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MINSHEW, Jr., Velon Haywood, 1939- GEOLOGY OF THE SCOTT GLACIER AND WISCONSIN RANGE AREAS, CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA.

The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1967 Geology

University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan

GEOLOGY OF THE SCOTT GLACIER AND WISCONSIN RANGE AREAS,
CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA

DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate
School of The Ohio State University

by
Velon Haywood Minshew, Jr. B.S., M.S,
The Ohio State University
1967

Approved by
-Adviser
Department of Geology
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report covers two field seasons in the central Transantarctic Mountains, During this time, the Mt, Weaver field party consisted of: George Doumani, leader and paleontologist; Larry Lackey, field assistant; Courtney Skinner, field assistant. The Wisconsin Range party was composed of: Gunter Faure, leader and geochronologist; John Mercer, glacial geologist; John Murtaugh, igneous petrclogist; James Teller, field assistant; Courtney Skinner, field assistant; Harry Gair, visiting s t r a ti - grapher. The author served as a stratigrapher with both expeditions .
Various members of the sta ff of the Department of Geology,
The Ohio State University, as well as some specialists from the outside were consulted in the laboratory studies for the preparation of this report. Dr. George E. Moore supervised the petrographic work and c ritic a lly reviewed the manuscript. Dr. J. M. Schopf examined the coal and plant fossils, and provided information concerning their age and environmental significance. Drs. Richard P. Goldthwait and Colin B. B. Bull spent time with the author discussing the late Paleozoic glacial deposits, and reviewed portions of the manuscript. Dr. Arthur Mirsky was helpful in numerous ways during the course of the research and in editing the report. Dr. Gunter Faure generously supplied

ii

unpublished data on the geochronology and chemistry of the basement rocks, and reviewed the manuscript. Dr. C. H. Schultz examined thin sections of the Permian pyroclastic rocks. Dr. Sambhudas Chaudhuri, Kansas State University, assisted in the X-ray diffraction analyses. Dr. Allison R. Palmer identified the trilo b ite s from the Leverett Formation, and Dr. Norman E. Newell examined pelecypod casts from the Weaver Formation. Drs. R. L. Bates, A. LaRocque, E. Rudolph reviewed the manuscript and offered many helpful suggestions.
Dr. C. H. Summerson, Department of Geology, The Ohio State
University, supervised the research, and spent one month in the field examining the stratigraphic sections of the Mt. Weaver area; the author is grateful to Professor Summerson for his continuous encouragement and assistance. The final order of this report is due in large part to his constructive criticism, although the author takes the responsibility for a ll opinions expressed.
The author is also indebted to his associates of the
Institute of Polar Studies for their many stimulating discussions and criticism s. P. J. Barrett, R. L. Cameron, D. E. E llio tt, K. R. Everett, J. L. Lindsay, and J. H. Mercer were especially helpful. As a result of our many discussions, i t is d iffic u lt to determine who f i r s t suggested some ideas.

i i i

Logistic support to the field was provided by the U. S. Navy,
Air Development Squadron Six. U. S. Array UH-1B turbine h e licopters of the Uo S. Army Aviation Detachment, Antarctic Support, were placed at the disposal of the field party both seasons. Without the assistance of these helicopters, the regional survey would not have been possible.
The author was assisted in the typing of the manuscript by
Miss Adda Jane L iggitt. Miss Pamela Minshew colored the geologic map.
This research was supported by National Science Foundations grants G-22542 and Ga-136, awarded to The Ohio State University Research Foundation, and administered by the In stitute of Polar Studies.

iv

VITA
January 11, 1939 1958-1959
Born, Carthage, Mississippi Laboratory Assistant, Department of Geology University of Southern Mississippi

B. Sc,, University of Southern Mississippi
1959
Teaching Assistant, Department of Geology University of Nebraska
1959-1962
M. Sc., University of Nebraska
1962

Research Associate, In stitu te of Polar Studies The Ohio State University
1962-present
Stratigrapher, Mt, Weaver Geologic Expedition
1962-1963 1964-1965
Antarctica Stratigrapher, Wisconsin Range Geologic Expedition Antarctica

v

PUBLICATIONS
Stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Meridian Sand in east central Mississippi, M. Sc, Thesis, University of Nebraska, 1962; abstract published in 1962 proceedings of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences.

Geology of Earth*s southernmost outcrops, (Abstract), with G. A. Doumani, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper No. 76, p. 50-51, 1964.

Stratigraphic section of the Robert Scott Glacier area, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica, (Abstract), with C. H. Summerson, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper No. 76, p. 312-313, 1964.

