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Parte Seconda PARTE SECONDA 103 NOMI CORRETTI DEI FUNGHI E DEI LORO AUTORI 104 INTRODUZIONE La nomenclatura fungina e la corretta attribuzione delle autorità ai singoli taxa rappresentano uno dei tanti campi minati della micologia. La prima, infatti, è in continua evoluzione di pari passo con i numerosi cambiamenti tassonomici scaturiti da sempre più sofisticati studi genetici. La seconda non è così evolutiva, ma è certamente più soggetta a errori umani, che derivano, in genere, o da una cattiva interpretazione del Codice Internazionale di Nomenclatura Botanica (ICBN) o dalla superficialità di alcuni, talvolta di molti, micologi, che nei loro lavori trascrivono pedissequamente il nome delle autorità riportate da altri colleghi, fidandosi della loro autorevolezza. Ne consegue che un eventuale errore di attribuzione venga sovente perpetrato nel tempo. Scopo di questo lavoro è di ridurre al massimo la riproduzione degli errori di attribuzione, fornendo al micologo volenteroso una guida facilmente consultabile che, lungi dal voler rappresentare la verità assoluta nel campo delle autorità fungine, costituisca un tentativo di fornire a tutti lo stesso linguaggio. Lo sforzo, notevole, da noi compiuto in questa direzione si è basato sulla consultazione di antiche opere micologiche, la cui difficile accessibilità innesca sovente gli errori di cui sopra, e di autorevoli lavori moderni, sia divulgativi che monografici. La molla verso una ricerca più approfondita è scattata, da parte nostra, ogni qualvolta abbiamo trovato, anche in una soltanto delle opere moderne da noi ritenute più autorevoli, un binomio accompagnato da un’autorità differente da quella riportata nelle altre opere. Nel caso in cui l’autorità riferita fosse la stessa in tutte le opere consultate, ci siamo limitati a verificare la veridicità di quanto riportato, consultando il protologo e l’eventuale ricombinazione. Non abbiamo fatto ancora chiarezza sulle autorità di alcuni binomi, che pertanto non sono stati presentati in questo lavoro. Abbiamo preferito compilare una versione telematica, anziché cartacea, della nostra opera, in quanto più facilmente accessibile e aggiornabile. Abbiamo ritenuto utile arricchire il testo di note esplicative, riguardanti soprattutto la corretta pronunzia di alcuni nomi. Per quanto riguarda le abbreviazioni dei nomi degli autori di taxa fungini abbiamo seguito quelle unanimemente riconosciute e rese obbligatorie dalle più importanti riviste micologiche internazionali, vale a dire quelle proposte nella seconda versione di “Authors of Fungal Names” (CABI Bioscience, 2003). Francesco Doveri 105 A Abortiporus biennis (Bull. : Fr.) Singer La "o" di "porus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Acetabula leucomelaena (Pers.) Sacc. Persoon (in Mycologia Europaea, 1822) ha pubblicato questo taxon con il nome specifico "leucomelas", che deriva dal greco "= bianco e nero" e che, in qualità di aggettivo, deve seguire il genere grammaticale del nome che lo precede. Dal momento che Acetabula è femminile, ci appare corretto scrivere leucomelaena, come appare in alcuni testi e come indicato dall'art. 23.5 dell'ICBN. Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel Acrospermum corrugatum Ellis Agaricus abruptibulbus Peck Agaricus albertii Bon Agaricus annae Pilát Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. var. purpurascens Cooke Agaricus augustus Fr. Agaricus augustus Fr. var. perrarus (Schulzer) Bon & Cappelli Agaricus bernardii (Quél. in Cooke & Quélet) Sacc. Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Agaricus bresadolanus Bohus Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. bisporus (J.E. Lange) Kligman La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. hortensis Cooke Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. squamulosus (Rea) Pilát Agaricus comtulus Fr. Agaricus cookeanus Bon 106 Agaricus devoniensis P.D. Orton Agaricus dulcidulus Schulzer in Kalchbr. Agaricus essettei Bon Agaricus excellens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus floccipes (F.H. Møller) Bohus Agaricus fuscofibrillosus (F.H. Møller) Pilát Agaricus gennadii (Chatin & Boud.) P.D. Orton Agaricus haemorrhoidarius Schulzer in Kalchbr. Agaricus impudicus (Rea) Pilát Leggere impudícus e non impúdicus in quanto la penultima sillaba è lunga. Agaricus langei (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus leucotrichus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller. Leggere leucóthricus e non leucothrícus. Agaricus litoralis (Wakef. & A. Pearson) Pilát [ut 'littoralis'] Agaricus luteomaculatus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus macrocarpus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus macrosporus (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Pilát