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ACD Fotocanvas Print 生 态 学 报 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 SHENGTAI XUEBAO 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 ( ) 摇 摇 第 32 卷 第 20 期摇 摇 2012 年 10 月摇 ( 半月刊) 目 次 摇 摇 太湖流域源头溪流氧化亚氮( )释放特征 袁淑方,王为东 N2 O …………………………………………… (6279) 闽江河口湿地植物枯落物立枯和倒伏分解主要元素动态 曾从盛,张林海,王天鹅,等 ………………… (6289) 宁夏荒漠草原小叶锦鸡儿可培养内生细菌多样性及其分布特征 代金霞,王玉炯 ……………………… (6300) 陕西省栎黄枯叶蛾蛹的空间分布 章一巧,宗世祥,刘永华,等 …………………………………………… (6308) 模拟喀斯特生境条件下干旱胁迫对青冈栎苗木的影响 张中峰,尤业明,黄玉清,等 …………………… (6318) 中国井冈山生态系统多样性 陈宝明,林真光,李 贞,等 ………………………………………………… 摇 (6326) 鄂西南木林子常绿落叶阔叶混交林恢复过程中优势树种生态位动态 汤景明,艾训儒,易咏梅,等 …… (6334) 不同增温处理对夏蜡梅光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响 徐兴利, 金则新,何维明,等 …………… (6343) 模拟长期大风对木本猪毛菜表观特征的影响 南 江,赵晓英,余保峰 ………………………………… 摇 (6354) 雷竹林土壤和叶片 、 化学计量特征对林地覆盖的响应 郭子武,陈双林,杨清平,等 N P ……………… (6361) 利用树木年轮重建赣南地区 年以来 — 月份温度的变化 曹受金,曹福祥,项文化 1890 2 3 …………… (6369) 川西亚高山草甸土壤呼吸的昼夜变化及其季节动态 胡宗达,刘世荣,史作民,等 火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽和落叶松 苔草沼泽凋落…物…和…土…壤…碳…储…量…的…影响 (6376) 鄄 ………………………………… 周文昌,牟长城,刘 夏,等 …………………………………………………………………………… 摇 (6387) 黄土丘陵区三种典型退耕还林地土壤固碳效应差异 佟小刚,韩新辉,吴发启,等 ……………………… (6396) 岩质公路边坡生态恢复土壤特性与植物多样性 潘树林,辜 彬,李家祥 ……………………………… 摇 (6404) 坡位对东灵山辽东栎林土壤微生物量的影响 张 地,张育新,曲来叶,等 ……………………………… 摇 (6412) 太湖流域典型入湖港口景观格局对河流水质的影响 王 瑛,张建锋,陈光才,等 基于多角度基尼系数的江西省资源环境公平性研究……………………… 摇 黄和平 (6422) …………………………………………… (6431) 中国土地利用空间格局动态变化模拟———以规划情景为例 孙晓芳,岳天祥,范泽孟 世界主要国家耕地动态变化及其影响因素 ………………… 赵文武 (6440) ……………………………………………………… (6452) 不同氮源下好氧反硝化菌 Defluvibacter lusatiensis 的脱氮特性 肖继波,江惠霞,褚淑祎 str. DN7 ……… (6463) 基于生态足迹方法的南京可持续发展研究 周 静,管卫华 ……………………………………………… 摇 (6471) 基于投入产出方法的甘肃省水足迹及虚拟水贸易研究 蔡振华,沈来新,刘俊国,等 …………………… (6481) 浦江县土壤碱解氮的空间变异与农户 投入的关联分析 方 斌,吴金凤,倪绍祥 长江河口潮间带盐沼植被分布区及邻近N光滩鱼类组成特征…………………… 摇 童春富 (6489) …………………………………… (6501) 深圳湾不同生境湿地大型底栖动物次级生产力的比较研究 周福芳,史秀华,邱国玉,等 ……………… (6511) 灰斑古毒蛾口腔反吐物诱导沙冬青细胞 2+ 内流及 积累 高海波,张淑静,沈应柏 Ca H2 O2 …………… (6520) 濒危物种金斑喙凤蝶的行为特征及其对生境的适应性 曾菊平,周善义,丁 健,等 …………………… 摇 (6527) 细叶榕榕小蜂群落结构及动态变化 吴文珊,张彦杰,李凤玉,等 专论与综述 ………………………………………… (6535) 流域生态系统补偿机制研究进展 张志强 ,程 莉 ,尚海洋,等 ………………………………………… 摇 (6543) 可持续消费的内涵及研究进展———产业生态学视角 刘晶茹,刘瑞权,姚 亮 ………………………… 摇 (6553) 工业水足迹评价与应用 贾 佳,严 岩,王辰星,等 ……………………………………………………… 摇 摇 (6558) 矿区生态风险评价研究述评 潘雅婧,王仰麟,彭 建,等 研究简报 ………………………………………………… 摇 (6566) 围封条件下荒漠草原 种典型植物群落枯落物枯落量及其蓄积动态 李学斌,陈 林,张硕新,等 4 …… 摇 (6575) 密度和种植方式对夏玉米酶活性和产量的影响 李洪岐,蔺海明,梁书荣,等 期刊基本参数: …………………………… (6584) CN 11鄄2031 / Q*1981*m*16*312*zh*P* ￥ 70郾 00*1510*35*2012鄄10 封室面室图室说室:室草室丛室中的室朱室鹮室室室朱室鹮室有着鸟中 东方宝石 之称 洁白的羽毛 艳红的头冠和黑色的长嘴 加上细长的双脚 朱鹮 历来被日本皇室——视—为圣鸟 世“纪前朱鹮在冶中国。东部 日本 俄罗, 斯 朝鲜等地曾有较广泛地, 分布 由于环境恶,化等 因素导致种群数量急剧下。降20至 世纪 年代野外已、认为无、 踪影 、 年 月 中国鸟类学家经, 多年考察 在陕 西省洋县重新发现朱鹮种群,一共20只有 7只0 也是世界上仅存的种群。 198此1后对5 朱鹮, 的保护和科学研究做了大,量工 作 并于 年在世界首次人, 工孵化成7功 , 。 , 1989 。 彩图提供: 陈建伟教授 北京林业大学 摇 摇 E鄄mail: cites. chenjw@ 163. com 第 卷第 期 生 态 学 报 32 20 Vol. 32,No. 20 年 月 2012 10 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Oct. ,2012 DOI: 10. 5846 / stxb201205090675 曾菊平 周善义 丁健 罗保庭 覃琨 濒危物种金斑喙凤蝶的行为特征及其对生境的适应性 生态学报 , , , , . ,2012,32(20):6527鄄 6534. 