General geology of the Mount Weaver area, Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica, with G. A. Doumani, in Hadley, J. B., Ed., Geology and Paleontology of the Antarctic, V. 6, Antarctic Research Series, Amer. Geophys. Un., p. 71-116, 1965.

Potassium-Argon age from a granite at Mount Wilbur, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica, Science, 150 (3697), p. 741-743, 1965.

Stratigraphy of the Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica, Science, 152 (3722), p. 637-639, 1966.

Petrologic investigations of the Scott Glacier-Wisconsin Range, Antarctica, Antarctic Journal of the U. S., in press.

Late Paleozoic glacial stratigraphy, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, First International Symposium on Gondwana stratigraphy and paleontology, Buenos Aires, in press.

Permo-Carboniferous stratigraphy, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, with C. H. Summerson, Sixth International Congress of Carboniferous stratigraphy and geology, in press.

Thermal metamorphism of the Beacon Rocks, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, (A!> vact), for presentation of 1967 Geol. Soc. Amer. Annual Meeting, New Orleans.

vi

FIELDS OF STUDY

  • Geology
  • Major Field:

Studies in Stratigraphy. Professor Charles H. Summerson Studies in Sedimentation. Professor Charles H. Summerson Studies in Petrology, Professor George E. Moore Studies in Glacial Geology. Professor Richard P. Goldthwait Studies in Coal Geology. Professor J. M. Schopf

v ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

  • PREFACE . . .
  • .
  • i i

xv

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS..........................................................

INTRODUCTION......................................................... . . . . .

AREA OF INVESTIGATION..........................................................

xvii
16

  • 7
  • FIELD WORK

............................

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS......................................................

GEOMORPHOLOGY...........................................................................

WEATHERING CHARACTERISTICS..............................................

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY..............................................................

Historical background. . . . . . .......................... Scott Glacier and Wisconsin Range . . . . . .
8
10 13 20 20 22 26 26 28 28 30 34 34 34 36
STRATIGRAPHY .

Introduction .........................................

Basement s t r a t i g r a p h y ....................

..................................................................

Introduction

..............................................................

Granitic rocks . . ......................... . . . . . . . LaGorce Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definition and type a r e a ............................. Areal Distribution Thickness

....................

........................

v iii page

  • 36
  • Structure

P e tro lo g y ..............................................................

Primary s t r u c t u r e s ................. .................... Intrusive contacts . . . . . ..................... Paleontology . . . . . . . . .

.............................................= . . .

37

  • .
  • 38

38 38 39 39 41 41 41 41 42 42 43 43 48 49 50 51 52 52 52 54

Environment of deposition .............................

A g e .................................................

Wyatt Formation . . . . . . . . . .....................

  • Introduction
  • .

..............................................

Definition and type a r e a ........................ ..

Areal d i s t r i b u t i o n ..........................................

Lower c o n t a c t ........................
.

  • S t r u c tu r e
  • .

  • Thickness
  • . . . . .

P e tro lo g y .....................................

Chemical composition ......................................

Metarnorphism

......................................

O r i g i n ....................

A g e ...........................................................................

Leverett Formation ......................................................

Definition and type a r e a ............................ Areal distribution

.............................

T hick n ess..............................................................

ix page

Structure

.............................................................

54

S t r a t i g r a p h y ..........................................

54

Chemistry.................................................................

Primary structures .............................................

Paleontology and age. . . . . . . . .
60 61
61

Environment of deposition ................................

63

  • 64
  • Metamorphism

.....................................................

  • . . .
  • Basement correlations
  • 65

71 74 79
Isolated exposures of basement rocks . . . . Basement tectonics Beacon rocks
. . . . .
. . . . . . .

  • Introduction
  • .

.................................................

79
Buckeye Formation . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction . . . . . .....................................

Definition and type a r e a ................................

Areal d i s t r i b u t i o n .............................................

86
86 86 87

  • 89
  • Lower contact

.............................................

Thickness . . . . . . .................. . . . .
91

L ith o log y .................................................................

91
T illite

....................

.........................................

97
104 105
Chemistry

O r i g i n ..............................................................

  • Environments of deposition ............................
  • 107

  • Paleontology
  • . . . . . . .
  • Il l

xpage

A g e ..................... . . .

.............................

112 112 118 118 120 121 122 123 124 126 128 128 130 180 131 131 133 137 139 140 142 143
Directions of ice movement . . . . . .
Scott Glacier Formation . . . . . . . . .
Definition and type area . . . . . . . Areal distribution . . . . . . . . . . Lower c o n t a c t ........................
.
Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lithology..............................

