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Inventory and Survey of the Armouries of the Tower of London. Vol. I

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Inventory and Survey of the Armouries of the Tower of London. Vol. I THE ARMOVRIES OF THE TOWER OF LONDON MCMXVI McKEW PARR COLLECTION MAGELLAN and the AGE of DISCOVERY PRESENTED TO BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY • 1961 1 > SeR-GEokGE Ho\W\RDE KNfioHTAASTEFl oF THE Q.WEN£S*AA)EST/FS ARMORYAWODOn, <»^^= — ^F^H5^— r^l 5 6. : INVENTORY AND SURVEY OF THE Armouries OF THE Tower of London BY CHARLES J. FFOULKES, B.Litt.Oxon, F.S.A. CURATOR OF THE ARMOURIES n> Volume I. r LONDON Published by His Majesty's Stationery Office Book Plate of the Record Office in the Tower by J. MYNDE circa 1760 To The King's Most Excellent Majesty SIRE, laying this History and Inventory of the Armouries of the Tower INof London before Your Majesty, I cannot but feel that, in a work of this nature, it would be unfitting that I should take credit for more than the compilation and collation of a large amount of work done by others in the past. In tracing the changes that have taken place from the time when the Tower was a Storehouse of Military Equipment up to the present day, when it is the resting place of a Collection of Royal and Historical Armours many of which are without equal in Europe, I have availed myself of the National Records and also of the generous assistance of living authorities who have made a special study of the several subjects which are dealt with in these pages. I therefore ask Your Majesty's gracious permission to acknowledge here my indebtedness and gratitude to my predecessor Viscount Dillon, first Curator of the Armouries, who has unreservedly placed at my disposal the vast amount of notes, photographs, and researches, which he had collected during over twenty years of office. His work in connection with the Armouries will always be of the greatest value to historical students, for he undertook the care of the Collection at a time when the researches of Meyrick and Hewitt had been well-nigh forgotten and, but for his insistence on historical accuracy, these priceless National possessions would have become a mere popular exhi- bition of little educational value, and many would doubtless have been entirely lost to us through the ignorance of their custodians. I would also offer my thanks to Lord Dartmouth, for the loan of his Inventory of the Armouries from which the frontispiece is taken ; to Lord Monson, for the portrait of his ancestor Sir Thomas Monson ; to Sir Guy Laking, Keeper of Your Majesty's Armoury, for much valuable information respecting many of the specimens in the Collection ; to Charles Read Peers, Esq., Inspector of Ancient Monuments, for topographical details connected with the Tower ; to ; the Rev. Edward Dorling, for assistance in dealing with the Heraldry displayed on many of the weapons; to E. Edwards, Esq., of the British Museum, for the translation of the Oriental inscriptions on the bronze cannon and to A. J. Koop, Esq., of the Victoria and Albert Museum, for information connected with the Japanese armour given to James I. Since the inception of this work, the White Tower in its entirety has been given over to the exhibition of these Historical Arms and Armours, and in the recent rearrangement of the Collection, necessitated by this expansion, I must also acknowledge the assistance I have received from Sir Lionel Earle, Secretary of Your Majesty's Office of Works ; from Frank Baines, Esq., Architect in charge of Royal Palaces ; from the late Sergeant-Major Buckingham, whose loss through death after over twenty years of faithful service as Foreman of the Armouries I deeply regret ; from the present Foreman and Staff of the Armouries ; and from the Staff of the Office of Works at the Tower. In conclusion, I trust that this new exhibition of the Arms and Armours and the chronicles which deal with them will meet with Your Majesty's Gracious Approval. That they will be of educational value and interest to the general public is the sincere wish of Your Majesty's Most Loyal and Devoted Subject, CHARLES FFOULKES, Curator of the Armouries. 2^th January, 1916. .... TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction . i „ The Armouries, History and Buildings . i8 „ The Grand Storehouse . 20 ,, The Horse Armouries , . 24 „ The New Horse Armouries . 27 „ The Spanish Armoury . 29 ,, The White Tower . 31 „ The Ordnance Office . 34 Extracts from Historical Documents dealing with the Armouries, General 36 „ Buildings 45 Receipts ,, ,, ,, ,, „ ,, Payments and 47 „ ,, „ ,, ,, „ Issues and Deliveries 52 The Office of the Armouries 58 Royal and Other Visitors to the Armouries 65 Inventories, Guide Books and Works deaUng with the Armouries . 