Darwin's Botanical Arithmetic and the "Principle of Divergence," 1854-1858
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Joseph Hooker Takes a "Fixed Post": Transmutation And
Joseph Hooker Takes a "Fixed Post": Transmutation and the "Present Unsatisfactory State of Systematic Botany", 1844-1860 Author(s): Richard Bellon Source: Journal of the History of Biology, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Spring, 2006), pp. 1-39 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4331989 Accessed: 24-05-2018 19:09 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the History of Biology This content downloaded from 206.253.207.235 on Thu, 24 May 2018 19:09:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Journal of the History of Biology (2006) 39: 1-39 ? Springer 2006 DOI 10.007/sI 0739-004-3800-x Joseph Hooker Takes a "Fixed Post": Transmutation and the "Present Unsatisfactory State of Systematic Botany", 18 441860 RICHARD BELLON Lyman Briggs School Michigan State University E-30 Holmes Hall East Lansing, MI 48825 USA E-mail: hellonr(@.~msu.edu Abstract. Joseph Hooker first learned that Charles Darwin believed in the transmuta- tion of species in 1844. For the next 14 years, Hooker remained a "nonconsenter" to Darwin's views, resolving to keep the question of species origin "subservient to Botany instead of Botany to it, as must be the true relation." Hooker placed particular emphasis on the need for any theory of species origin to support the broad taxonomic delimitation of species, a highly contentious issue. -
John Hooper - Pioneer British Batman
NEWSLETTER AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON VOLUME 26 x NUMBER xJULY 2010 THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON Registered Charity Number 220509 Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BF Tel. (+44) (0)20 7434 4479; Fax: (+44) (0)20 7287 9364 e-mail: [email protected]; internet: www.linnean.org President Secretaries Council Dr Vaughan Southgate BOTANICAL The Officers and Dr Sandra D Knapp Prof Geoffrey Boxshall Vice-Presidents Prof Mark Chase Dr Mike Fay ZOOLOGICAL Prof Dianne Edwards Dr Sandra D Knapp Dr Malcolm Scoble Mr Alistair Land Dr Keith Maybury Dr Terry Langford Dr Malcolm Scoble EDITORIAL Mr Brian Livingstone Dr John R Edmondson Prof Geoff Moore Treasurer Ms Sara Oldfield Professor Gren Ll Lucas OBE COLLECTIONS Dr Sylvia Phillips Mrs Susan Gove Mr Terence Preston Executive Secretary Dr Mark Watson Dr Ruth Temple Librarian Dr David Williams Mrs Lynda Brooks Prof Patricia Willmer Financial Controller/Membership Mr Priya Nithianandan Deputy Librarian Conservator Mr Ben Sherwood Ms Janet Ashdown Building and Office Manager Ms Victoria Smith Honorary Archivist Conservation Assistant Ms Gina Douglas Ms Lucy Gosnay Communications Manager Ms Claire Inman Special Publications and Education Manager Ms Leonie Berwick Office Assistant Mr Tom Helps THE LINNEAN Newsletter and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London ISSN 0950-1096 Edited by Brian G Gardiner Editorial ................................................................................................................ 1 Society News.............................................................................................................. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/06/2021 12:07:02PM Via Free Access 332 Th E Dream of the North Science, Technology, Progress, Urbanity, Industry, and Even Perfectibility
5. Th e Northern Heyday: 1830–1880 Tipping the Scales In Europe, the mid-nineteenth century witnessed a decisive change in the relative strength of North and South, confi rming a long-term trend that had been visible for a hundred years, and that had accelerated since the fall of Bonaparte. Great Britain was clearly the main driving force behind this development, but by no means the only one. Such key statistical indicators as population growth and GDP show an unquestionable strengthening in several of the northern nations. A comparison between, for instance, Britain, Germany and the Nordic countries, on the one hand, and France, Spain and Italy, on the other, shows that in 1830, the population of the former group was signifi cantly lower than that of the latter, i.e. 58 vs. 67 million.1 By 1880, the balance had shifted decisively in favour of the North, with 90 vs. 82 million. With regard to GDP, the trend is even more explicit. Available estimates from 1820 show that the above group of northern countries together had a GDP of approximately 67 billion dollars, as compared to 69 billion for the southern countries. In 1870, the GDP of the South had risen to 132 billion (a 91 percent increase), but that of the North to 187 billion (179 percent increase).2 During the 1830–1880 period, the Russian population similarly grew from 56 to 98 million, representing by far the biggest nation in the West, whereas the United States was rapidly climbing from only 13 to 50 million, and Canada from 1 to 4 million (“Population Statistics”, 2006). -
