Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletins the Roosevelt Wild Life Station
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SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletins The Roosevelt Wild Life Station 1939 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin Ralph T. King SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/rwlsbulletin Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation King, Ralph T., "Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin" (1939). Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletins. 10. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/rwlsbulletin/10 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The Roosevelt Wild Life Station at Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Bulletin of the New York State Vol. XII. No. 2 College of Forestry at Syracuse University October, 1939 THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF THE BIRDS ALONG THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW YORK STATE By A. Sidney Hyde Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin VOLUME 7 NUMBER 2 Published by the Roosevelt Wildlife Forest Experiment Station at the New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y. SAMUEL N. SPRING. Dean . CONTENTS OF RECENT ROOSEVELT WIUDLIFE BULLETINS AND ANNALS BULLETINS Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. i. October, 1926. 1. The Relation of Birds to Woodlots in New York State Waldo L. McAtee 2. Current Station Notes Charles C. Adams (Out of print) Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 2. June, 1927. 1. The Predatory and Fur-bearing Animals of the Yellowstone National Park Milton P. Skinner 2. Current Station Notes Charles C. Adams Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 3. July, 1927. 1. A Trout Survey of the Allegany State Park in 1922 William C. Kendall and Wilford A. Dence 2. A Preliminary Survey of the Fish Life of Allegany State Park in 1921. Thomas L. Hankinson 3. Current Station Notes Charles C. Adams Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 4. July, 1927. I. The Beaver in the Adirondacks: Its Economics and Natural History., Charles E. Johnson Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. i. March, 1928. 1. A Preliminary Wild Life and Forest Survey of Southwestern Catta- raugus Co., N. Y Victor H. Cahalane 2. A Preliminary Report on the Trout Streams of Southwestern Catta- raugus Co., N. Y Wilford A. Dence (Out of print) Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2. February, 1929. 1. The Fishes of the Cranberry Lake Region W. C. Kendall and W. A. Dence 2. The Story of King's Pond F. A. Lucas 3. Its Fish Cultural Significance W. C. Kendall Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 3. September, 1929. 1. The Summer Birds of the Northern Adirondack Mountains Aretas A. Saunders 2. The Summer Birds of the Adirondacks in Franklin County, N. Y Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., and H. D. Minot (Reprinted. Original date of publication, 1877) Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 4. August, 1930. 1. The Biology of the Voles of New York Robert T. Hatt 2. The Relation of Mammals to the Harvard Forest Robert T. Hatt Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. i. March, 1931. I. A Biological Reconnaissance of the Peterboro Swamp and the Labrador Pond Areas Charles J. Spiker Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 2. October, 1933. 1. The White-tailed Deer of the Adirondacks. Part I. Preliminary Survey of the White-tailed Deer of the Adiron- dacks M. T. Townsend and M. W. Smith Part 2. Ecology of the White-tailed Deer in Summer with Special Reference to the Adirondacks M. T. Townsend and M. W. Smith 2. Some Late Winter and Early Spring Observations on the White-tailed Deer of the Adirondacks Chas. J. Spiker Bulletin of the New York State Vol. XII, No. 2 College of Forestry at Syracuse University October, 1939 THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF THE BIRDS ALONG THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW YORK STATE By A. Sidney Hyde Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin VOLUME 7 NUMBER 2 Published by the Roosevelt Wildlife Forest Experiment Station at the New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y. SAMUEL N. SPRING, Dean ANNOUNCEMENT The serial publications of the Roosevelt Wildlife Forest Experi- ment Station consist of the following: 1. Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin. 2. Roosevelt Wildlife Annals. The Bulletin is intended to include papers of general and popular interest on the various phases of forest wildlife, and the Annals those of a more technical nature or having a less widespread interest. The editions of these publications are limited and do not permit of general free distribution. Exchanges are invited. Sale prices for the Station publications are based on the actual cost of printing and distribution in accordance with Chapter 220 of the Laws of 1933. Price lists will be furnished on request. All communications con- cerning publications should be addressed to The Director and Editor, Roosevelt Wildlife Forest Experiment Station, Syracuse, New York. Copyright, 1939, by Roosevelt Wildiife Forest Experiment Station [62] TRUSTEES OF THE NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY Ex Officio Dr. William P. Graham, Chancellor Syracuse University Dr. Frank P. Graves, Commissioner of Education Albany, N. Y. Hon. LiTHGOw Osborne, Conservation Commissiotier . Albany, N. Y. Appointed by the Governor Hon. Charles Poletti, Lieutenant-Governor Albany, N. Y. Hon. Francis D. McCurn Syracuse, N. Y. Hon. Alfred E. Smith New York City Hon. William H. Kelley Syracuse, N. Y. Mr. Willis H. Michell Syracuse, N. Y. Mr. Charles A. Upson Lockport, N. Y. Hon. J. Henry Walters New York City Mr. George W. Sisson, Jr Potsdam, N. Y. Mr. Reginald T. Titus New York City Officers of the Board Hon. Alfred E. Smith President Hon. William H. Kelley Vice-President HONORARY ADVISORY COUNCIL OF THE ROOSEVELT WILDLIFE FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION Hon. Theodore Roosevelt New York City Mr. Kermit Roosevelt New York City Dr. George Bird Grinnell* New York City Hon. Gifford Pinchot Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. Chauncey J. Hamlin Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. George Shiras, 3rd Washington, D. C. Dr. Frank M. Chapman New York City Dean Henry S. Graves New Haven, Conn. * Died April 11, 1938. [63] 1 STAFF OF THE ROOSEVELT WILDLIFE FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION Samuel X. Spring, M.F Dean of the College Ralph T. King, M.A Director WiLFORii A. Dexcf., B.S Ichthyologist and Ass't Director William L. Webb, B.S Junior Forest Zoologist H. Ruth Merrill Secretary Teinporary Appointments * Myron T. Townsend, Ph.D Field Naturalist A. Sidney Hyde, M.A Field Naturalist MuRVEL R. Garner, Ph.D Field Naturalist Charles J. Spiker, M.A Field Naturalist * Including only those who have made field investigations and whose reports are now in preparation. (64 Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2015 https://arcliive.org/details/rooseveltwildlif07unse_0 66 Fig. 26. Site of nesting colony of bank swallows inside of a compacted sand dune along beach of Lake Ontario, near North Pond. June 11, 1935. Fig. 27. General view of the beach and June habitat on the peninsula between Lake Ontario and North Pond. Nesting site of piping plovers, common tern and spotted sandpiper. June 16, 1936. THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF THE BIRDS ALONG THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW YORK STATE By A. SIDNEY HYDE, Field Naturalist Roosevelt Wildlije Forest Experiment Station, Syracuse, New York CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 68 Location and Description of the Territory . 69 Climate 72 Life Zones 74 The Ecology of the Northern Boundary 77 The Climax Formation 77 Hydrosere 78 Geosere 80 Description of Habitats and their Birds 80 The Open Waters of Lake Ontario 80 Sheltered Bays and their Birds 82 Birds of the Open Waters of Small Lakes and Streams . 83 Birds of the Beaches 84 The Marshes and their Birds 85 Alder Swamps . 87 Forests 88 Birds of the Open Fields 96 Notes on Economic Relations 97 Annotated List of Birds found in the Region 99 Summer Birds of L'regular or Hypothetical Occurrence 210 Literature Cited 213 ; 68 Roosevelt IVildlije Bulletin INTRODUCTION The concept of the survey reported upon in these pages was that of the late Dr. C. E. Johnson, formerly Director of the Roosevelt Wildlife Forest Experiment Station. It was Dr. Johnson's desire to have a study of the ornithology' of the northern boundary of the State, with emphasis upon the ecological aspects. It is hoped that the results obtained may in some measure fulfill Dr. Johnson's wishes. The i)aper is not intended to be an exhaustive treatise on all birds ever recorded along the northern boundary of the State. It deals mainly with the summer visitants, including those late spring and early fall migrants which happened to be encountered. The few records of casual or accidental visitors, based mainly upon references in tile literature, are confined principally to the summer season. Plumage descriptions of the birds have been largely omitted, since these are available in any standard work. However, where certain markings or actions of a species have particularly impressed the author as being helpful to the observer in identification, these have been incorporated in the discussion. \\niile a few notes on the economic bearing of certain species are included, this subject has not been emphasized. \'alid conclusions on the local economic relations of the species would have entailed far more detailed study than time and facilities permitted, and could not possibly liaxe covered the geographic extent it was desired to include. The author is deeply grateful to the late Dr. C. E. Johnson for his valuable suggestions and imstinting practical help in supplying all possible facilities for prosecuting the study, up to shortly before his death ; to ]\Ir. W. A.