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Beyond Emboldenment Beyond Mark S
Beyond Emboldenment Beyond Mark S. Bell Emboldenment How Acquiring Nuclear Weapons Can Change Foreign Policy What happens to the foreign policies of states when they acquire nuclear weapons? This question has grown in importance as new nuclear powers have emerged and other states have moved closer to joining the nuclear club. Indeed, determining the costs that the United States and others should be prepared to pay to prevent nuclear proliferation hinges on assessing how nuclear weapons affect the be- havior of the states that acquire them and how dangerous those effects are. If states expand their interests in world politics or act more aggressively in the aftermath of nuclear acquisition, preventing nuclear proliferation should be a higher priority than if nuclear weapons do not signiªcantly affect the for- eign policies of the states that acquire them. Crafting deterrence strategies for new nuclear states also requires understanding the foreign policy effects that nuclear weapons are likely to have in a given case.1 Despite its importance, the question of how nuclear weapons affect the for- eign policies of the states that acquire them has not been satisfactorily an- swered. The literature on nuclear weapons has generally examined the effects of nuclear weapons on outcomes other than foreign policy; has focused on the effects of nuclear weapons on the calculations of other states rather than the acquiring state; and has often sought to explore how states with nuclear weapons should behave rather than how they do behave. The literature that has examined the effects of nuclear weapons on foreign policy has tended to conºate effects of nuclear weapons under catch-all terms such as “em- boldenment” while ignoring other potential effects of nuclear acquisition. -
TNSR and Discusses the Joys and Pains of the Review Process, Giving Some Advice for Both Reviewers and Those Submitting Their Work for Review
ISSN 2576-1021 ISSN 2576-1153 Print: Online: Texas National Security Review CLARITY & QUAGMIRE Volume 2 Issue 2 MASTHEAD TABLE OF CONTENTS Staff: The Foundation Publisher: Managing Editor: 04 Reviewing Blues Ryan Evans Megan G. Oprea, PhD Assistant Editor: Francis J. Gavin Autumn Brewington Editor-in-Chief: Associate Editors: William Inboden, PhD Galen Jackson, PhD Van Jackson, PhD Stephen Tankel, PhD The Scholar 10 When Do Leaders Change Course? Theories of Success and the American Withdrawal Editorial Board: from Beirut, 1983–1984 Alexandra T. Evans and A. Bradley Potter Chair, Editorial Board: Editor-in-Chief: 40 How to Think About Nuclear Crises Francis J. Gavin, PhD William Inboden, PhD Mark S. Bell and Julia Macdonald Robert J. Art, PhD Beatrice Heuser, PhD Patrick Porter, PhD Richard Betts, PhD Michael C. Horowitz, PhD Thomas Rid, PhD John Bew, PhD Richard H. Immerman, PhD Joshua Rovner, PhD Nigel Biggar, PhD Robert Jervis, PhD Brent E. Sasley, PhD The Strategist Philip Bobbitt, JD, PhD Colin Kahl, PhD Elizabeth N. Saunders, PhD Hal Brands, PhD Jonathan Kirshner, PhD Kori Schake, PhD 68 After the Responsible Stakeholder, What? Debating America’s China Strategy Joshua W. Busby, PhD James Kraska, SJD Michael N. Schmitt, DLitt Hal Brands and Zack Cooper Robert Chesney, JD Stephen D. Krasner, PhD Jacob N. Shapiro, PhD Eliot Cohen, PhD Sarah Kreps, PhD Sandesh Sivakumaran, PhD 82 Crossroads: Counter-terrorism and the Internet Audrey Kurth Cronin, PhD Melvyn P. Leffler, PhD Sarah Snyder, PhD Brian Fishman Theo Farrell, PhD Fredrik Logevall, PhD Bartholomew Sparrow, PhD 102 The End of the End of History: Reimagining U.S. -
H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2014)
H-Diplo | ISSF Roundtable, Volume VII, No. 2 (2014) A production of H-Diplo with the journals Security Studies, International Security, Journal of Strategic Studies, and the International Studies Association’s Security Studies Section (ISSS). http://www.issforum.org H-Diplo/ISSF Editors: James McAllister and Diane Labrosse H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable and Web/Production Editor: George Fujii Commissioned for H-Diplo/ISSF by James McAllister Introduction by James McAllister Hal Brands. What Good is Grand Strategy: Power and Purpose in American Statecraft from Harry S. Truman to George W. Bush. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014. ISBN: 978-0- 8014-5246-8 (hardcover, $29.95). Published by H-Diplo/ISSF on 17 October 2014 Stable URL: http://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-Roundtable-7-2.pdf Contents Introduction by James McAllister, Williams College ................................................................ 2 Review by Francis J. Gavin, MIT ................................................................................................ 4 Review by Steven Metz, U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute ............................ 8 Review by Joshua Rovner, Southern Methodist University .................................................... 11 Author’s Response by Hal Brands, Duke University ............................................................... 18 © Copyright 2014 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable Reviews, Vol. VII, No. 2 -