1,* Teinopalpus aureus Zeng Juping , Zhou S Y, Ding J, Luo B T, Qin K. Behavior characteristics and habitat adaptabilities of the endangered butterfly in Mount Dayao. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(20):6527鄄 6534. 濒危物种金斑喙凤蝶的行为特征及其对生境的适应性 , 曾菊平1 *,周善义2 ,丁 健3 ,罗保庭4 ,覃 琨4 江西农业大学林学院 南昌 摇 广西师范大学生命科学院 桂摇林 (1. , 摇 330045;2. , 摇 541004; 武汉生物工程学院 武汉 广西大瑶山国家级自然保护区管理局 来宾 3. , 摇 430415;4. , 摇 545700) 摘要:金斑喙凤蝶 Teinopalpus aureus 年被 列为红色名录种 年被我国列为一级保护种 此后便日益受到人们关 ( )1985 IUCN ,1989 , 注 然而 至今为止对其野外生存 行为及生境适应等认识仍很模糊 在广西金秀县大瑶山设定 个研究区域 以线路调查法计 , , 、 。 4 , 数成虫与幼期个体数 定点跟踪观察法记录成虫交配行为 产卵行为 幼虫取食行为等 结果显示 金斑喙凤蝶主要在湿季 , 、 、 。 : 月底 月降水量 生长 发育与繁殖后代 金斑喙凤蝶在行为上表现出对温度的主动选择性 幼虫在 (4—10 , >50 mm) 、 。 , 17—24 益 时取食行为活跃 雄蝶在 时山顶行为活跃 均表现出中温选择性 然而 雌蝶多选择在正午时刻产卵 期间温度为 , 19—26 益 , ; , , 表现出高温选择性 雄蝶活动对生境地形表现出主动选择性 n 的雄蝶选择飞向山顶 他 27—30 益 , 。 ,(87. 34依7. 58)% ( = 339) , 们每日上午 至 在山顶聚集 绕圈飞行或停息 而以山顶停息为主 占山顶活动时间的 雄蝶通常 6:00 11:00 , , , (77. 87依19. 32)% 。 停息在山顶的高枝位叶片上或山顶周缘的叶片上 以便迅速发现并拦截飞经的雌蝶 获得交配机会 因而 金斑喙凤蝶在交配 , , 。 , 策略上主要采取雄蝶等候的方式 停息期间 雄蝶表现出明显的占区行为 首先停息在某一区域的雄蝶在领域权竞争中通常都 。 , , 是最后的胜利者 赢得领域 获得更多交配机会 野外观察发现 金斑喙凤蝶的天敌种类较多 野外存活率偏低 最后羽化率仅 , , 。 , , , 为 n 对于存活个体而言 他们已明显进化形成一套复杂的防御体系 主要包括由保护色 颜色拟态 形状拟态等 38. 9% ( = 20)。 , , 、 、 组建的初级防御体系和由眼斑展示 身体晃动 腺伸出等组建的次级防御体系 另外 老熟幼虫多选择在林下层的灌木丛或 、 、Y鄄 。 , 竹丛的隐蔽枝条上化蛹 化蛹高度为 n 这种对化蛹场所的主动选择行为可提高其蛹期的防御能力 研 , (1. 82依1. 58) m ( = 20), 。 究结果说明 在自然选择作用下 金斑喙凤蝶对其阔叶林生境的适应性行为特征非常明显 然而 生境破坏 砍伐等 或人类强 , , , , ( ) 度干扰 林下层垦殖等 将使这些适应性行为失效 并威胁到该珍稀蝴蝶种群的繁衍生息 甚至导致局部灭绝的发生 ( ) , , 。 关键词:金斑喙凤蝶 野外研究 行为 温度 交配策略 适应性 ; ; ; ; ; Behavior characteristics and habitat adaptabilities of the endangered butterfly Teinopalpus aureus in Mount Dayao 1,* 2 3 4 4 ZENG Juping , ZHOU Shanyi , DING Jian , LUO Baoting , QIN Kun College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang China 1 , , 330045, College of Life Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin China 2 , , 541004, Wuhan Bioengineering Institute Wuhan China 3 , 430415, Administration Bureau of Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve Laibing China 4 , 545700, Abstract Teinopalpus aureus : was listed as a protected species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 1985, and a Chinese first鄄class protected species since 1989. It is concerned increasingly by people throughout the world. However, we now still unknown its field status, habitat adaptabilities etc. In this study, we selected four sites in Dayaoshan, Guangxi Province, China, to count adult and early stages ( egg, larva and pupa) by the method of route survey, and to 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 湖北省自然科学基金项目 (31160430鄄C040501); (2009CDZ034) 收稿日期: 修订日期: 2012鄄 05鄄 09; 摇 摇 2012鄄 08鄄 20 通讯作者 * Corresponding author. E鄄mail: zengjupingjxau@ 163. com http: / / www. ecologica. cn 生 态 学 报 卷 6528 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 32 摇 T. record its mating, ovipositing and feeding behaviors by the method of on鄄site tracking observation. Results showed that aureus grew in wet season ( from April to October, with > 50mm / month in precipitation). This butterfly showed active selectivity to temperature, which larvae fed actively during 17益 to 24益 , and males hilltoped actively during 19益 to 26益 , while females preferred to oviposit at noon when temperature was relatively high, during 27益 to 30益 . Males showed n topographically choice behavior, and (87. 