The Web Publishing of the Notebooks and Diaries of CEW Bean
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Attitudes, Values, and Behaviour: Pastoralists, Land Use and Landscape Art in Western New South Wales
Attitudes, Values, and Behaviour: Pastoralists, land use and landscape art in Western New South Wales Guy Fitzhardinge February 2007 Revised February 2008 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Sydney © Guy Fitzhardinge 2007 Statement of Authentication The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree in this or any other institution Guy Fitzhardinge ii Acknowledgements My appreciation of the support, encouragement, wise council and efforts of Robert Fisher is unbounded. I also wish to acknowledge the support and encouragement of Tom Griffiths and Libby Robin and Robert Mulley. To my editor, Lindsay Soutar, my sincere thanks for a job well done. Many people – too many to name, have helped me and supported my efforts in a variety of ways and have made an otherwise difficult job so much easier. To all those people I wish to express my gratitude and thanks. Finally, to my wife Mandy, my deepest thanks for the sacrifices she has made during the writing of this thesis. Without her support this thesis would have not been possible. iii Table of Contents Statement of Authentication................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements............................................................................................................iii Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................iv -
Australia's Second World War
Interpreting the war: Australia’s Second World War art The Australian War Memorial’s original purpose was to commemorate the 60,000 Australians who had fought and died overseas during the First World War; however, by the time the building opened on Armistice Day, 1941, the nation was involved in another world war, with official war artists already appointed and, indeed, at work in the Middle East. Both a shrine and a museum, the Memorial aimed to give people a better understanding of war through the display of “relics” such as uniforms or military artefacts, official and private records, photographs, and the commissioned works of art. The success of the First World War art program, based on the British and Canadian war art schemes, made it an appropriate model for the Second World War scheme. The new program eventually expanded to 35 artists, including for the first time three women. The scheme was originally run by the Department of the Interior, but in 1941 control of the scheme, including the appointment of artists, was transferred to the Memorial. The key figures in managing and shaping the art scheme were all veterans of the First World War: all had experiences in collecting relics and records and had been closely involved in the Memorial’s development. The Memorial’s Art Committee had three members: Charles Bean (the Australian official war historian); General Sir Harry Chauvel (the Australian commander in Egypt and Palestine during the First World War); and Louis McCubbin (an artist, who was also director of the Art Gallery of South Australia). -
Monash and Chauvel
Two Great Australians who helped bring WW1 to an end - Monash and Chauvel 1918 finally saw the end of four long years of War in Europe and the Middle East. It had cost hundreds of thousands of lives including 60,000 Australians. Two of the chief army generals that helped bring about the final outcome were Sir John Monash and Sir Harry Chauvel – both Australians. Monash’s brilliant strategies brought the final victory on the Western Front and Chauvel led five brigades of Light Horse troops to carry out Allenby’s breakthrough plan and end the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East. General Sir John Monash – GCMG, KCB Monash was born on June 27, 1865 in West Melbourne. His father had migrated from Prussia in 1854. The family was Jewish and had changed the spelling of their name from Monasch to Monash. After his father’s business suffered great loss, the family moved to Jerilderie in New South Wales. John attended school there and displayed a high intellect and an extraordinary talent for mathematics. His family returned to Melbourne where he attended Scotch College in Glenferrie and became equal dux of the school, excelling in mathematics, before going on to study engineering, arts and law at Melbourne University. He was not a good student in his first year, being distracted by the things of the world, bored in lectures and he preferred to study at the State Library himself and attend the theatre. He failed his first year but then put his mind to it and flew through with honours. -
BE SUBSTANTIALLY GREAT in THY SELF: Getting to Know C.E.W. Bean; Barrister, Judge’S Associate, Moral Philosopher