Understanding Strategic Interaction in the Second Nuclear Age
UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC INTERACTION IN THE SECOND NUCLEAR AGE THOMAS G. MAHNKEN GILLIAN EVANS TOSHI YOSHIHARA ERIC S. EDELMAN JACK BIANCHI UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC INTERACTION IN THE SECOND NUCLEAR AGE THOMAS G. MAHNKEN GILLIAN EVANS TOSHI YOSHIHARA ERIC EDELMAN JACK BIANCHI 2019 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2019 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Thomas G. Mahnken is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. He is a Senior Research Professor at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and has served for over 20 years as an officer in the U.S. Navy Reserve, to include tours in Iraq and Kosovo. He currently serves as a member of the Congressionally-mandated National Defense Strategy Commission and as a member of the Board of Visitors of Marine Corps University. His previous government career includes service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy Planning from 2006–2009, where he helped craft the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review and 2008 National Defense Strategy. He served on the staff of the 2014 National Defense Panel, 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel, and the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. -
Hubble Heritage
VOL 18 ISSUE 03 Space Telescope Science Institute HubbleHubble Heritage:Heritage: Scowen and Brian Moore (ASU) NASA, (SCSU), Paul Donald Walter FromFrom InspirationInspiration toto RealizationRealization Keith Noll, [email protected] hances are you’ve seen some of our images. They are popping up support. More than a year of planning and team-building later, Hubble everywhere in textbooks, magazines, and online. Perhaps you’ve Heritage unveiled its first four images on October 21, 1998. In the first month used them in a lecture or maybe pinned one on your bulletin board. thereafter, our new web site recorded 14 million hits from people coming to You may be one of the 200,000 people who view our web site each view our images of the “Fried Egg” Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7742, a colorful field C of stars in Sagittarius near the center of the Milky Way, the wisps of the month or the millions more who see our monthly images in other venues. You may have even noticed an image credit to NASA/Hubble Heritage and Bubble Nebula, and Saturn’s classic rings. (http://heritage.stsci.edu) wondered briefly what that signified. Early on in our project, we settled on the pace of producing one new image Hubble Heritage is many things. It is an idea—an idea born in a holiday each month. We have attempted to include as broad and representative a conversation with relatives who wanted to know if I had worked on “that selection of astronomical objects as possible. We use both public, archival picture from Hubble”—Jeff Hester’s image of the Eagle Nebula, M16. -
Canvas and Cosmos: Visual Art Techniques Applied to Astronomy Data
March 14, 2017 0:27 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE EnglishJCanvasCos- mos International Journal of Modern Physics D c World Scientific Publishing Company Canvas and Cosmos: Visual Art Techniques Applied to Astronomy Data. JAYANNE ENGLISH∗ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada. Jayanne [email protected] Received Day Month Year Revised Day Month Year Bold colour images from telescopes act as extraordinary ambassadors for research astronomers because they pique the public's curiosity. But are they snapshots docu- menting physical reality? Or are we looking at artistic spacescapes created by digitally manipulating astronomy images? This paper provides a tour of how original black and white data, from all regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum, are converted into the colour images gracing popular magazines, numerous websites, and even clothing. The history and method of the technical construction of these images is outlined. However, the paper focuses on introducing the scientific reader to visual literacy (e.g. human per- ception) and techniques from art (e.g. composition, colour theory) since these techniques can produce not only striking but politically powerful public outreach images. When cre- ated by research astronomers, the cultures of science and visual art can be balanced and the image can illuminate scientific results sufficiently strongly that the images are also used in research publications. Included are reflections on how they could feedback into astronomy research endeavours and future forms of visualization as well as on the rele- vance of outreach images to visual art. (See the colour online version, in which figures can be enlarged, at http://xxxxxxx.) Keywords: astronomy; astrophysics; public outreach; image-making; visualization; colour theory; art arXiv:1703.04183v1 [astro-ph.IM] 12 Mar 2017 PACS numbers: 1. -