34依7. 58)% of males ( = 339) preferred to fly up hilltops ( not hillsides) in surveys. They aggregated there during 6:00am to 11:00am, flying or perching, and spent (77. 87依19. 32)% of time in the latter. Moreover, males always perched on those leaves located high branches or the edges of hilltop, where they “waiting冶 for females to obtain mating opportunity and showed the type of “perching冶 in mating strategy. Males showed territoriality while perching on hilltops, and often, who firstly perched in a domain would be the last winner in male鄄male competition T. aureus over territorial ownership. This study also showed that had a high mortality in field, and the rate of pupa n emergence was only 38. 9% ( = 20). As for the survivals, a complicated defense system was observed, including the primary defense system (protective or cryptic color, color or shape mimicry etc. ) and the second defense system (ocular鄄 spot demonstrating, body swaying, yellow Y鄄gland stretching etc. ). Moreover, the fully matured larva preferred to pupate under a cluster of leave in bushes or bamboo graves in the under鄄story of forest, and the height of pupation site was (1. 82依 n T. aureus 1. 58)m ( = 20). Our results suggest that evolve some specific behaviors to adapt the specific habitat of broad鄄 leaves forest under the pressure of nature selectivity. However, habitat destructions ( e. g. felling) or interference ( e. g. T. aureus the under鄄story忆s reclamation) might make more individuals of fail to live, and then threat the endangered butterfly忆s population, or even lead to the extinction of local population. Key Words Teinopalpus aureus : ; field study; behavior; temperature; mating strategy; adaptability 蝴蝶为鳞翅目 昆虫 具有色彩鲜艳或透明的翅 被称为 生命之宝石 但其色彩鲜艳不只 (Lepidoptera) , , “ 冶。 是用来炫耀 展示 更可用于伪装和防御[1鄄2] 在 亿年的生存进化中[1, 3] 蝴蝶形成了多种适应性行为 表 、 , 。 2. 5 , , 现在产卵 求 偶 防 御 等 方 面 例 如 无 毒 金 斑 蛱 蝶 Hypolimnas misippus 能 模 拟 有 毒 金 斑 蝶 Danaus 、 、 。 , ( ) ( chrysippus 翅面斑纹来防御天敌[1, 4] 近些年 有关昆虫行为的研究日益增多 如昆虫产卵 取食 繁殖等研 ) 。 , , 、 、 究[5鄄6] 但是 有关蝴蝶的行为与适应性研究较少[7鄄9] 求偶 山顶 [7] 防御等行为及其适应性的 。 , , 、 (Hilltopping) 、 研究实例不多[8鄄9] 当前 国内有关蝴蝶的研究工作也多在资源调查 分类 生物学特性等方面 对行为与适 。 , 、 、 , 应 生态与保护[10鄄11] 等研究较为缺乏 、 。 金斑喙凤蝶 Teinopalpus aureus 为典型高山种 对生境有特殊要求 我们推测其在行为上也应与之相适 ( ) , , 应 该蝴蝶自从 年被 列入红色名录 又于 年被我国列为一级保护种以后 如今已备受关注 。 1985 IUCN , 1989 , 。 然而 对其野外生态 行为的认识仍很模糊 相关研究较少[11] 为此 本研究以广西大瑶山种群为研究对象 , 、 , 。 , , 选取 个研究区域 采用线路调查 定点跟踪观察法研究该蝶的生态行为特征 并结合生境特点分析其对环境 4 , 、 , 的适应 。 1摇 材料与方法 1 1摇 研究地点与对象 . 野外观察设在广西大瑶山 位于中国西南部广西金秀县 当地海 (N23毅40忆—24毅24忆,E109毅50忆—110毅27忆), 。 拔高度在 地形落差大 环境复杂多样 该山体在两亿年前形成 第四纪冰期没有出现冰盖 亚 110—1979 m, , 。 , , 热带森林生态系统发育完好 为许多古老物种如银杉 Cathaya argyrophylla 桫椤 Alsophila spinulosa 鳄蜥 , ( )、 ( )、 Shinisaurus crocodilurus 等提供了避难所 大瑶山南端接近北回归线 距南海和北部湾 多公里 深受东南 ( ) 。 , 200 , 季风影响 属亚热带季风气候类型 冬暖夏凉 年平均气温 年降水量 年蒸发量 , 。 , 17 益 , 1823. 9 mm, 1203 mm, 相对湿度 其降雨主要集中在 月份 占全年的 其他月份平均降雨量不足 表现出明 83% 。 5—9 , 71. 6% , 60 mm, 显的干季 湿季交替发生的现象 图 、 ( 1)。 http: / / www. ecologica. cn 期 曾菊平 等 濒危物种金斑喙凤蝶的行为特征及其对生境的适应性 摇 20 摇 摇 摇 摇 : 摇 6529 年 大瑶山科学考察中首次发现金斑喙凤蝶的分布 此后 据当地保护区工作人员介绍 每年 1981 , 。 , , 4、5 月份都能在几个观察点看到该蝶 本次研究 就从这些观察点中选取 个 加上其周边环境作为我们的研究 。 , 4 , 区域 定名为 和 每个研究区域相距 以上 面积 2 海拔 , Site 1、Site 2、Site 3 Site 4, 1 km 。 Site 1 0. 62 km , 1300 m 至 坡 度 至 含 个 山 顶 西 北 面 为 壳 斗 科 栲 属 Castanopsis 青 冈 属 1645 m, 30毅 67毅, 4 , 、 ( Fagaceae ) ( )、 Cyclobalanopsis 樟科 与木兰科 等组成的常绿阔叶林 东 南面为竹丛或草丛 山 ( )、 (Lauraceae) (Magnoliaceae) , 、 , 顶区为竹丛 矮林 面积 2 海拔 至 坡度 至 主要为山谷与缓坡 多为常绿 、 ;Site 2 0. 84 km , 1100 m 1500 m, 20毅 48毅, , 阔叶林所覆盖 下层林以竹林或竹丛为主 区域外周为公路所环绕 面积 2 海拔 至 , , ;Site 3 0. 72 km , 1000 m 1345 坡度 至 含 个山顶 东南面为斑块状分布的常绿阔叶林 西 北 东北 西南面为荒山草地或人工垦 m, 22毅 49毅, 2 , , 、 、 、 殖区 如八角等经济苗木区 一个山顶近邻林区 为银木荷 Schima argentea 小果南烛 Lyonia
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    Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2010, 6 172 International Journal of Biological Sciences 2010; 6(2):172-186 © Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved Research Paper The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Fang Liao1,2, Lin Wang3, Song Wu4, Yu-Ping Li4, Lei Zhao1, Guo-Ming Huang2, Chun-Jing Niu2, Yan-Qun Liu4, , Ming-Gang Li1, 1. College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China 2. Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin 300457, China 3. Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing 101113, China 4. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110866, China Corresponding author: Y. Q. Liu, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110866, China; Tel: 86-24-88487163; E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: M. G. Li, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tel: 86-22-23508237; E-mail: [email protected]. Received: 2010.02.03; Accepted: 2010.03.26; Published: 2010.03.29 Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was determined. The genome is a circular molecule 15 481 bp long. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced lepidopteran mitogenomes, but differs from the insect ancestral type for the placement of tRNAMet. The nucleotide composition of the genome is also highly A + T biased, accounting for 80.38%, with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.010), indicating the occurrence of more As than Ts, as found in the Noctuoidea species. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon as observed in other le- pidopterans.
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  • Healthy Planet, Healthy People Guide