BE SUBSTANTIALLY GREAT IN THY SELF: Getting to Know C.E.W. Bean; Barrister, Judge’s Associate, Moral Philosopher by Geoff Lindsay S.C. “That general determination – to stand by one’s mate, and to see that he gets a fair deal whatever the cost to one’s self – means more to Australia than can yet be reckoned. It was the basis of our economy in two world wars and is probably its main basis in peace time. Whatever the results (and they are sometimes uncomfortable), may it long be the country’s code”. C E W Bean, On The Wool Track (Sydney, 1963 revised ed.), p 132. [Emphasis added]. “Dr Bean’s achievements as historian, scholar, author and journalist are so well known that they need not be retold today…. He took as his motto for life the words of Sir Thomas Browne: “Be substantially thyself and let the world be deceived in thee as they are in the lights of heaven’. His wholeness lay in being at all times himself…. He believed that what men needed most were enlarged opportunities for work and service and that their failures and their wongheadedness sprang, not from the devil in them, but from lack of opportunity to do and to know better. From this belief came his lifelong interest in education. What a great headmaster was lost when he turned first to the law and then to journalism…”. Angus McLachlan, a printed Address (Eulogy) distributed with the Order of Service for CEW Bean’s funeral held at St Andrew’s Cathedral, Sydney, on 2 September 1968, following his death at Concord Repatriation Hospital on 30 August 1968. -
The Evolution of Australian Official War Histories David Horner
7 The Evolution of Australian Official War Histories David Horner Robert O’Neill was the third of Australia’s six official war historians, and directly or indirectly had a major influence on at least four of the official history series — his own and the three succeeding official histories. When O’Neill was appointed official historian for the Korean War in 1969, Australia had already had two official historians — Charles Bean and Gavin Long. O’Neill would need to draw on the experiences of his two successors, but also make his own decisions about what was needed for this new history. The two previous official histories provided much guidance. The first official historian, Charles Bean, was general editor and principal author of the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914– 1918, published between 1921 and 1942 in 15 volumes. This official history set the benchmark for later Australian official histories. Bean believed that his history had at least six objectives. First, it was largely a memorial to the men who had served and died. Second, he needed to record in detail what the Australians had done, in the belief that no other nation would do so. Third, the narrative needed to provide sufficient evidence to sustain the arguments presented in it. Fourth, as the war had been ‘a plain trial of national character, it was necessary to show how the Australian citizen reacted to it’. This meant that Bean needed to bring to life the experiences of the men in the front line. 73 WAR, StrategY AND HISTORY Fifth, Bean hoped that his history might ‘furnish a fund of information from which military and other students, if they desired, could draw’. -
Museums and History
Understanding Museums: Australian museums and museology Des Griffin and Leon Paroissien (eds) Museums and history In the years following World War II, history in Australian schools, universities and museums generally continued a long-standing focus on the country’s British heritage and on Australia’s involvement in war. However, by the 1970s Australia’s history and cultural development had begun to take a more important place in literature, in school curricula, and in universities, where specialised courses were providing training for future historians and museum curators. The essays in this section recount the way museums in Australia have dealt with crucial issues of the formation of national memory and identity. Contents Museums and history: Introduction, Leon Paroissien and Des Griffin War and Australia's museums, Peter Stanley History in the new millennium or problems with history?, Tim Sullivan Museums, history and the creation of memory, 1970–2008, Margaret Anderson Redeveloping ports, rejuvenating heritage: Australian maritime museums, Kevin Jones Museums and multiculturalism: too vague to understand, too important to ignore, Viv Szekeres Online version: http://nma.gov.au/research/understanding-museums/Museums_history.html Image credit: Ludwig Leichhardt nameplate, discovered attached to a partly burnt firearm in a bottle tree (boab) near Sturt Creek, between the Tanami and Great Sandy Deserts in Western Australia. Photo: Dragi Markovic. http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/highlights/the-leichhardt-nameplate Understanding Museums - Museums and history 1 http://nma.gov.au/research/understanding-museums/Museums_history.html National Museum of Australia Copyright and use © Copyright National Museum of Australia Copyright Material on this website is copyright and is intended for your general use and information. -
