Vermont Law School Faculty Working Paper State Judicial Elections and Environmental Law: Case Studies of Montana, North Carolina, Washington and Wisconsin John Echeverria Professor of Law Vermont Law School 164 Chelsea Street South Royalton, VT 05068
[email protected] Forthcoming in the Vermont Journal of Environmental Law Vermont Law School Paper No. 19-14 Pre-Publication Draft State Judicial Elections and Environmental Law: Case Studies of Montana, North Carolina, Washington and Wisconsin. John Echeverria Vermont Law School October 12, 2014 Introduction and Overview This paper presents case studies of the judicial electoral process and its implications for environmental legal protections in four states: Montana, North Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin. Academics and other researchers have documented the growing partisan competition and increasingly high levels of expenditures in state judicial elections.1 Prior research has also documented the efforts by various special interests to influence the ideological complexion of the state courts by supporting or opposing specific candidates for judicial office.2 This paper builds upon this prior work by attempting to determine whether successful efforts to change the personnel sitting on specific state courts have, in fact, influenced subsequent rulings by these courts in environmental cases, as intended by certain advocates. The federal courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court in particular, play a more visible role in the development of environmental law than the state courts. But the