Primary sedimentary structures . . . . Petrology .

................................

Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environment of deposition . . . . . . . Direction of ice movement .

.................

Age .........................................

Resume of the Antarctic glacial deposits . .

Introduction ............................. . . . . .

Ohio Range . . . . . . . . ..................... Nilsen Plateau

................................

Western Queen Maud Mountains ................. Queen Alexandra Range . . . . . . . . . Darwin Glacier area . . . . . . . . . . Pensacola Mountains . . . . . . . . . .

xi page

144

Ellsworth Mountains ................................. . . .

Victoria L an d ..........................................................

Regional analysis of ice movement
145 directions

..................... . . . . . . . . .

145 148 150 150 152 152 152 154 154 157 158 159 160 160 160 160 162 162 167 168 171
Mountain vs. continental glaciation . . . .

  • Weaver Formation
  • . . . . . . . . .

I n t r o d u c t i o n .................................................

Lower m em b er.........................................................

Areal distribution

...........................

Lower c o n t a c t .........................................................

T hickness..................................................................

L ith o lo g y ..................................................................

Chemistry

......................................................

Primary sedimentary structures ..................... Paleontology . . . . . . . . . . ................. Middle member . . . ..................... . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Areal distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . Lower contact Thickness . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . Lithology . . . . . . . . . ......................... Primary sedimentary structures . . . . . . Regional stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . .

....................

Dpper member

....................................................

x ii page

171

Areal d i s t r i b u t i o n .................................................

  • Lower c o n t a c t .......................... . . . . . .
  • .
  • 171

173 173
T h i c k n e s s ..................... . . . . . . . . . . .

Lithology . . . . . . .........................................

Chemistry ................................. . . . . . . . .

Primary sedimentary structures . . . . . . . Paleontology ..................... . . . . . . . . . .
Regional distribution of the Weaver Formation . . Environment of deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . Paleoslope of the Weaver Formation .........................
177 179 180 182 189 194 199 200 200 200 201 201 204 204 210 216 222 225 227 229
Age of the Weaver Formation .

.................................

Queen Maud F o r m a tio n ....................
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . ..................... Definition and type area Areal distribution
.

.........................

.............................

Lower contact . . . . . . . . .........................

  • Thickness ..........................................................
  • .

S tra tig ra p h y ........................

Petrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geochemistry

............................

Primary sedimentary structures ................. . . Cyclic patterns of deposition ......................... Origin

........................

Paleontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x iii page

Regional correlations .........................................

P a l e o s l o p e ......................... .. ...........................

231 234 236 237 239 243 245 248 253 255' 256 257 259 262

  • Age
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Provenance of the Beacon r o c k s ..................... . . . Metamorphism of the Beacon rocks . . . „ . . . .

  • Temperature of metamnrphism „ . . . . . .
  • .

DIABASE INTRUSIVES..................................................................

CENOZOIC VOLCANIC HOCKS CENOZOIC GLACIAL DEPOSITS
Ice-cored moraines

.............................

. . . . .

..............................................................

  • . . . . . .
  • Stranded moraines . .

A g e ......................................................................................

GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE POST-BASEMENT HOCKS .................

REFERENCES.................................................................

xiv

LIST OF TABLES

'Junr

Chemical compositions of weathered and unweathered sample of claystone . . . . . .
1
K-Ar data on a dated granitic rock from Mt. W e a v e r .............................................

2

  • 3
  • Mineralogy of the Wyatt Formation in the

Scott Glacier area

............................

.
Chemical composition of a rhyodacite of the

Wyatt Formation .........................................

4
Chemical composition of a rhyolite from the Leverett Formation . . . . .............................
5
Mineralogy of glacio-lacustrine sediments

of the Buckeye Formation .................................

6

Pebble count data from the Buckeye Formation,

T illite Spur .........................................................

7
Pebble count data from the Buckeye Formation,

Long Hills .............................................................

8

Mineralogy of t i l l i t e of the Buckeye
9
Formation

.....................

Chemical composition of a t i l l i t e of the

Buckeye Formation ................................. . . . .

10

11

12

13 14
Recognition c rite ria of Antarctic glacial deposits . . . . . . . ..................... . . . .

Pebble count data from the Scott Glacier

Formation..................................................... ....

Chemical composition of a t i l l i t e of the Scott Glacier Formation ................. . . . . .

