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TIES of the TUDORS the Influence of Margaret Beaufort and Her Web of Relations on the Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership
TIES OF THE TUDORS The Influence of Margaret Beaufort and her Web of Relations on the Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership P.V. Smolders Student Number: 1607022 Research Master Thesis, August 2016 Supervisor: Dr. Liesbeth Geevers Leiden University, Institute for History Ties of the Tudors The Influence of Margaret Beaufort and her Web of Relations on the Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership. Pauline Vera Smolders Student number 1607022 Breestraat 7 / 2311 CG Leiden Tel: 06 50846696 E-mail: [email protected] Research Master Thesis: Europe, 1000-1800 August 2016 Supervisor: Dr. E.M. Geevers Second reader: Prof. Dr. R. Stein Leiden University, Institute for History Cover: Signature of Margaret Beaufort, taken from her first will, 1472. St John’s Archive D56.195, Cambridge University. 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations 3 Introduction 4 1 Kinship Networks 11 1.1 The Beaufort Family 14 1.2 Marital Families 18 1.3 The Impact of Widowhood 26 1.4 Conclusion 30 2 Patronage Networks 32 2.1 Margaret’s Household 35 2.2 The Court 39 2.3 The Cambridge Network 45 2.4 Margaret’s Wills 51 2.5 Conclusion 58 3 The Formation and Preservation of Tudor Rulership 61 3.1 Margaret’s Reputation and the Role of Women 62 3.2 Mother and Son 68 3.3 Preserving Tudor Rulership 73 3.4 Conclusion 76 Conclusion 78 Bibliography 82 Appendixes 88 2 Abbreviations BL British Library CUL Cambridge University Library PRO Public Record Office RP Rotuli Parliamentorum SJC St John’s College Archives 3 Introduction A wife, mother of a king, landowner, and heiress, Margaret of Beaufort was nothing if not a versatile women that has interested historians for centuries. -
Caribbean Appeals Appeals by Colony
CARIBBEAN APPEALS including Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Dominica, East Florida, Grenada, Guiana, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Christopher, St. Vincent, Tobago, Tortola, West Florida This preliminary list of appeals was constructed from index entries in the Acts of the Privy Council, Colonial Series (APC), beginning with the year 1674 and ending with 1783. The focus is on appeals or petitions for leave to appeal with a definite lower court decision. A list by colony and section number of matters indexed as appeals but for which no lower court decision is apparent is provided for each volume of the APC. A smattering of disputes, not indexed as appeals (and so noted in this list), are included if the APC abstract uses appeals language. Prize cases are not included if the matter was referred to the Committee for Hearing Appeals on Prize. Appeals are listed according to the location in the margin note unless otherwise explained. The spelling of the names of parties is accepted as presented in the APC abstracts. Appeals with John Doe or Richard Roe as named parties are treated as if those parties were individuals. Significant doubt about the identity of the respondent(s) results in the designation ‘X, appeal of” as the name of the case. Given the abbreviated nature of the abstracts, additional research in the Privy Council registers, in genealogical records, and on matters of procedure will be needed to clarify the case names throughout and establish their accuracy. If the APC only uses wording such as “petition of John Jones referred,” the action was not assumed to be an appeal. -
The Fusilier Origins in Tower Hamlets the Tower Was the Seat of Royal
The Fusilier Origins in Tower Hamlets The Tower was the seat of Royal power, in addition to being the Sovereign’s oldest palace, it was the holding prison for competitors and threats, and the custodian of the Sovereign’s monopoly of armed force until the consolidation of the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich in 1805. As such, the Tower Hamlets’ traditional provision of its citizens as a loyal garrison to the Tower was strategically significant, as its possession and protection influenced national history. Possession of the Tower conserved a foothold in the capital, even for a sovereign who had lost control of the City or Westminster. As such, the loyalty of the Constable and his garrison throughout the medieval, Tudor and Stuart eras was critical to a sovereign’s (and from 1642 to 1660, Parliament’s) power-base. The ancient Ossulstone Hundred of the County of Middlesex was that bordering the City to the north and east. With the expansion of the City in the later Medieval period, Ossulstone was divided into four divisions; the Tower Division, also known as Tower Hamlets. The Tower Hamlets were the military jurisdiction of the Constable of the Tower, separate from the lieutenancy powers of the remainder of Middlesex. Accordingly, the Tower Hamlets were sometimes referred to as a county-within-a-county. The Constable, with the ex- officio appointment of Lord Lieutenant of Tower Hamlets, held the right to call upon citizens of the Tower Hamlets to fulfil garrison guard duty at the Tower. Early references of the unique responsibility of the Tower Hamlets during the reign of Bloody Mary show that in 1554 the Privy Council ordered Sir Richard Southwell and Sir Arthur Darcye to muster the men of the Tower Hamlets "whiche owe their service to the Towre, and to give commaundement that they may be in aredynes for the defence of the same”1. -