Sir Joseph Hooker's Collections at the Royal
Fig. 1. Portrait of Sir Joseph Hooker in his study, pencil drawing by Theodore Blake Wirgman, 1886 (Kew Art Collection). SIR JOSEPH HOOKER’S COLLECTIONS AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW David Goyder, Pat Griggs, Mark Nesbitt, Lynn Parker and Kiri Ross-Jones Introduction On the December 9, 2011, just one day short of the centenary of the death of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, his life and work were celebrated by over 150 participants at a conference at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The afternoon session consisted of displays of Sir Joseph’s collections in the Herbarium building, ranging from herbarium specimens and economic botany to art, archives and books. This paper attempts to capture the experience in a more permanent form, highlighting the quantity and quality of collections accumulated during Sir Joseph’s career, both in his official role as Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 2012 vol. 29 (1): pp. 66–85 66 © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2012. Director of Kew, and as an avid collector and scientist from childhood to his death. We aim to demonstrate that these collections are larger and more intact than is usually appreciated, and that they form a rich resource for scientific and historical research. Current work at Kew on cataloguing and digitisation is making many of these collections increasingly accessible. Any one strand of work in Joseph Hooker’s long life, from 1817 to 1911, would have been a remarkable achievement (Endersby, 2004; Griggs, 2011). His travels and collecting in Antarctica and the South Pacific, Sikkim and Nepal, the Near East, Morocco and the western United States led to the discovery of many new species, and important introductions of garden plants to Europe (Desmond, 1999). -
Colonial Correspondents and Joseph Dalton Hooker
Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 147, 2013 33 COLONIAL CORRESPONDENTS AND JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER by Anita Hansen (with two plates) Hansen, A. 2013(17:xii): Colonial correspondents and Joseph Dalton Hooker. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 147: 33-–40. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.147.33 ISSN 0080–4703. University of Tasmania, Centre for the Arts, Hunter Street, Hobart. Locked Bag 57, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Current address: 13 Oldham Avenue, New Town, Tasmania 7008, Australia. Email: [email protected] Dr Joseph Dalton Hooker of Kew Gardens in London built his reputation as a botanist, to a large extent, on his publication of the floras of the southern ocean, namely his The Botany of The Antarctic Voyage of HM Discovery ShipsErebus and Terror, in the Years 1839–1843, a set of books that contains Flora Antarctica, Flora Novae Zelandiae and Flora Tasmaniae. Although Hooker had visited all of these places on the voyage and collected a substantial number of botanical specimens for his research, he alone could not have assembled the comprehensive herbarium needed for such a wide-ranging set of flora. To aid him in this endeavour, Hooker relied on an enthusiastic group of colonial correspondents and collectors. He regarded the specimens, and the information about them, sent by the colonial correspondents as belonging to the metropolitan centre at Kew. However, as these correspondents gained botanical knowledge, in particular William Archer, Ronald Campbell Gunn and William Colenso, they clamoured for recognition of their expertise, something Hooker was not always willing to bestow. -
Universidad Y Soberanía
Universidad y soberanía Estudios sobre la guerra y la posguerra de Malvinas y Atlántico Sur Universidad y soberanía Estudios sobre la guerra y la posguerra de Malvinas y Atlántico Sur Universidad y soberanía Estudios sobre la guerra y la posguerra de Malvinas y Atlántico Sur CARLOS J. GIORDANO (compilador) Diseño y diagramación: Andrea López Osornio / Julieta Lloret Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Edulp) 47 N.º 380 / La Plata B1900AJP / Buenos Aires, Argentina +54 221 427 3992 / 427 4898 [email protected] www.editorial.unlp.edu.ar Edulp integra la Red de Editoriales de las Universidades Nacionales (REUN) Primera edición, 2015 ISBN N.º 978-987-1985-xxxxxx Queda hecho el depósito que marca la Ley 11723 © 2015 - Edulp Impreso en Argentina Índice Proemio 11 Carlos J. Giordano La situación sanitaria en las Islas Malvinas 19 Horacio L. Barragán y Santiago L. Barragán Las Islas Malvinas: una extensión de los bosques subantárticos 35 Susana E. Freire, María A. Migoya y Néstor D. Bayón Invertebrados no insectos de las Islas Malvinas 53 Cristina Damborenea Guerra en las aulas. Cómo se enseña el conflicto de Malvinas en la escuela media 63 Gonzalo de Amézola Islas Malvinas, soberanía sudamericana y presencia británica en el Atlántico Sur 97 Héctor A. Dupuy y Martín A. Morgante Investigaciones ficológicas en Tierra del Fuego, aguas circundantes a Islas Malvinas y Antártida 127 Martha E. Ferrario, José M. Guerrero, Gastón O. Almandoz, Adrián O. Cefarelli y Silvia E. Sala Ictiofauna de las Islas Malvinas y Tierra del Fuego 175 Mirta L. García y Hugo L. -
