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Reading List 2012.Indd General Reading iGAS Guidelines - Published January 2012 CLICK HERE Educational Interim UK guidelines for management of close community contacts of invasive group A streptococcal disease. Health Protection Agency, Workshops 2012 Group A Streptococcus Working Group. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2004; 7(4):354-361. CLICK HERE Keynote Presentation: Diagnosis and Complicated infections of skin and skin structures: when the infection is more than skin deep. DiNubile MJ, Lipsky, B. Journal of treatment Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2004, 53, Suppl. S2, ii37-ii50 of skin and soft CLICK HERE Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and tissue infections soft tissue infections. Stevens DL et al. Clinical Infectious Disease 2005; 41:1373–1406 CLICK HERE Infections of skin and soft tissue: Outcomes of a classifi cation scheme. Eron J. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2000;31:287(A432). CLICK HERE Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections: report from the SENTRY READING Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (United States and Canada, 2000). Rennie RP et al. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Apr; 45(4):287-293. LIST CLICK HERE Comparison of community and health care associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Naimi TS, et al. JAMA 2003; 290: 2976-2984 CLICK HERE Methicillin resistant S. aureus infections amoung patients in the emergency department. Moran GJ et al. The New England Journal of Medicine 2006 CLICK HERE HPR 2011;5(7): News CLICK HERE Polyclonal multiply antiobiotic-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Panton-Valentine leucocidin in England. JAC 2009; doi: 10.1093/jac/dkp386; CLICK HERE Eff ect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus producing panton- valentine leukocidin. Dumitrescu O, et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2007, 1515–1519 CLICK HERE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Skin & Soft Tissue Infections in Returned Travelers - Chapter 5 - 2012 Yellow Book - Travelers’ Health CLICK HERE Fever and the returning traveller. N Kumar, DJ Lewis. BMJ Gottlieb SL, Kretsinger K, Tarkhashvili N, et al. 2012;344:e2400 Published April 2012 Long-term outcomes of 217 botulism cases in CLICK HERE the Republic of Georgia. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:174 Severity assessment of skin and soft tissue infections: CLICK HERE cohort study of management and outcomes for hospitalised patients. Marwick et al. Journal of Botulism, Sobel J. Clin Infect Dis 2005 October Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:10.1093/jac/dkq362, 15;41(8):1167-73 2010 CLICK HERE CLICK HERE The GAS men Guidelines for UK practice for the diagnosis and The prevalence of beta-haemolytic streptococci management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in throat specimens from healthy children and aureus (MRSA) infections presenting in the community. adults. Scand J Prim H Care 1997, 15: 149 Nathwani D, Morgan M, Masterton R, Dryden M, CLICK HERE Cookson B, French G, Lewis D. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2008 doi:10.1093/jac/dkn096 “Cloud” health-care workers. Sherertz RJ. CLICK HERE (Emerging Infectious Diseases 2001, 7:241) CLICK HERE Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome--a comparative observational study. Cellulitis case report Kaul R, McGeer A, Norrby-Teglund A, Kotb M, Schwartz B, Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic O’Rourke K, Talbot J, Low DE. Clinical Infectious Diseases shock syndrome: a European randomised, double blind, placebo 1999 Apr;28(4):800-7. controlled trial. CID 2003;37:333-340 CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Diagnosis and management of cellulitis, Phoenix G et al, Necrotizing fasciitis. Bellapianta JM, Ljungquist K, Tobin E, Uhl R. J Am BMJ 2012;345:e4955 Acad Orthop Surg 2009 17(3):174-82 CLICK HERE CLICK HERE An infected insect bite? Group A streptococcus peri-partum infection- following the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Duty guidelines Doctor Botulism Protocol, November 2011 Global emm type distribution of group A streptococci: systematic CLICK HERE review and implications for vaccine development. Steer AC et al. Lancet 2009;9:611-16 Werner SB, Passaro D, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism in CLICK HERE California, 1951-1998: recent epidemic in heroin injectors. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:1018 Painful calf CLICK HERE Streptolysin S and necrotising infections produced by group G strep- tococcus. Humar, D., V. Datta, D. J. Bast, B. Beall, J. C. De Azavedo, and Passaro DJ, Werner SB, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism V. Nizet. 