La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus maleolens F.H. Møller La “o” di “-olens (dal latino = “che ha odore di”) è breve, di conseguenza tutte le parole con tale suffisso sono sdrucciole, cioè si leggono con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba (es. maléolens). Agaricus maskae Pilát Agaricus menieri Bon Agaricus moelleri Wasser Agaricus moellerianus Bon Agaricus niveolutescens Huijsman Agaricus nivescens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus osecanus Pilát Agaricus pampeanus Speg. Agaricus perrarus Schulzer Agaricus pilatianus (Bohus) Bohus 107 Agaricus placomyces Peck Leggere placómyces e non placomýces. Agaricus platypus Cooke & Massee Agaricus porphyrizon P.D. Orton Agaricus praeclaresquamosus A.E. Freeman var. praeclaresquamosus. Agaricus praeclaresquamosus A.E. Freeman var. terricolor (F.H. Porre l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba in Møller) Bon & Cappelli quanto la prima "o" di "color" è breve. Agaricus pseudopratensis (Bohus) Wasser Agaricus pseudopratensis (Bohus) Wasser var. niveus Bohus Agaricus pseudovillaticus Rauscher Agaricus purpurellus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus romagnesii Wasser Agaricus rubellus (Gillet) Sacc. Agaricus semotus Fr. Agaricus spissicaulis F.H. Møller Agaricus subperonatus (J.E. Lange) Singer Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. var. pallens Pilát Agaricus sylvicola (Vittad.) Peck La desinenza è corretta: tutti i sostantivi appositivi che terminano in "-cola" = dal latino "io abito, abitante" mantengono la propria declinazione, indipendentemente da quella del nome generico che precede (art. 23.5 ICBN). Agaricus tenuivolvatus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus urinascens (Jul. Schäff. & F.H. Møller) Singer Agaricus vaporarius (Pers.) Cappelli Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. In questo caso il sostantivo greco “derma” è stato aggettivato in latino, di conseguenza assume lo stesso genere del sostantivo che lo precede. Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. var. griseus (A. Pearson) Bon & Cappelli Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. var. lepiotoides Maire Ricordarsi di pronunciare tutte le parole che terminano in "-ídes" (= "simile a") con l'accento sulla "i" (derivata dal dittongo greco "ei") della penultima sillaba. 108 Agaricus xantholepis (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Come in tutti i composti che terminano in "- lepis" (dal latino, a sua volta dal greco = "pelle, scaglia, squama"), l'accento va collocato sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve. Agrocybe aegirita (V. Brig.) Fayod Agròcybe deve essere pronunciata con accento grave sulla terzultima sillaba. Agrocybe allocystis Singer Agrocybe amara (Murrill) Singer Agrocybe aporata Watling & S.P. Abraham Agrocybe arenaria (Peck) Singer Agrocybe arenicola (Berk.) Singer Agrocybe arvalis (Fr. : Fr.) Singer Agrocybe broadwayi (Murrill) Dennis var. indica Natarajan & Raman Agrocybe brunneola (Fr.) Bon Agrocybe calicutensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe carbonicola Migl. & Coccia Agrocybe carolae Arras, Brotzu, Contu & Piga Agrocybe chrysocystidiata Guzmán & V. Mora Agrocybe coniferarum Raithelh. Agrocybe coprophila Singer Gli epiteti che terminano in -philus, a, um devono essere pronunciati con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve (parola sdrucciola). Agrocybe cyanescens Contu Pronunciare cyanéscens (penultima sillaba lunga) e non cyánescens. Agrocybe cylindracea (DC. : Fr.) Maire Agrocybe dura (Bolton) Singer Agrocybe earlei (Murrill) Watling Agrocybe erebia (Fr. : Fr.) Kühner Agrocybe fimicola (Speg.) Singer Agrocybe gibberosa (Fr.) Fayod Agrocybe guruvayoorensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe hortensis (Burt) Singer 109 Agrocybe indica Watling & S.P. Abraham Agrocybe irritans Raithelh. Agrocybe karnatakensis Sathe & S.M. Kulk. Agrocybe malesiana Watling Agrocybe manihotis Pegler, var. manihotis. Agrocybe manihotis Pegler var. microspora Natarajan & Raman La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agrocybe metuloidaephora Ballero, Contu & Martis Tutte le parole che terminano in -phorus, a, um (= “che porta, che ha”) sono sdrucciole, vale a dire da pronunciare con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve. Agrocybe molesta (Lasch) Singer Agrocybe molesta (Lasch) Singer var. xanthophylla Bon & Courtec. Agrocybe mullauna Grgur. Agrocybe munnarensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe musae (Earle) Pegler Agrocybe musicola Natarajan & Purush. Agrocybe occidentalis Watling & H.E. Bigelow Agrocybe ochracea Nauta Agrocybe olivacea Watling & G.M. Taylor Agrocybe paludosa (J.E. Lange) Kühner & Romagn. Agrocybe parasitica G. Stev.
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