    HEALTHY PLANET, HEALTHY PEOPLE A Guide to Human Health and Biodiversity UNEP, 2011-2012 declared “Year of the Bat” Bats provide a range of biodiversity benefits to humans … New drug synthesized from vampire bat saliva in development … Could help stroke victims … SAN FRANCISCO, Sep. 6, 2012 … Yosemite National Park … hantavirus warning … 22,000 visitors may have been exposed to deadly mouse-borne disease … confirmed cases growing “Healthy people are better able to learn, be productive and contribute to their communities. At the same time, a healthy environment is a prerequisite for good health.” Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization, 22 June 2012 Healthy Planet Healthy People: A Guide to Human Health and Biodiversity (This page is intentionally left blank) Citation: It is suggested this Guide be cited as: Bridgewater, Peter; Régnier, Mathieu; and Wang Zhen. (2012). HEALTHY PLANET, HEALTHY PEOPLE ‐ A Guide to Human Health and Biodiversity. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. ACKOWLEDGEMENTS: Alice Barbe, Kathryn Campbell, David Cooper and a number of reviewers who all provided helpful comments and examples. Photo credits (alphabetical order of photographer): P39 bushmeat picture © E.Bennett/WCS, 2009 P47 © Boréalis, 2009 P29, 56, 60, 61 © Peter Bridgewater P39 H5N1 virus © Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America Government P9, 48, 52 © Christine Estrada P13, 15, 30, 52,58 (marine fresco) © Mathieu Régnier P58 © Urbainculteurs, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
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  • 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
    The lUCN Species Survival Commission 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre PADU - MGs COPY DO NOT REMOVE lUCN The World Conservation Union lo-^2^ 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lUCN WORLD CONSERVATION Tile World Conservation Union species susvival commission monitoring centre WWF i Suftanate of Oman 1NYZ5 TTieWlLDUFE CONSERVATION SOCIET'' PEOPLE'S TRISr BirdLife 9h: KX ENIUNGMEDSPEaES INTERNATIONAL fdreningen Chicago Zoulog k.J SnuicTy lUCN - The World Conservation Union lUCN - The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique world partnership: some 770 members in all, spread across 123 countries. - As a union, I UCN exists to serve its members to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts, strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals. Through its six Commissions, lUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups. A central secretariat coordinates the lUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources, as well as providing a range of services. The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies, and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises. Operations are increasingly decentralised and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices, located principally in developing countries. I UCN - The World Conservation Union seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting Improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world.