The Beaufort Family
FRIENDS OF WOKING PALACE The Beaufort Family The Beauforts were the children of John of Gaunt and his mistress, Katherine Swynford. Although the children were born whilst John was married to Constance, Queen of Castile, the line was legitimised by Papal Bull and Act of Parliament and became the House of Tudor in 1485 when Henry VII defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. The connection of the Beauforts with Woking house began when John Beaufort married Margaret Holland the sister and coheir of the childless Edmund Holland, Earl of Kent. John Beaufort, (c1371-16 March 1409/10) illegitimate son of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford created Earl of Somerset 9 February 1396/7 and Marquess of Dorset and Marquess of Somerset 29 September 1397, married before 28 September 1397, Margaret Holland, daughter, Thomas, Earl of Kent John died 16 March 1409/10 in the hospital of St Catherine by the Tower of London and was buried in St Michael's chapel in Canterbury Cathedral. His widow married secondly Thomas, Duke of Clarence (1387-1421) see later. TCP John, Duke of Somerset son of above died 27 May 1444 married Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso in or about 1442, widow of Sir Oliver St John, sister and heir of John, Lord Beauchamp, created Earl of Kendal and Duke of Somerset 28 August 1443. After the death of John, Duke of Somerset, his wife married Leo Welles who was slain at Towton 29 March 1461. She died at a great age shortly before 3 June 1482. The only child and heir of this marriage was Lady Margaret Beaufort born 31 May 1443. -
Music and Image Details from the Historical Association Film: An
Music and Image details from the Historical Association Film: An Introduction to Tudor Royal Authority Music: 1. Serenity by Paul Werner. Licensed through Jamendo: https://licensing.jamendo.com/en/track/1532773/serenity Images: 1. Framed print, "Plucking the Red and White Roses in the Old Temple Gardens" after the original 1910 fresco painting by Henry Albert Payne (British, 1868-1940) based upon a scene in Shakespeare's Henry VI, the original in the Palace of Westminster and a later similar painting by Payne in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, this print marked "copyright 1912 in London & Washington by "The Fine Art Publishing Co., Ltd. London", sight: 20.25"h, 21"w, overall: 27"h, 27.5"w, 9.25lbs. Public Domain. 2. King Henry VI. Purchased by National Portrait Gallery in 1930. Copyright NPG. 3. King Edward V, by unknown artist. Copyright National Portrait Gallery. 4. Portrait of Richard III of England. Copyright National Portrait Gallery. 5. King Henry VII, by unknown artist. Copyright National Portrait Gallery. 6. Portrait of Henry VIII (1491-1547). Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica. Public Domain. 7. Portrait of Thomas Cromwell. The Frick Collection. Public Domain. 8. Portrait of King Edward VI of England (1537–1553). Public Domain. 9. Portrait of Mary I, Museo del Prado. Public Domain. 10. Portrait of Elizabeth I of England of the 'Badminton' type. The Queen is shown in a black dress with gold embroidery, holding a red rose. Public Domain. 11. The Pelican Portrait by Nicholas Hilliard. The pelican was thought to nourish its young with its own blood and served to depict Elizabeth as the "mother of the Church of England". -
Elizabeth Woodville and Margery Kempe, Female Agency in Late Medieval England
ABSTRACT “She Should Have More if She Were Ruled and Guided by Them”: Elizabeth Woodville and Margery Kempe, Female Agency in Late Medieval England Laura Christine Oliver, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Beth Allison Barr, Ph.D. This thesis argues that while patriarchy was certainly present in England during the late medieval period, women of the middle and upper classes were able to exercise agency to a certain degree through using both the patriarchal bargain and an economy of makeshifts. While the methods used by women differed due to the resources available to them, the agency afforded women by the patriarchal bargain and economy of makeshifts was not limited to the aristocracy. Using Elizabeth Woodville and Margery Kempe as cases studies, this thesis examines how these women exercised at least a limited form of agency. Additionally, this thesis examines whether ordinary women have access to the same agency as elite women. Although both were exceptional women during this period, they still serve as ideal case studies because of the sources available about them and their status as role models among their contemporaries. “She Should Have More if She Were Ruled and Guided By Them”: Elizabeth Woodville and Margery Kempe, Female Agency in Late Medieval England by Laura Christine Oliver, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of History ___________________________________ Jeffrey S. Hamilton, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ Beth Allison Barr, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ Julie A. -
