloem research. More recent work on sieve elements instead has largely focused on sieve tube hydraulics, phylogeny, and eco-physiology. Additionally, advanced molecular and genetic tools available for the model species Arabidopsis thaliana helped decipher several key regulatory mechanisms of early phloem development. Yet, the downstream differentiation processes which form the conductive sieve tube are still largely unknown, and our understanding of sieve pore formation has only moderately progressed. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on sieve pore formation and present relevant recent advances in related fields such as sieve element evolution, physiology, and plasmodesmata formation. Keywords: plant vasculature; phloem; development; sieve element; sieve plate; cell wall; plasmodesmata; Arabidopsis 1. Introduction Studying the plant vascular system has attracted considerable attention over the past decades. The vasculature enables apoplastic water and nutrient transport from the root to the shoot through root pressure and transpiration-powered transport through the xylem vessels. -
CSR Guidelines for Rural Drinking Water Projects
Guide line For CSR Guideline for Rural Drinking Water Projects “Business has a responsibility to give back to CSR Guidelines community” For Rural Drinking Water Projects Government of India Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 1 | P a g e Guide line For CSR Guideline for Rural Drinking Water Projects Table of Contents Page S.No Topic Number 1. Background 3 2. Why CSR for Drinking Water 3 3. Snapshot of CSR Guide Line 4 4. Objectives with regard to Water 5 5. Methodology 5 6. Type of Activities 5 7. Identification of Gram Panchayat for implementation of Water 6 projects 8. Role of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 6 9. Monitoring mechanism 6 10. Tri-partite agreement (TPA) 7 11. Operation and Maintenance 7 12. Conclusion 7 2 | P a g e Guide line For CSR Guideline for Rural Drinking Water Projects 1. Background Due to Poor quality of water and presence of chemical/ bacteriological contamination, many water borne diseases are spread, which causes untold misery, and in several cases even death, thereby adversely affecting the socio-economic progress of the country . From an estimate by WaterAid, it has come out that these diseases negatively effect health and education in children, and further what is worse, 180 million man days approximately are lost in the working population to India every year. Water-related diseases put an economic burden on both the household and the nation’s economy. At household levels, the economic loss includes cost of medical treatment and wage loss during sickness. Loss of working days affects national productivity. -
School Idea in Prisons for Adults Albert C
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 7 1914 School Idea in Prisons for Adults Albert C. Hill Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Albert C. Hill, School Idea in Prisons for Adults, 5 J. Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 52 (May 1914 to March 1915) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. THE SCHOOL IDEA IN PRISONS FOR ADULTS. ALBERT C. HILL.' The attitude of the public towards its criminals has never been very kindly, just or intelligent. Hatred, revenge, cruelty, indifference, Pharisaism, exploitation have characterized the conduct of society to- wards those, who, for one reason or another, have been branded as crim- inals. Badness has often been tolerated and even condoned, so long as it did not end in conviction by a court, but the convict and the ex- convict have always suffered from the neglect and inhumanity of man. A change in public sentiment, however, is now in progress. Society -is becoming more and more sensitive to the sad cry of neglected chil- dren and to the despairing appeals of helpless and hopeless adults. The sentiment of human brotherhood is growing stronger and the call for help meets with more ready response than formerly. -
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source Protection
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source Protection The Treatment Process Potential Treatment Capacity Very Effective For: Somewhat Effective For: Not Effective For: Local contamination of the Naturally occurring water source contamination Contaminants introduced upstream of the water source What is Source Protection? Source Protection Practices There are many pollution problems which The following provides suggestions on may threaten drinking water quality at the several things that can be done to protect source, point of collection, or during different water sources from contamination transport. Source protection can reduce or and improve the quality. eliminate the risk of contamination, resulting For all Water Sources and Points of Use in improved water quality and reduced risk (where the water is stored or used): of disease. Source protection should always be practiced as the first step in the multi- Locate latrines down hill and at least 30 barrier approach to safe drinking water. meters away from water sources. Keep animals away by using fences What Causes Contamination? around the water source The main risk factors for contamination at Maintain separate area for washing clothes the water source, collection point and during and watering animals transport are: Keep the general environment around the Poor site selection of the water source water source and points of use clean and Poor protection of the water source against free from excreta and garbage pollution (e.g. agricultural runoff Plant trees along creeks and rivers and contaminated with manure and fertilizers) maintain a well forested area above your Poor structure design or construction (e.g. water source, to trap contaminants and lack of a well lining and/or cover, tank prevent erosion sealing, poor pipe connections) Provide adequate drainage to prevent Deterioration or damage to structures (e.g. -