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  • Inventory of Environmental Work in China
    INVENTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL WORK IN CHINA In this fifth issue of the China Environment Series, the Inventory of Environmental Work in China has been updated and we made extra effort to add many new groups, especially in the Chinese organization section. To better highlight the growing number of U.S. universities and professional associations active in China we have created a separate section. In the past inventories we have gathered information from U.S. government agencies; from this year forward we will be inventorying the work done by other governments as well. This inventory aims to paint a clearer picture of the patterns of aid and investment in environmental protection and energy-efficiency projects in the People’s Republic of China. We highlight a total of 118 organizations and agencies in this inventory and provide information on 359 projects. The five categories of the inventory are listed below: Part I (p. 138): United States Government Activities (15 agencies/organizations, 103 projects) Part II (p. 163): U.S. and International NGO Activities (33 organizations, 91 projects) Part III (p. 190): U.S. Universities and Professional Association Activities (9 institutions, 27 projects) Part IV (p. 196): Chinese and Hong Kong NGO and GONGO Activities (50 organizations, 61 projects) Part V (p. 212): Bilateral Government Activities (11 agencies/organizations, 77 projects) Since we have expanded the inventory, even more people than last year contributed to the creation of this inventory. We are grateful to all of those in U.S. government agencies, international and Chinese nongovernmental organizations, universities, as well as representatives in foreign embassies who generously gave their time to compile and summarize the information their organizations and agencies undertake in China.
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  • African Butterfly News Is Being Circulated a Bit Earlier Than Usual, As I Will Be Away from 25 April to 15 May
    MAY 2019 EDITION: ABN 2019 - 3 AFRICAN (MARCH AND APRIL 2019) BUTTERFLY THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA NEWS LATEST NEWS Welcome to May’s newsletter! May’s edition of African Butterfly News is being circulated a bit earlier than usual, as I will be away from 25 April to 15 May. If anyone has any photographs or trip reports from late April, please send them to me ([email protected]) and they will be included in July’s newsletter. While butterfly numbers do seem a little better than last year (refer to BUTTERFLY INDEX), it’s been another tough season with no sightings whatsoever of two of our Critically Endangered species, the Waterberg Copper (Erikssonia edgei) and Brenton Blue (Orachrysops niobe). I have a sense that our night-flying lepidoptera are faring even worse, possibly a result of light pollution, in addition to the other damaging influences. On a more positive note, there have been some good records from KwaZulu-Natal in recent months, such as the Deceptive Diadem (Hypolimnas deceptor deceptor) and Bicoloured Paradise Skipper (Abantis bicolor) from Krantzkloof, Millar’s Buff (Deloneura millari millari) from Fawn Leas and Zulu Buff (Teriomima zuluana) from Manguzi. In addition, a new locality for Atlantic Yellow Skolly (Thestor dicksoni malagas) was found at Jacob’s Bay (refer to REGIONAL ROUNDUP). Caterpillar Rearing Group meeting and workshop The Caterpillar Rearing Group (CRG) and LepSoc Africa held a workshop at Krantzkloof Nature Reserve on Saturday 6 April. Hermann Staude has undertaken a series of talks around South Africa, to promote the CRG and to inform the public about what has been achieved and what it hopes to accomplish in future.