Rope Family History Page 1 of 12
Rope Family History page 1 of 12 Rope Family History Some thoughts on genealogy At previous reunions we had access to a family tree that went back to Edward II. It was a single line someone had established back from Edward Mingay Rope. In reality our ancestry is represented more like a circle than a line. If we were to place any of the first New Zealand generation of Ropes at the centre (in my case, Ted), off to one side we have his mum Emma Morely Powell, and off to the left, we have Edward Mingay Rope, by the time we go back 20 generations, (to the late 1200s) Ted Rope would have over one million ancestors. Ted So now we have a family tree that looks a little like this. We know very little on the Powell side, but the Rope side has been filled out a lot. From Dorothy Wentworth from our original family tree, born in 1532, our tree now fills out dramatically, revealing some fascinating stories. This is thanks to the Latter Day Saints (Mormon) website, Wikipedia and other genealogy sites on the Internet. We knew that we went back to prominent people – which means that their history is recorded and lines of descent are easy to follow. Now we know that we are descended from Vikings (Denmark and Norway), Normans, Spanish, Scots and Irish. And that’s just from this small segment of billions of ancestors. These lines go back to the distant past – AD 160 for the Viking line, and if you follow the Irish line on Wikipedia – it will take you back even further to a place where truth and myth merge. -
Theresa Ostrom
“AND HE HONOURED ÞAT HIT HADE EUERMORE AFTER”: THE INFLUENCE OF RICHARD II’S LIVERY SYSTEM ON SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT By THERESA OSTROM A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….....1 2 SIGNS AND KINGSHIP IN RICHARD’S EARLY YEARS…………………........14 The Loss of a Slipper and the Finding of the Holy Oil........................………....14 Signs, Seals, and Livery………………………………………………………...23 3 THE WHITE HART BADGE AND THE CONTROL OF SIGNS………………...27 Early Attempts at Livery……………………………………………………….32 The Badge of the White Hart and the Wilton Diptych………………………....36 4 THE LIVERY SYSTEM AND THE CONCEPT OF TRAWÞE…………................49 The Concept of Trawþe in Chaucer’s and Gower’s Works………………........50 The Green Knight as Arbitrary Sign…………………………………………...59 5 THE PENTANGLE AND THE GREEN GIRDLE………………………...............65 6 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………......88 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………....................97 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH………………………………………………………….104 ii Abstract of Master’s Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts “AND HE HONOURED ÞAT HIT HADE EUERMORE AFTER”: THE INFLUENCE OF RICHARD II’S LIVERY SYSTEM ON SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT By Theresa Ostrom May 2003 Chair: R. Allen Shoaf Major Department: English This study investigated the relationship between King Richard II’s manipulations of semiotics and the appearance of signs in the fourteenth-century text, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Many critics have noted that the Gawain-poet presents conflicting responses to signs in the poem; I argue that these contradictory messages may be directly linked to the program of kingship under Richard II. -
The Rainsford Family with Sidelights on Shakespeare Southampton, Hall and Hart
THE RAINSFORD FAMILY WITH SIDELIGHTS ON SHAKESPEARE SOUTHAMPTON, HALL AND HART. THE RAINSFORD FAMILY WITH SIDELIGHTS ON SHAKESPEARE, SOUTHi\l\1PTON, HALL AND HART Embracing 1000 years of the RAINSFORD family and their successive partakings in the main lines of national life BY EMILY A. BUCKLAND. " In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire With good old folks, and ]et them tell thee tales.'· -King Richard 11 i11lorcrsttr: Pa1Li,1Ps & PROBERT? LTD., THE CAXTON PRESS. I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO FAITH AND JACK AND MY NLECES AND NEPHEWS. n FOREWORD. 3T was suggested to me by my cousin, Alfred Ransford of Hunstanton, that being a native of Stratford-on-Avon, baptized there in the historic Church of Holy Trinity (Register Certificate No. 70;\ Page 89), and the grand-daughter of a Rainsford of the Clifford Chambers line, I should compile into a little book some of his genealogical notes relating to the family, which he has collected over a period of thirty years, in spired and assisted by a kinsman, the late Frederick Vine Rainsford, who began turning over Wills and docu-· ments at the age of eighteen, and devoted a great part of sixty years to research work. This volume is a brief outline of a typical English family, living in the beautiful homes of our Empire, yet facing the vicissitudes oflife, with its struggles and successes; amidst the hardships and dra\vbacks of a much less advanced civilization ; who, like numerous others, in response to the call of King and Country, have been leaders of men, in the Church and Services, in the legal and -