73 Class I. Inventories, Prints, etc., preserved in the Armouries 83 II. Armours 91 III. Details of Armour 143 IV. Helms and Helmets 170 V. Shields 191 VI. Horse Armour, Furniture and Spurs 199 VII. Staff Weapons 221 VIII. Maces, Hammers and Axes 253 IX. Swords 259 X. Daggers, Knives and Bayonets 310 XI. Bows, Crossbows, etc. 325 XII. Firearms 331 XIII. Powder Flasks, Spanners, Bandoliers, etc. 426 XIV. Combined Arms . 432 . TABLE OF CONTENTS- cow^mz^e^ VIU. PAGE XV. Instruments of Punishment 438 XVI. Uniforms, Colours and Personal Relics 440 XVII. Carved Figures, Horses, etc. 442 XVIII. Miscellaneous Objects . 445 XIX. Ordnance . 446 XX. Ammunition 478 XXI. Modern Copies, Forgeries, etc 480 Appendix A. Gifts and Purchases 481 „ B. Marks of Armourers, Swordsmiths, Gunsmiths, etc 485 Index of Armourers, etc 492 General Index . .. .. LIST OF PLATES The frontispiece is from a facsimile by Miss D. A. Garratt ; the photo- graphs by Viscount Dillon, the present Curator, H. V. Hopwood, Esq., Messrs. Walsham and Messrs. Hudson and Kearns. PAGE Frontispiece : Miniature of Sir George Howard, Master of the Armouries, 1 561-1575 ; from the Inventory of the Armouries in the possession of Lord Dartmouth. I. Fluted Armour, Sixteenth Century, H . 2 . 4 II. Armour, Middle of Sixteenth Century (the " Bernal Suit"), H.4 12 HI. Armour of King Henry VHI (the " Engraved Suit "), 11.5 •• •• 20 " IV. Armour of King Henry VIII (the " Engraved Suit mounted), II . 5 . 28 V. Armour of King Henry VIII for Foot Combats. II, 6.. 38 VI. Armour of King Henry VIII (the " Tonlet Suit"), II. 7 46 VII. Armour of King Henry VIII, II. 8 56 VIII. Armour of King Henry VIII (formerly ascribed to Charles Brandon), II . 9 . 64 IX. Armours, Middle of Sixteenth Century, II . 22, 24 . 72 X. German Half-Armours, Middle of Sixteenth Century, II .29, 32 . 82 XI. Armour, Late Sixteenth Century, II. 40.. .. .. 90 XII. Armour for the Joust, Late Sixteenth Century, II. 75 104 XIII. Armour of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, II .81 . 112 XIV. Armour of William Somerset, Earl of Worcester, II. 83 120 XV. Armour of Sir John Smythe, II . 84 . 130 XVI. Milanese Armour (the " Lion Suit "), 11.89 •• •• 13^ XVII. Armours of Prince Henry, 11.88, and Prince Charles, II .90 . 148 LIST OF PLATES— continued PAGE XVIII. Armour of King Charles I, II. 91 156 XIX. Armours of King Charles II, II .92, and King James II, 11 . 123 164 XX. Helmets of King Henry VIII, II . 5, 6, 7, 8 ; IV . 22 . 172 XXI. Helmets of the Earl of Leicester, II. 81, the Earl of Worcester, II . 83, Sir John Smythe, II . 84, 84A, and Sir Henry Lee, IV. 43 182 XXII. Morions and Burgonets, IV. 55, 130, 149, 154, 155 .. 186 XXIII. German Pavis, V . I 196 XXIV. Horse Armour of King Henry VIII, VI. 6-12 .. 204 XXV. Chanfrons of the Earl of Leicester, VI . 49 ; the Earl of Worcester, VI . 50 ; the Earl of Cumberland, VI. 53, and VI. 24, 33, 55 212 XXVI. Staff Weapons : Boar Spears, VII . 56, 72, 78, 81 ; Parti- zans, VII. 214, 217, and Glaives, VII. 951, 953, 954 . FroniispieceVol . II XXVII. Staff Weapons: Partizans, VII. 216, 219, 228, 229, 230, 231; Spontoons. VII. 372, 375; Halberd, VII . 1027 236 XXVIII. Swords (Sixteenth-Seventeenth Century), IX. 20, 32, 39, 49. 51. 52, 53. 54. 140 262 XXIX. Calendar Sword, IX. 139; Cinquedea, IX . 146 .. 278 XXX. Rapiers, IX . 56, 62, 66, 97, 99, loi, 113, 120, 121 .. 290 XXXI. Crossbows and Benders, XI . 10, 11, 17, 23, 24, 25 .. 298 XXXII. Maces, . VIII 26, 34 ; Miner's Axe, VIII .44 ; Gunner's Quadrant, XIV . 19, and Combined Weapons, XIV. 4, 6, 8 324 XXXIII. Matchlock Arms, XII . i (of King Henry VIII), 4, 10, I, 12, 13 ; Snaphaunce of King Charles XII. 63 340 XXXIV. • Wheel-lock Arms, XII. 42, 47, 52, 53, 54. 56 • •• 352 XXXV. Pistols : Wheel-lock, XII. 716, 717, 719, 725, 726, 728, 731,732; Flintlock, XII. 736, 741, 873 .. .. 407 XXXVI. Gun Locks: Wheel-lock, XII. 924, 927, 928; Match- lock, XII . 929 ; Match and Flintlock, XII 930 ; Flintlocks, XII. 931, 932; Double Flintlock, XII . 942 ; Miquelet Lock, XII . 950 ; Snap- haunce, . XII 957 . 424 . LIST OF ?LA.TES~contmued XI. PAGE XXXVII. Powder Flasks, XIII .5, 10, 15, 20, 39, 40, 41 ; Patrons, XIII . 36, 37 ; Spanners, XIII . 47, 48, 49 ; Bando- lier, XIII. 91 430 XXXVIII. Cannon of William Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne, XIX . 36 ; of Jean Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, . of the of XIX 49 ; and Knights Malta, XIX . 79 . 454 THE ARMOURIES OF THE TOWER OF LONDON. INTRODUCTION. is a matter of some difficulty to consider the history of the Armouries ITin the Tower of London without at the same time recapitulating need- lessly the larger history of the Tower itself, which has been recorded with much interesting detail by the several writers whose names will be found in the bibliography at the end of this section of the present work.
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