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  • Flügel Hinter Glas
    Flügel hinter Glas Der Insektenhandel in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) von Peter Schütz Europe - Deutschland WWF Deutschland Herausgegeben von TRAFFIC-Europe/Umweltstiftung WWF-Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main © Copyright: TRAFFIC-Europe/ Umweltstiftung WWF-Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, 2000 TRAFFIC © Copyright bei WWF-International, Gland Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des Herausgebers und unter Nen- nung von TRAFFIC-Europe. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Meinungen und Aussa- gen sind jeweils mit Quellenangaben versehen oder Be- obachtungen des Autors. Sie stellen nicht notwendiger- weise die Meinung von TRAFFIC, WWF oder IUCN dar. Die innerhalb dieser Arbeit verwendeten Bezeichnungen von geographischen Gebieten, Staaten, Ländern und Ter- ritorien stellen nicht die Haltung von TRAFFIC, noch die einer TRAFFIC unterstützendenOrganisation zum rechtli- chen Status eines Gebietes, Staates, Landes oder Territo- rium dar. TRAFFIC ist ein gemeinsames Programm von WWF und IUCN. Viele Projekte des TRAFFIC Programms benötigen finanzielle Unterstützung. Um aktuelle Informationen über den Bedarf für das TRAFFIC Programm zu erhalten, und für weitere Informationen wenden Sie sich bitte an unsere Adresse auf der Rückseite. Empfohlenes Zitat: Schütz, P. (2000). Flügel hinter Glas – Der Insektenhan- del in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). TRAFFIC-Europe/Um- weltstiftung WWF-Deutschland. ISBN 3-00-006097-9 Impressum
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  • And Libythea Celtis (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Genomics Volume 2013, Article ID 491636, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/491636 Research Article Complete Mitogenomes of Euploea mulciber (Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications Jiasheng Hao,1,2 Minge´ Sun,1 Qinghui Shi,1 Xiaoyan Sun,2 Lili Shao,1 and Qun Yang2 1 Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jiasheng Hao; [email protected] and Qun Yang; [email protected] Received 27 November 2012; Accepted 13 December 2012 Academic Editors: B. Antonio and S. N. Shchelkunov Copyright © 2013 Jiasheng Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two butterfly species Euploea mulciber (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) were determined in this study, comprising 15,166 bp and 15,164 bp, respectively. The orientation and the gene order of the two mitogenomes are identical to those of most of the other lepidopteran species. All protein-coding genes of Euploea mulciber and Libythea celtis mitogenomes start with a typical ATN codon with the exception of COI gene which uses CGA as its initial codon. All tRNA genes possess the typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN), which has a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem.
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  • Butterfly Conservation in China: from Science to Action
    insects Review Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action 1,2, 3, 4 4 Wen-Ling Wang y, Daniel O. Suman y , Hui-Hong Zhang , Zhen-Bang Xu , 5 1,2, , Fang-Zhou Ma and Shao-Ji Hu * y 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; [email protected] 4 School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] (H.-H.Z.); [email protected] (Z.-B.X.) 5 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the P.R.C., Nanjing 210042, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally. y Received: 23 August 2020; Accepted: 22 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Simple Summary: Butterflies provide numerous ecological and socio-economic services and are important indicator species. China is home to over 2000 species of butterflies and in recent years has elevated biodiversity conservation on the national agenda. This manuscript reviews China’s butterfly conservation efforts and its legal and policy frameworks. We note some of the current limitations in butterfly conservation (inappropriate listing of protected species; over-reliance on inventories, rather than holistic research) and offer numerous recommendations to improve conservation efforts. Our recommendations include those related to integration of scientific data into policy (designation of scientifically-based protected areas; development of appropriate criteria for classifying protected species; use of umbrella species for conservation purposes), adoption of butterfly-friendly land use policies in rural and urban areas, butterfly ranching and farming, use of citizen science to improve data collection, and enhanced public outreach and environmental education campaigns.
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  • Life History, Life Table, Habitat, and Conservation of Byasa Impediens (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
    ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Volume 26, Issue 10, October 2006 Online English edition of the Chinese language journal Cite this article as: Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(10), 3184−3197. RESEARCH PAPER Life history, life table, habitat, and conservation of Byasa impediens (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) 1,2,3 1, 2 4 Li Xiushan , Zhang Yalin *, Luo Youqing , SETTELE Josef 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education of China, Entomological Museum of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China 2 Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 3 Station of Forest Pests and Diseases Control and Quarantine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730050, China 4 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany Abstract: This article investigates the biology of Byasa impediens, presenting its life-table data and analyzing its habitat require- ments and the key factors threatening the survival of this species. This study also aims to detect specific protection methods to guarantee the long-term survival of Byasa impediens in Baishuijiang Reserve. Byasa impediens is bivoltine in Baishuijiang Reserve. The pupae overwinter on shrubs or on branches of trees. The eclosion of the first generation starts in mid-April. The adults of the first generation emerge in large numbers in mid-late May, and the second generation emerges from late June to mid-July. The two generations overlap. The adult males emerge 7–10 days earlier than the adult females.