Henry V and the Crossing to France: Reconstructing Naval Operations for the Agincourt Campaign, 1415
Journal of Medieval History ISSN: 0304-4181 (Print) 1873-1279 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmed20 Henry V and the crossing to France: reconstructing naval operations for the Agincourt campaign, 1415 Craig Lambert To cite this article: Craig Lambert (2017) Henry V and the crossing to France: reconstructing naval operations for the Agincourt campaign, 1415, Journal of Medieval History, 43:1, 24-39, DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2016.1236503 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2016.1236503 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 28 Sep 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 644 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmed20 Download by: [University of Southampton] Date: 24 April 2017, At: 01:40 JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY, 2017 VOL. 43, NO. 1, 24–39 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2016.1236503 Henry V and the crossing to France: reconstructing naval operations for the Agincourt campaign, 1415 Craig Lambert Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The Battle of Agincourt, 1415, has attracted much attention from Received 1 August 2016 scholars. Yet much of the academic focus in this phase of the Accepted 30 August 2016 Hundred Years War centres on the English king, the army, the KEYWORDS battle and its aftermath. Much less research has been carried out ’ Henry V of England; Battle of on the maritime logistics that underpinned Henry V s invasion of Agincourt; navies; logistics; France. -
A Royal Crusade History: the Livre D'eracles and Edward IV's Exile In
A Royal Crusade History: The Livre d’Eracles and Edward IV’s Exile in Burgundy Erin K. Donovan The English King Edward IV (1442-83) had throughout his reign many political, familial, and cultural connections with the Flanders-based court of Burgundy, headed at the time by Duke Charles the Bold. In 1468, King Edward arranged for his sister Margaret of York to marry Duke Charles of Burgundy. The same year he was inducted into Charles’s powerful Burgundian chivalric Order of the Golden Fleece and reciprocally inducted Charles into the English Order of the Garter. In 1470, he was forced into exile for five months when the Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville, placed the former King Henry VI back on the throne. After first unsuccessfully trying to find shelter in Calais, Edward landed in Holland where he was hospitably taken in by Burgundian nobleman Louis de Gruuthuse (also known as Louis de Bruges) at his home in The Hague, and afterwards in Flanders at Louis’s home in Bruges.1 Between 1470 and 1471, Edward was witness to and inspired by the flourishing Flemish culture of art and fashion, including the manuscript illuminations that his host Louis was beginning voraciously to consume at the time. While Edward was in exile he was penniless, and thus unable to commission works of art. However, after his victorious return to the throne in 1471 he had the full resources of his realm at his command again, and over time I would like to extend my deep thanks to the many participants of the British Library’s Royal Manuscripts Conference, held 12-13 December 2011, who provided me with fruitful suggestions to extend my paper’s analysis. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES School of History The Wydeviles 1066-1503 A Re-assessment by Lynda J. Pidgeon Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 15 December 2011 ii iii ABSTRACT Who were the Wydeviles? The family arrived with the Conqueror in 1066. As followers in the Conqueror’s army the Wydeviles rose through service with the Mowbray family. If we accept the definition given by Crouch and Turner for a brief period of time the Wydeviles qualified as barons in the twelfth century. This position was not maintained. By the thirteenth century the family had split into two distinct branches. The senior line settled in Yorkshire while the junior branch settled in Northamptonshire. The junior branch of the family gradually rose to prominence in the county through service as escheator, sheriff and knight of the shire.