Lions Led by Donkeys? Brigade Commanders of the Australian Imperial Force, 1914-1918
LIONS LED BY DONKEYS? BRIGADE COMMANDERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCE, 1914-1918. ASHLEIGH BROWN A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy University of New South Wales, Canberra School of Humanities and Social Sciences March 2017 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Brown First name: Ashleigh Other name/s: Rebecca Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: MPhil School: Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty: UNSW Canberra, AD FA Title: Lions led by donkeys? Brigade commanders of the Australian Imperial Force, 1914-1918. Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Australian First World War historiography tends to focus on the ordinary soldier: his background, character and involvement in the war. This is a legacy left by Charles Bean who, following the history from below approach, believed in the need for soldiers’ stories to be told. On the other end of the spectrum, attention is given to political leaders and the British high command. British commanders and, by extension, other Allied commanders are too often portrayed as poor leaders who were reluctant to adapt to modern warfare, and did not demonstrate a sense of responsibility for the men under their command. The evidence shows that this perception is not accurate. A comprehensive understanding of the progression of Australian forces on the Western Front cannot be gained without investigating the progression of those in command. This thesis examines the brigade commanders of the Australian Imperial Force who held that level of command for a substantial period while on the Western Front. -
Issue100 – Jul 2009
CASCABEL Journal of the ABN 22 850 898 908 Number 100 Published Quarterly in July 2009 Victoria Australia A view of the Tsar Pushka, showing its massive bore and cannonballs, and the Lion's head cast into the carriage. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Article Pages Assn Contacts, Conditions & Copyright . 3 The President Writes . 5 Membership Report . 6 Notice of Annual General Meeting 7 Editor‘s Scratchings 8 Rowell, Sir Sydney Fairbairn (1894 - 1975) 9 A Paper from the 2001 Chief of Army's Military History Conference 14 The Menin Gate Inauguration Ceremony - Sunday 24th July, 1927 23 2/ 8 Field Regiment . 25 HMAS Tobruk. 26 Major General Cyril Albert Clowes, CBE, DSO, MC 30 RAA Association(Vic) Inc Corp Shop. 31 Some Other Military Reflections . 32 Parade Card . 35 Changing your address? See cut-out proforma . 36 Current Postal Addresses All mail for the Association, except matters concerning Cascabel, should be addressed to: The Secretary RAA Association (Vic) Inc. 8 Alfada Street Caulfield South Vic. 3167 All mail for the Editor of Cascabel, including articles and letters submitted for publication, should be sent direct to . Alan Halbish 115 Kearney Drive Aspendale Gardens Vic 3195 (H) 9587 1676 [email protected] 2 CASCABEL Journal of the FOUNDED: CASCABLE - English spelling. ABN 22 850 898 908 First AGM April 1978 ARTILLERY USE: First Cascabel July 1983 After 1800 AD, it became adjustable. The COL COMMANDANT: breech is closed in large calibres by a BRIG N Graham CASCABEL(E) screw, which is a solid block of forged wrought iron, screwed into the PATRONS and VICE PATRONS: breach coil until it pressed against the end 1978 of the steel tube. -
War, Strategy & History
WAR, STRATEGY & HISTORY ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF PROFESSOR ROBERT O’NEILL WAR, STRATEGY & HISTORY ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF PROFESSOR ROBERT O’NEILL EDITED BY DANIEL MARSTON AND TAMARA LEAHY Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: War, strategy and history : essays in honour of professor Robert O’Neill / editors: Daniel Marston, Tamara Leahy. ISBN: 9781760460235 (paperback) 9781760460242 (ebook) Subjects: O’Neill, Robert J. (Robert John), 1936- Strategy. War. Military history. Festschriften--Australia. Other Creators/Contributors: Marston, Daniel, editor. Leahy, Tamara, editor. Dewey Number: 355.02 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: THE XUYEN MOC BATON. This hand-carved baton was presented to Captain Bob O’Neill by the commander of Xuyen Moc District, Phuoc Tuy Province, Vietnam, Captain Duc, on 4 October 1966. O’Neill made the first visit to this isolated outpost by allied personnel after the arrival of the 1st Australian Task Force in the province. Bob, his interpreter and assistant, and RAAF helicopter pilot and co-pilot, had no confirmation that they were flying into and landing in a secure area. All went well and Captain Duc showed his gratitude by presenting O’Neill with this baton just before departure. -
Anzac Day 2014