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  • Complete Mitogenomes of Euploea Mulciber (Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea Celtis (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Genomics Volume 2013, Article ID 491636, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/491636 Research Article Complete Mitogenomes of Euploea mulciber (Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications Jiasheng Hao,1,2 Minge´ Sun,1 Qinghui Shi,1 Xiaoyan Sun,2 Lili Shao,1 and Qun Yang2 1 Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jiasheng Hao; [email protected] and Qun Yang; [email protected] Received 27 November 2012; Accepted 13 December 2012 Academic Editors: B. Antonio and S. N. Shchelkunov Copyright © 2013 Jiasheng Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two butterfly species Euploea mulciber (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) were determined in this study, comprising 15,166 bp and 15,164 bp, respectively. The orientation and the gene order of the two mitogenomes are identical to those of most of the other lepidopteran species. All protein-coding genes of Euploea mulciber and Libythea celtis mitogenomes start with a typical ATN codon with the exception of COI gene which uses CGA as its initial codon. All tRNA genes possess the typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN), which has a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem.
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  • A Review of the Occurrence and Diversity of the Sphragis in Butterflies
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 694: 41–70 (2017)A review of the occurrence and diversity of the sphragis in butterflies... 41 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.694.13097 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A review of the occurrence and diversity of the sphragis in butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) Ana Paula S. Carvalho1,2, Albert G. Orr3, Akito Y. Kawahara1,2 1 Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States 2 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611 United States 3 Environmental Futures Rese- arch Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia Corresponding author: Ana Paula S. Carvalho ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Simonsen | Received 6 April 2017 | Accepted 7 August 2017 | Published 29 August 2017 http://zoobank.org/6C1FA2F3-C274-4652-A1FA-D5C8570C4ABA Citation: Carvalho APS, Orr AG, Kawahara AY (2017) A review of the occurrence and diversity of the sphragis in butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys 694: 41–70.https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.694.13097 Abstract Males of many butterfly species secrete long-lasting mating plugs to prevent their mates from copulating with other males, thus ensuring their sperm will fertilize all future eggs laid. Certain species have fur- ther developed a greatly enlarged, often spectacular, externalized plug, termed a sphragis. This distinctive structure results from complex adaptations in both male and female genitalia and is qualitatively distinct from the amorphous, internal mating plugs of other species. Intermediate conditions between internal plug and external sphragis are rare.
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  • Mitogenomic Sequences Effectively Recover Relationships Within Brush-Footed Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    Wu et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:468 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/15/468 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mitogenomic sequences effectively recover relationships within brush-footed butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Li-Wei Wu1*, Li-Hung Lin1, David C Lees2 and Yu-Feng Hsu3 Abstract Background: Mitogenomic phylogenies have revealed well-supported relationships for many eukaryote groups. In the order Lepidoptera, 113 species mitogenomes had been sequenced (May 14, 2014). However, these data are restricted to ten of the forty-three recognised superfamilies, while it has been challenging to recover large numbers of mitogenomes due to the time and cost required for primer design and sequencing. Nuclear rather than mitochondrial genes have been preferred to reconstruct deep-level lepidopteran phylogenies, without seriously evaluating the potential of entire mitogenomes. Next-generation sequencing methods remove these limitations by providing efficiently massive amounts of sequence data. In the present study, we simultaneously obtained a large number of nymphalid butterfly mitogenomes to evaluate the utility of mitogenomic phylogenies by comparing reconstructions to the now quite well established phylogeny of Nymphalidae. Results: We newly obtained 30 nymphalid mitogenomes via pyrosequencing on the Roche 454 GS Junior system, and combined these sequences with publicly accessible data to provide a 70-taxa dataset covering 37 genes for a 15,495 bp alignment. Polymorphic sites were not homogeneously distributed across the gene. Two gene regions, nad6 and 3’ end of nad5, were most variable, whereas the cox1 and 5’ ends of rrnL were most conserved. Phylogenetic relationships inferred by two likelihood methods were congruent and strongly supported (>0.95 posterior probability; ML bootstrap >85%), across the majority of nodes for multiple partitioning strategies and substitution models.
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