Chemical composition of a laumontite cemented sandstone of the lower member of the Weaver Formation . . . . . . . ................. . . . . .

xv

  • Number
  • page

166 176 178 212 219 251

  • 15
  • Mineralogy of samples of the middle member

of the Weaver Formation ................. . . . . .

16

17 18 19 20
Mineralogy of samples of the upper member of the Weaver Formation.............................

Chemical composition of samples of the upper member of the Weaver Formation . . .

Mineralogy of samples of the Queen Maud Formation

........................................

Chemical composition of samples of the Queen Maud Format ion

........................

Chemical composition and mode of a basalt from Mt. Early

........................

xvi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  • Figure
  • page

12
Index map of the Antarctic . . . . . . . . . . Geologic map of the central Transantarctic
3in

  • Mountains .
  • . . . . . . . . . . .
  • pocket

3456

  • Index map of the Scott Glacier area . . . . .
  • 4

  • 5
  • Index map of the Wisconsin Range area

Polygonal weathering on coal
. . . .

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    SPRING/SUMMER 2017 Division of Marketing and Communications • Spring/Summer 2017 UMaineToday 5703 Alumni Hall Orono, ME 04469-5703 Out for blood How do we stem the growing threat Today of ticks in Maine? CREATIVITY AND ACHIEVEMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT AND ACHIEVEMENT CREATIVITY UMaine OLLABORATING FOR the common good message is rewarding and empowering. There is real value in working together with shared vision, Cunderstanding that there is strength in num- bers, that leadership takes many forms and that no single person can think of everything. As Maine’s public research university with a President’s statewide mission, we’ve always been in the role of problem solving, helping discover what’s next and communicating evidence-based knowledge to meet needs. UMaine partnerships are forged among scholars and researchers in different disciplines, and with com- munity groups and organizations to benefit the people we serve. And throughout these efforts, students can gain real-world experience and be engaged in public service. Take the multiple UMaine research and outreach efforts to help the state address its growing human and animal health issues related to tick-borne illnesses. UMaine Cooperative Extension has long been on the front lines of tick identification. In the ongoing search for answers, UMaine faculty, staff and students are involved in research in varied fields, and in part- nership with agencies such as the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. And with the help of a 2014 bond approved by Maine voters, the state will soon have a new laboratory administered by UMaine Extension to improve the protection of our human health, food and natural resource-based econ- omy.
  • Rb-Sr Provenance Dates of Feldspar in Glacial Deposits of the Wisconsin Range, Transantarctic Mountains

    Rb-Sr Provenance Dates of Feldspar in Glacial Deposits of the Wisconsin Range, Transantarctic Mountains

    Rb-Sr provenance dates of feldspar in glacial deposits of the Wisconsin Range, Transantarctic Mountains q F/XUR.E ' I Department of Geology and Mineralogy and Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, J H MERCER ' °hi°43210 ABSTRACT than those of feldspar in the plateau till and range only from 0.46 to 0.66. Nevertheless, three feldspar fractions form a straight line on Glacial deposits in the Wisconsin Range (lat. 85° to 86°30'S, the Rb-Sr isochron diagram, the slope of which indicates a date of long. 120° to 130°W) of the Transantarctic Mountains include a 576 ± 21 Ma. The difference in the date derived from the feldspar of deposit of till on the summit plateau at an elevation of 2,500 m the glaciolacustrine sedimeyt may be caused by the presence of a above sea level and glaciolacustrine sediments along the Reedy component of Precambrian feldspar derived from the East Antarc- Glacier. The plateau till and underlying sediments consist of six tic Shield. units that appear to record the replacement of ice-free, periglacial conditions by ice cap glaciation of pre-Pleistocene age. Alterna- INTRODUCTION tively, the plateau till may have been deposited by the East Antarc- tic ice sheet either when it was thicker than at present or when the The glaciation of Antarctica in Cenozoic time was an important Wisconsin Range was lower in elevation. Feldspar size fractions event in the history of the Earth, the effects of which continue to from the plateau till have Rb/Sr ratios that increase with grain size influence climatic conditions and sea level.
  • Project ICEFLOW