04 HEBEL.Indd
ANTARCTICA’S VEGETATION: PAST AND CURRENT EVIDENCE 409 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 85: 409-418, 2012 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile SPECIAL FEATURE: 100 YEARS OF ANTARCTIC RESEARCH Early knowledge of Antarctica’s vegetation: Expanding past and current evidence Conocimiento temprano de la vegetación en Antártica: Expandiendo la evidencia pasada y presente INGRID HEBEL1, CAROLINA GALLEGUILLOS1, RICARDO JAÑA2, 3 & MARIA D.C. DACASA-RÜDINGER4 1Departamento Agrícola y Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile 2Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile 3Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario Antártica, Fuego y Patagonia, 21 de Mayo 1690, Punta Arenas, Chile 4Forest Genetics and Forest Plant Breeding, Wood and Forestry Competence Centre, Public Enterprise Sachsenforst, Bonnewitzer Str. 34, 01796 Pirna OT Graupa, Germany *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT To commemorate one hundred years of Roald Amundsen’s reaching the South Pole, we provide a summary of early explorations to Antarctica, in which botanists played an almost anonymous role. Based on multiple observations of vegetation they found and recorded, we review the knowledge available at the end of the nineteenth century to compare with contemporary scientifi c beliefs; connecting them with observations we have collected in fi eld-work. Using the aerial photography from the end of the 1950s of sites we visited, it is noted that opportunities are arising for the understanding of colonization phenomena in areas where ice is retreating. Accounts of research on colonization of new ice-free areas are analyzed as well as how molecular genetics attempts to deduce the early settlements. -
Paleobiography of the Danian Molluscan Assemblages of Patagonia (Argentina)
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 417 (2015) 274–292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Paleobiography of the Danian molluscan assemblages of Patagonia (Argentina) Claudia Julia del Río a,⁎, Sergio Agustín Martínez b,1 a Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales B. Rivadavia, A. Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina b Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Evolución de Cuencas, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay article info abstract Article history: A detailed quantitative analysis of bivalves and gastropods reported from Danian marine rocks of Patagonia Received 14 July 2014 (Argentina) allowed the identification of three molluscan biogeographic units that, from north to south, are Received in revised form 12 September 2014 identified as the Rocaguelian, Salamancan, and Dorotean Bioprovinces. Molluscan assemblages comprise Accepted 3 October 2014 Cosmopolitan, Paleoaustral, Gulf Coastal Plain and Endemic genera, which collectively give this fauna a distinctive Available online 15 October 2014 signature, preventing them to be considered as related to any other assemblages recorded in the high latitudes of Keywords: the Southern Hemisphere. Results obtained through the present research support the idea that the Weddellian Danian Province did not extend to Patagonia during Danian times, proving that the geographic isolation of this region dur- Bioprovinces ing that interval was enough to allow the development of separate biogeographic units from other austral regions. Molluscs Moreover, it is demonstrated that, although significant even in northern Patagonia, Paleoaustral taxa were not Patagonia dominant elements of Danian faunas. Composition of the molluscan faunas reflects the presence of warm- Argentina temperate waters in the region, and records a latitudinal temperature trend with slightly higher values in northern Paleobiogeography Patagonia than in the south. -
Genome Size and Chromosome Number of Ten Plant Species From
Genome size and chromosome number of ten plant species from Kerguelen Islands Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev, Francoise Lamy, Najat Takvorian, Nicolas Valentin, Valerie Gouesbet, Françoise Hennion, Thierry Robert To cite this version: Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev, Francoise Lamy, Najat Takvorian, Nicolas Valentin, Valerie Gouesbet, et al.. Genome size and chromosome number of ten plant species from Kerguelen Islands. Polar Biology, Springer Verlag, 2020, 43 (12), pp.1985-1999. 