Xylem Rental Guide Xylem Rental Solutions for Your Pumping Or Treatment Challenges
Xylem Rental Guide Xylem Rental Solutions for Your Pumping or Treatment Challenges 0845 707 8012 24/7 Rapid Response Welcome to our Rental Guide Xylem is a force to be reckoned with when providing total solutions for fluid handling and control. With a history spanning 100 years, it is a company passionate about innovation and determined to solve the most challenging water issues. Xylem’s powerful combination of products, services and applications expertise serves market sectors including Public Utilities, Infrastructure, Municipal, Building Services and Industry. Our Rental division, specialises in the rental of Flygt electric submersible pumps, Godwin prime assisted diesel pumps, Wedeco and Sanitaire treatment systems. Xylem remain unique in the market place supporting rental applications with the products that Xylem also manufacture as Original Equipment Manufacturers of each of the famous brands included in the range. Our skilled team of engineers offer unprecedented technical backup and design of bespoke pumping and treatment systems, whether temporary or semi-permanent, for anything from a small amount of nuisance water to the movement of sewage and major flow diversion schemes. By choosing Xylem Water Solutions for your rental requirements, you gain automatic access to a wealth of experience and technical knowledge. Our engineers can assess your needs, design your pumping or treatment system and install it. Offering a 24/7 rapid response service, with fully owned transportation including lifting cranes and strategically located regional -
Dicot/Monocot Root Anatomy the Figure Shown Below Is a Cross Section of the Herbaceous Dicot Root Ranunculus. the Vascular Tissu
Dicot/Monocot Root Anatomy The figure shown below is a cross section of the herbaceous dicot root Ranunculus. The vascular tissue is in the very center of the root. The ground tissue surrounding the vascular cylinder is the cortex. An epidermis surrounds the entire root. The central region of vascular tissue is termed the vascular cylinder. Note that the innermost layer of the cortex is stained red. This layer is the endodermis. The endodermis was derived from the ground meristem and is properly part of the cortex. All the tissues inside the endodermis were derived from procambium. Xylem fills the very middle of the vascular cylinder and its boundary is marked by ridges and valleys. The valleys are filled with phloem, and there are as many strands of phloem as there are ridges of the xylem. Note that each phloem strand has one enormous sieve tube member. Outside of this cylinder of xylem and phloem, located immediately below the endodermis, is a region of cells called the pericycle. These cells give rise to lateral roots and are also important in secondary growth. Label the tissue layers in the following figure of the cross section of a mature Ranunculus root below. 1 The figure shown below is that of the monocot Zea mays (corn). Note the differences between this and the dicot root shown above. 2 Note the sclerenchymized endodermis and epidermis. In some monocot roots the hypodermis (exodermis) is also heavily sclerenchymized. There are numerous xylem points rather than the 3-5 (occasionally up to 7) generally found in the dicot root. -
Tree Cookies
Tree Cookies Tree cookies are round. They’re full of fiber. But unless you’re a termite, you can’t eat tree cookies! What is a tree cookie? A tree cookie is a cross section of a tree. The tree is cut down and then sliced into pieces. The tree is like a loaf of bread and the pieces are like individual slices of bread. What are the parts of the tree? The cambium is the layer of cells just inside the inner bark. The cambium produces new cells. This is where the tree grows new wood. The phloem (pronounced FLOW-UHM, rhymes with FOAM) is the inner bark. The phloem consists of tube-shaped cells. The phloem carries sugar from the leaves to other parts of the tree such as the roots. Maple syrup comes from the phloem of sugar maple trees. The xylem (pronounced ZY-LEM) also consists of tube-shaped cells. The xylem is the plumbing system of the tree. It carries water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Most of the tree cookie consists of xylem cells. In a living tree, all of the xylem cells are dead. The xylem cells are completely empty and hollow. Why are the xylem cells dead and hollow? This helps make the water flow more efficient, just like the pipes that carry water to and from your kitchen sink. The pipes are more efficient at carrying water when nothing blocks the flow inside of the pipes. The rays are the darker-colored radial spokes. The rays are plates of living cells that carry materials to and from the outer and inner layers of the tree.