    Project ICEFLOW

    ICEFLOW: short-term movements in the Cryosphere Bas Altena Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo. now at: Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research, Utrecht University. Bas Altena, project Iceflow geometric properties from optical remote sensing Bas Altena, project Iceflow Sentinel-2 Fast flow through icefall [published] Ensemble matching of repeat satellite images applied to measure fast-changing ice flow, verified with mountain climber trajectories on Khumbu icefall, Mount Everest. Journal of Glaciology. [outreach] see also ESA Sentinel Online: Copernicus Sentinel-2 monitors glacier icefall, helping climbers ascend Mount Everest Bas Altena, project Iceflow Sentinel-2 Fast flow through icefall 0 1 2 km glacier surface speed [meter/day] Khumbu Glacier 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Mt. Everest 300 1800 1200 600 0 2/4 right 0 5/4 4/4 left 4/4 2/4 R 3/4 L -300 terrain slope [deg] Nuptse surface velocity contours Western Chm interval per 1/4 [meter/day] 10◦ 20◦ 30◦ 40◦ [outreach] see also Adventure Mountain: Mount Everest: The way the Khumbu Icefall flows Bas Altena, project Iceflow Sentinel-2 Fast flow through icefall ∆H Ut=2000 U t=2020 H internal velocity profile icefall α 2A @H 3 U = − 3+2 H tan αρgH @x MSc thesis research at Wageningen University Bas Altena, project Iceflow Quantifying precision in velocity products 557 200 557 600 7 666 200 NCC 7 666 000 score 1 7 665 800 Θ 0.5 0 7 665 600 557 460 557 480 557 500 557 520 7 665 800 search space zoom in template/chip correlation surface 7 666 200 7 666 200 7 666 000 7 666 000 7 665 800 7 665 800 7 665 600 7 665 600 557 200 557 600 557 200 557 600 [submitted] Dispersion estimation of remotely sensed glacier displacements for better error propagation.
  • List of Place-Names in Antarctica Introduced by Poland in 1978-1990

    List of Place-Names in Antarctica Introduced by Poland in 1978-1990

    POLISH POLAR RESEARCH 13 3-4 273-302 1992 List of place-names in Antarctica introduced by Poland in 1978-1990 The place-names listed here in alphabetical order, have been introduced to the areas of King George Island and parts of Nelson Island (West Antarctica), and the surroundings of A. B. Dobrowolski Station at Bunger Hills (East Antarctica) as the result of Polish activities in these regions during the period of 1977-1990. The place-names connected with the activities of the Polish H. Arctowski Station have been* published by Birkenmajer (1980, 1984) and Tokarski (1981). Some of them were used on the Polish maps: 1:50,000 Admiralty Bay and 1:5,000 Lions Rump. The sheet reference is to the maps 1:200,000 scale, British Antarctic Territory, South Shetland Islands, published in 1968: King George Island (sheet W 62 58) and Bridgeman Island (Sheet W 62 56). The place-names connected with the activities of the Polish A. B. Dobrowolski Station have been published by Battke (1985) and used on the map 1:5,000 Antarctic Territory — Bunger Oasis. Agat Point. 6211'30" S, 58'26" W (King George Island) Small basaltic promontory with numerous agates (hence the name), immediately north of Staszek Cove. Admiralty Bay. Sheet W 62 58. Polish name: Przylądek Agat (Birkenmajer, 1980) Ambona. 62"09'30" S, 58°29' W (King George Island) Small rock ledge, 85 m a. s. 1. {ambona, Pol. = pulpit), above Arctowski Station, Admiralty Bay, Sheet W 62 58 (Birkenmajer, 1980). Andrzej Ridge. 62"02' S, 58° 13' W (King George Island) Ridge in Rose Peak massif, Arctowski Mountains.
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules

    Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules

    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 23, 2019 / Rules and Regulations 16791 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require Agricultural commodities, Pesticides SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The any special considerations under and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as Executive Order 12898, entitled requirements. amended (‘‘ACA’’) (16 U.S.C. 2401, et ‘‘Federal Actions to Address Dated: April 12, 2019. seq.) implements the Protocol on Environmental Justice in Minority Environmental Protection to the Richard P. Keigwin, Jr., Populations and Low-Income Antarctic Treaty (‘‘the Protocol’’). Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. Annex V contains provisions for the 1994). Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is protection of specially designated areas Since tolerances and exemptions that amended as follows: specially managed areas and historic are established on the basis of a petition sites and monuments. Section 2405 of under FFDCA section 408(d), such as PART 180—[AMENDED] title 16 of the ACA directs the Director the tolerance exemption in this action, of the National Science Foundation to ■ do not require the issuance of a 1. The authority citation for part 180 issue such regulations as are necessary proposed rule, the requirements of the continues to read as follows: and appropriate to implement Annex V Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. to the Protocol. et seq.) do not apply. ■ 2. Add § 180.1365 to subpart D to read The Antarctic Treaty Parties, which This action directly regulates growers, as follows: includes the United States, periodically food processors, food handlers, and food adopt measures to establish, consolidate retailers, not States or tribes.