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2013–14 UPDATED 10 APRIL 2014 Anzac Day 2014 David Watt Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Section This ‘Anzac Day Kit’ has been compiled over a number of years by various staff members of the Parliamentary Library, and is updated annually. In particular the Library would like to acknowledge the work of John Moremon and Laura Rayner, both of whom contributed significantly to the original text and structure of the Kit. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 What is this kit? .................................................................................................. 4 Section 1: Speeches ..................................................................................... 4 Previous Anzac Day speeches ............................................................................. 4 90th anniversary of the Anzac landings—25 April 2005 .................................... 4 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier............................................................................ 5 Ataturk’s words of comfort ................................................................................ 5 Section 2: The relevance of Anzac ................................................................ 5 Anzac—legal protection ..................................................................................... 5 The history of Anzac Day .................................................................................... 5 Is it Anzac Day or ANZAC -
Brudenell White (I)
8. The General: Brudenell White (I) Silver-haired, lean, and erect, shielded from the chill air by a Service greatcoat, the figure striding across to the waiting aircraft was Australia’s most distinguished living soldier. Garlanded with military decorations and imperial honours ― DSO, CB, CMG, KCMG, KCVO, KCB, as well as a quiver of foreign awards ― General Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham White’s reputation was made as the nation’s most senior and accomplished wartime staff officer. So valuable had he been to the Allied cause as a tactician and organiser that he was denied the commands that would have tested his capacity for operational leadership at the very highest level. His praise as the genius of the evacuation from Gallipoli had been sung in official histories, biographies, and memoirs. After the war he had served in Australia as the Chief of the General Staff and then, applying his gifts to civilian administration, as chairman of the Commonwealth Public Service Board. Although his military and administrative background qualified him uniquely for further public service posts, Brudenell White had been a businessman and grazier for more than a decade before war broke out in 1939. Declining the offer of a second term as the chairman of the Public Service Board, he had settled in 1928 on a 2000-acre property, ‘Woodnaggerak’ near Buangor, 20 kilometres west of Beaufort, on the edge of the Western District and the Wimmera. Staying with the Board would have meant working in the nascent national capital in Canberra. Nurturing fine wool merinos far from the clatter and clamour of politics held more appeal. -
Gallipoli As Exculpatory Memory1
Lest We Remember/“Lest We Forget”: Gallipoli as Exculpatory Memory1 JOHN BEVAN-SMITH All Nation-States are born and found themselves in violence. I believe that truth to be irrecusable. Without even exhibiting atrocious spectacles on this subject, it suffices to underline a law of structure: the moment of foundation, the instituting moment, is anterior to the law or legitimacy which it founds. It is thus outside the law, and violent by that very fact.... This foundational violence is not only forgotten. The foundation is made in order to hide it; by its essence it tends to organise amnesia, something under the celebration and sublimation of the grand beginnings. Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness2 Abstract Before the build-up to the centenary of the 1915 invasion of Turkey’s Gallipoli Peninsula be- gins in earnest, I thought it might be timely to interrogate the notion that those of us who live in Australasia are confronted with every Anzac Day: that it was on April 25, 1915, the day the Australia New Zealand Army Corps (Anzacs) landed at Gallipoli as part of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, that the consciousness of nationhood was born in Australia and New Zea- land, This foundational idea, with specific application to Australia, was first published nine years after the event by Charles Bean, the Australian Government’s official World War I his- torian who is also regarded as having created the Anzac legend. On a broader view, World War I was, for Bean, about freedom, and more broadly still, about the survival of civilisation. These often highly conflicted truth-claims are all part and parcel of the legitimising grand nar- ratives deployed by settler societies, the teleologies of which are always already oriented to- wards the realisation of their civilising projects and the fulfilment of their idealised selves in ‘the not-yet-now’.