Not Yet Imagined: a Study of Hubble Space Telescope Operations
NOT YET IMAGINED A STUDY OF HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER GAINOR NOT YET IMAGINED NOT YET IMAGINED A STUDY OF HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER GAINOR National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Communications NASA History Division Washington, DC 20546 NASA SP-2020-4237 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gainor, Christopher, author. | United States. NASA History Program Office, publisher. Title: Not Yet Imagined : A study of Hubble Space Telescope Operations / Christopher Gainor. Description: Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Communications, NASA History Division, [2020] | Series: NASA history series ; sp-2020-4237 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Dr. Christopher Gainor’s Not Yet Imagined documents the history of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope (HST) from launch in 1990 through 2020. This is considered a follow-on book to Robert W. Smith’s The Space Telescope: A Study of NASA, Science, Technology, and Politics, which recorded the development history of HST. Dr. Gainor’s book will be suitable for a general audience, while also being scholarly. Highly visible interactions among the general public, astronomers, engineers, govern- ment officials, and members of Congress about HST’s servicing missions by Space Shuttle crews is a central theme of this history book. Beyond the glare of public attention, the evolution of HST becoming a model of supranational cooperation amongst scientists is a second central theme. Third, the decision-making behind the changes in Hubble’s instrument packages on servicing missions is chronicled, along with HST’s contributions to our knowledge about our solar system, our galaxy, and our universe. -
Copyright by Jonathan Reid Hunt 2013
Copyright by Jonathan Reid Hunt 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Jonathan Reid Hunt Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Into the Bargain: The Triumph and Tragedy of Nuclear Internationalism during the Mid-Cold War, 1958-1970 Committee: Henry W. Brands, Supervisor Mark A. Lawrence, Co-Supervisor Francis J. Gavin Bruce J. Hunt Charters S. Wynn Jeremi Suri Into the Bargain: The Triumph and Tragedy of Nuclear Internationalism during the mid-Cold War, 1958-1970 by Jonathan Reid Hunt, B.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2013 Dedication To my parents, Thomas and Laurie Hunt, and my brother, Tommy, whom I cherish, and whose unconditional support and passion for learning have lighted my path even when my candle burned low. Remember your humanity, and forget the rest. --Russell-Einstein Manifesto, 1955 Acknowledgements At this moment, I cannot help but think back to all those who made this work of scholarship possible. I am struck not only by how instrumental they have been, but how they have constantly made this journey as entertaining as it was challenging and rewarding. When I arrived in the Department of History at the University of Texas at Austin, I had only the faintest idea of what I wanted to study, and an even fainter appreciation for what academic history demanded. I was fortunate to find myself among a cohort of passionate fellow graduate students and under the tutelage of a faculty of warm, patient, and dedicated scholars. -
Curriculum Vitae (December 2020) Jayanne English
1/9 Curriculum Vitae (December 2020) Jayanne English Home Institution: Department of Physics and Astronomy Phone: +1-204-474-7105 University of Manitoba FAX: +1-204-474-7622 Winnipeg, Manitoba [email protected] Canada R3T 2N2 HTTP://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/∼english Citizenship: Canadian. Highlights Research Interests: Origin of structure within galaxies, including the formation of halos and other features around galaxies; galaxy kinematics; scientific data visualization. Positions Held Professor Positions: University of Manitoba, - Associate Professor Since Apr. 2005 - Assistant Professor July 2000 - Mar.2005 Unversity of Zurich (UZH) - Guest Professor Sept 2017 - June 2018 Post-Doctoral Positions: • Space Telescope • coordinate the Hubble Heritage Project 1998-2000 Science Institute • independent research in astronomy • Queen’s University • Canadian Galactic Plane Survey 1996-2000 • collaborative research in astronomy 1994-1998 Education • Australian National Ph. D. (Astronomy and Astrophysics) 1989-1994 University • University of Toronto B. Sc. (Physics & Astronomy Double 1984-1989 Specialist) • The Ontario College of • Diploma -A.O.C.A. (General Studies) 1980-1984 Art (and Design University) 2/9 Visiting Scholar (Research Leaves): • Unversity of Zurich • Institute of Computational Science. 