10.1007/s00300-020-02755-7. hal-02985456 HAL Id: hal-02985456 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02985456 Submitted on 17 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev1*, Françoise Lamy1,2, Najat Takvorian1,3, Nicolas Valentin4, 2 Valérie Gouesbet5, Françoise Hennion5, Thierry Robert1,3 3 4 Genome size and chromosome number of ten plant species from Kerguelen 5 Islands 6 7 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405, 8 Orsay, France 9 2Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, département de Biologie, 45 bd des Etats-Unis, -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Science at Sea: voyages of exploration and the making of marine knowledge, 1837-1843. Sarah Louise Millar Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2017 i Abstract This thesis is about the historical geography of scientific knowledge production at sea. It focuses on three expeditions of exploration and discovery undertaken, respectively, by France, the United States of America, and Britain, that in the late 1830s sailed into the southern oceans. These voyages marked the last such expeditions to travel by sail alone and came before an acknowledged period of specialized interest in investigating the oceans and the marine environment, exemplified by the sailing of HMS Challenger in 1872. The expeditions share a commonality of period and of destination: their study together provides a hitherto overlooked opportunity to analyse practices of experimentation on, and investigation of, the natural history and physical properties of the marine environment that were integral to the construction of scientific knowledge about the oceans at that time. -
Bibliography of Charles Darwin's Library
Bibliography of Charles Darwin’s Library 11 July 2011 1770. A dictionary of the English language. 2 vols. 4th ed. London: W. Strahan. Compiled by S. Johnson. [Down, S of Josiah Wedgwood]. 1816–1830. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, planches. Paris: F.G. Levrault. [CUL]. 1817; 1823. Journal of a horticultural tour through some parts of Flanders, Holland and the north of France in the autumn of 1817. Edinburgh; London: Bell and Bradfute; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown. [CUL]. 1819–1823. Introductory lectures in the year 1814, The Hunterian oration for the year 1819, and part of the Introductory lecture for the year 1815. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown. Introductory lectures, 1821 & 1823; Hunterian oration, 1819; 1815 Lecture, 1819. Bound with Abernethy, Physiological lectures, 1822. [CUL]. 1822–1831. Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle. Paris: Rey & Gravier. Vols 1–17. [Down, pre-B, on B, S in vol. 1]. 1823. A dictionary of chemistry. London: Thomas Tegg. [CUL, pre-B, S]. 1824–1826. Natural history. London: Whittaker. 2 volumes of plates. [Down, pre-B]. 1827. Die Hühner und Pfauzenzucht in ihren ganzen Umfange. Ulm: F. Ebnerschen. [CUL, pre-B]. 1828. Enten, Schwanen und Gänsezucht. Ulm: Ebnerschen Buchhandlung. [CUL]. 1828–1830. The farrier and naturalist. 3 vols. London: Simpkin & Marshall. Edited by a member of the Zoological Society of London. [CUL, pre-B]. 1829. Conversations on vegetable physiology. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green. Vols. 1 & 2. [Botany School, pre-B, FD, E. Catherine Darwin in vol. 1]. 1831. Dictionary of the Spanish and English languages. Vol. 1. 5th ed. London: Longman, Rees & Co. -
Systematics, Phylogeny and Biogeography of Juncaginaceae
Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Juncaginaceae Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades „Doktor der Naturwissenschaften“ am Fachbereich Biologie der Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Sabine von Mering geb. in Erfurt Mainz, Juni 2013 Dekan: 1. Berichterstatter: 2. Berichterstatter: Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Triglochin maritima L. Saltmarsh in Denmark (Photo: SvM). “For there are some plants which cannot live except in wet; and again these are distinguished from one another by their fondness for different kinds of wetness; so that some grow in marshes, others in lakes, others in rivers, others even in the sea […]. Some are water plants to the extent of being submerged, while some project a little from the water; of some again the roots and a small part of the stem are under the water, but the rest of the body is altogether above it.” Theophrastus (370‐c. 285 B.C.) on aquatic plants in Enquiry into Plants (Historia Plantarum) TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Phylogeny, systematics, and recircumscription of Juncaginaceae – a cosmopolitan wetland family 7 CHAPTER 2: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolution of Triglochin L. (Juncaginaceae) – morphological diversification is linked to habitat shifts rather than to genetic diversification 25 CHAPTER 3: Revision of the Mediterranean and southern African Triglochin bulbosa complex (Juncaginaceae) 51 CHAPTER 4: Tetroncium and its only species T. magellanicum (Juncaginaceae): distribution, ecology and lectotypification 91 CHAPTER 5: Morphology of Maundia supports its isolated phylogenetic position in the early‐divergent monocot order Alismatales 103 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 141 REFERENCES 143 APPENDICES 169 Appendix 1. List of accession (Chapter 1) Appendix 2. Voucher information (Chapter 2) Appendix 3.