2002. Lancet 359:124-129. associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug CLICK HERE users. JAMA 1998; 279:859 CLICK HERE Invasive group A, B, C and G streptococcal infections in Denmark 1999–2002: epidemiological and clinical aspects, Ekelund, K., P. Sam AH, Beynon HL. Images in clinical medicine: Wound Skinhoj, J. Madsen, and H. B. Konradsen. Clinical Microbiology and botulism. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2444 Infection 2005 11:569-576. CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Yuan J, Inami G, Mohle-Boetani J, Vugia DJ. Recurrent Clinical characteristics of necrotizing fasciitis caused by group G wound botulism among injection drug users in California. Streptococcus: Case report and review of the literature. Sharma, M., Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:862 R. Khatib, and M. Fakih. 2002. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 34:468-471. CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Journal of Infection (2012) 64,1e18 www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jinf PRACTICE GUIDELINES Guidelines for prevention and control of group A streptococcal infection in acute healthcare and maternity settings in the UK Jane A. Steer a, Theresa Lamagni b, Brendan Healy c, Marina Morgan d, Matthew Dryden e, Bhargavi Rao b, Shiranee Sriskandan f, Robert George g, Androulla Efstratiou g, Fiona Baker h, Alex Baker i, Doreen Marsden j, Elizabeth Murphy k, Carole Fry l, Neil Irvine m, Rhona Hughes n, Paul Wade o, Rebecca Cordery p, Amelia Cummins q, Isabel Oliver r, Mervi Jokinen s, Jim McMenamin t, Joe Kearney u,v,* a Department of Microbiology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK b Healthcare-Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Health Protection Agency, London, UK c Department of Microbiology, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK d Department of Microbiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK e Department of Microbiology, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK f Centre for Infection Prevention & Management, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK g Respiratory & Systemic Infections Department, Health Protection Agency, London, UK h Infection Prevention & Control Department, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, UK i Communications, Health Protection Agency, London, UK j Lee Spark NF Foundation, Preston, UK k Occupational Health Department, NHS Grampian Occupational Health Service, Aberdeen, UK l Infectious Diseases and Blood Policy, Department of Health, London, UK m Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland, UK n Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK o Directorates of Pharmacy and Infection, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK p North East and North Central London Health Protection Unit, Health Protection Agency, London, UK q Essex Health Protection Unit, Health Protection Agency, Witham, UK r Health Protection Agency, South West, Gloucester, UK s Development Department, Royal College of Midwives, UK t Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK u Health Protection Agency, East of England, Witham, UK Accepted 1 November 2011 Available online 17 November 2011 * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ44 0845 241 2266; fax: þ 44 0 1376 302278. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Kearney). v On behalf of the GAS Guideline Development Working Group. 0163-4453/$36 Crown Copyright ª 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.001 2 J.A. Steer et al. KEYWORDS Summary Hospital outbreaks of group A streptococcal (GAS) infection can be devastating Group A streptococcus; and occasionally result in the death of previously well patients. Approximately one in ten cases Infection control; of severe GAS infection is healthcare-associated. This guidance, produced by a multidisciplin- Midwifery; ary working group, provides an evidence-based systematic approach to the investigation of sin- Disease outbreaks; gle cases or outbreaks of healthcare-associated GAS infection in acute care or maternity Great Britain settings. The guideline recommends that all cases of GAS infection potentially acquired in hospital or through contact with healthcare or maternity services should be investigated. Healthcare workers, the environment, and other patients are possible sources of transmission. Screening of epidemiologically linked healthcare workers should be considered for healthcare-associated cases of GAS infection where no alternative source is readily identified. Communal facilities, such as baths, bidets and showers, should be cleaned and decontaminated between all pa- tients especially on delivery suites, post-natal wards and other high risk areas. Continuous sur- veillance is required to identify outbreaks which arise over long periods of time. GAS isolates from in-patients, peri-partum patients, neonates, and post-operative wounds should be saved for six months to facilitate outbreak investigation. These guidelines do not cover diagnosis and treatment of GAS infection which should be discussed with an infection specialist. Crown Copyright
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