09/2017- (UZH) • Host: George Lake; Education. 06/2018 • University of Oxford • Sub-Dept Astrophysics 07/2015 - • Host: Martin Bureau; Astronomy Research 07/2016 • Nottingham-Trent • Dept of Physics 06/2009 - University • Host: Haida Liang; Visualization Research 08/2009 • Australian National • RSSAA 02/2009 - University • Host: Ken Freeman; Astronomy Research 04/2009 • University of New • College of Fine Arts 01/2009 South Wales • Host: Brad Miller; Visualization Research • Australia Telescope • Galaxies Group 10/2008- National Facility • Host: Baerbel Koribalski; Astronomy 06/2009 Research Recognitions • Distinguished Visitorships: Visitorships that were invited and financially supported by the institutes are boldfaced in the Visiting Scholar table. -
World Order Power and Strategy.Pdf (9.473Mb)
Texas Volume 1, Issue 1 December 2017 Print: ISSN 2576-1021 National Online: ISSN 2576-1153 Security Review WORLD ORDER, POWER, & STRATEGY Volume 1 Issue 1 MASTHEAD Staff: Publisher: Managing Editor: Copy Editors: Ryan Evans Megan G. Oprea, PhD Autumn Brewington Sara Gebhardt, PhD Editor-in-Chief: Associate Editors: Katelyn Gough William Inboden, PhD Van Jackson, PhD Stephen Tankel, PhD Celeste Ward Gventer Editorial Board: Chair, Editorial Board: Editor-in-Chief: Francis J. Gavin, PhD William Inboden, PhD Robert J. Art, PhD Beatrice Heuser, PhD John Owen, PhD Richard Betts, PhD Michael C. Horowitz, PhD Thomas Rid, PhD John Bew, PhD Richard H. Immerman, PhD Joshua Rovner, PhD Nigel Biggar, PhD Robert Jervis, PhD Elizabeth N. Saunders, PhD Hal Brands, PhD Colin Kahl, PhD Kori Schake, PhD Joshua W. Busby, PhD Jonathan Kirshner, PhD Michael N. Schmitt, JD Robert Chesney, JD James Kraska, JD Jacob N. Shapiro, PhD Eliot Cohen, PhD Stephen D. Krasner, PhD Sandesh Sivakumaran, PhD Audrey Kurth Cronin, PhD Sarah Kreps, PhD Sarah Snyder, PhD Theo Farrell, PhD Melvyn P. Leffler, PhD Bartholomew Sparrow, PhD Peter D. Feaver, PhD Fredrik Logevall, PhD Monica Duffy Toft, PhD Rosemary Foot, PhD, FBA Margaret MacMillan, CC, PhD Marc Trachtenberg, PhD Taylor Fravel, PhD Thomas G. Mahnken, PhD René Värk, SJD Sir Lawrence Freedman, PhD Rose McDermott, PhD Steven Weber, PhD James Goldgeier, PhD Paul D. Miller, PhD Amy Zegart, PhD Michael J. Green, PhD Vipin Narang, PhD Kelly M. Greenhill, PhD Janne E. Nolan, PhD Policy and Strategy Advisory Board: Chair: Adm. William McRaven, Ret. Hon. Elliott Abrams, JD Hon. -
Best Practices for Sustainable Operations at the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site
C O R P O R A T I O N Good Seeing Best Practices for Sustainable Operations at the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site Lisa Ruth Rand, Dave Baiocchi For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1097 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9170-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site (AMOS) is located on top of Haleakala on the island of Maui, Hawaii. -
The Influence of Social Movements on Space Astronomy Policy
The Influence of Social Movements on Space Astronomy Policy The cases of “Hubble Huggers”, JWST’s “Science Warriors” and the ISEE-3 “Reboot Team” Hannah E. Harrisa,b & Pedro Russoa aLeiden University, the Netherlands, Email: [email protected] bWellesley College, the United States Accepted for publication in Space Policy journal (http://www.journals.elsevier.com/spacepolicy/) Abstract Public engagement (PE) initiatives can lead to a long term public support of science. However most of the real impact of PE initiatives within the context of longterm science policy is not completely understood. An examination of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb Space Telescope, and International Sun/Earth Explorer 3 reveal how large grassroots movements led by citizen scientists and space aficionados can have profound effects on public policy. We explore the role and relevance of public grassroots movements in the policy of space astronomy initiatives, present some recent cases which illustrate policy decisions involving broader interest groups, and consider new avenues of PE including crowdfunding and crowdsourcing. 1. Introduction The role of public opinion on space policy has dramatically evolved over the last halfcentury. The public movements discussed here illustrate a trend away from the “technocratic” view that the public is an obstacle to progress [1]. Rather, within the framework of NASAled spacetelescope missions, a new model is forming in which the “power of the people” slowly approaches that of the government. The relationship between science, technology, and the public is complex. The innovations resulting from space exploration, research, and development are not only generally accepted, but taken for granted, by the public [2].