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PARTE SECONDA 103 NOMI CORRETTI DEI FUNGHI E DEI LORO AUTORI 104 INTRODUZIONE La nomenclatura fungina e la corretta attribuzione delle autorità ai singoli taxa rappresentano uno dei tanti campi minati della micologia. La prima, infatti, è in continua evoluzione di pari passo con i numerosi cambiamenti tassonomici scaturiti da sempre più sofisticati studi genetici. La seconda non è così evolutiva, ma è certamente più soggetta a errori umani, che derivano, in genere, o da una cattiva interpretazione del Codice Internazionale di Nomenclatura Botanica (ICBN) o dalla superficialità di alcuni, talvolta di molti, micologi, che nei loro lavori trascrivono pedissequamente il nome delle autorità riportate da altri colleghi, fidandosi della loro autorevolezza. Ne consegue che un eventuale errore di attribuzione venga sovente perpetrato nel tempo. Scopo di questo lavoro è di ridurre al massimo la riproduzione degli errori di attribuzione, fornendo al micologo volenteroso una guida facilmente consultabile che, lungi dal voler rappresentare la verità assoluta nel campo delle autorità fungine, costituisca un tentativo di fornire a tutti lo stesso linguaggio. Lo sforzo, notevole, da noi compiuto in questa direzione si è basato sulla consultazione di antiche opere micologiche, la cui difficile accessibilità innesca sovente gli errori di cui sopra, e di autorevoli lavori moderni, sia divulgativi che monografici. La molla verso una ricerca più approfondita è scattata, da parte nostra, ogni qualvolta abbiamo trovato, anche in una soltanto delle opere moderne da noi ritenute più autorevoli, un binomio accompagnato da un’autorità differente da quella riportata nelle altre opere. Nel caso in cui l’autorità riferita fosse la stessa in tutte le opere consultate, ci siamo limitati a verificare la veridicità di quanto riportato, consultando il protologo e l’eventuale ricombinazione. Non abbiamo fatto ancora chiarezza sulle autorità di alcuni binomi, che pertanto non sono stati presentati in questo lavoro. Abbiamo preferito compilare una versione telematica, anziché cartacea, della nostra opera, in quanto più facilmente accessibile e aggiornabile. Abbiamo ritenuto utile arricchire il testo di note esplicative, riguardanti soprattutto la corretta pronunzia di alcuni nomi. Per quanto riguarda le abbreviazioni dei nomi degli autori di taxa fungini abbiamo seguito quelle unanimemente riconosciute e rese obbligatorie dalle più importanti riviste micologiche internazionali, vale a dire quelle proposte nella seconda versione di “Authors of Fungal Names” (CABI Bioscience, 2003). Francesco Doveri 105 A Abortiporus biennis (Bull. : Fr.) Singer La "o" di "porus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Acetabula leucomelaena (Pers.) Sacc. Persoon (in Mycologia Europaea, 1822) ha pubblicato questo taxon con il nome specifico "leucomelas", che deriva dal greco "= bianco e nero" e che, in qualità di aggettivo, deve seguire il genere grammaticale del nome che lo precede. Dal momento che Acetabula è femminile, ci appare corretto scrivere leucomelaena, come appare in alcuni testi e come indicato dall'art. 23.5 dell'ICBN. Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel Acrospermum corrugatum Ellis Agaricus abruptibulbus Peck Agaricus albertii Bon Agaricus annae Pilát Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. var. purpurascens Cooke Agaricus augustus Fr. Agaricus augustus Fr. var. perrarus (Schulzer) Bon & Cappelli Agaricus bernardii (Quél. in Cooke & Quélet) Sacc. Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Agaricus bresadolanus Bohus Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. bisporus (J.E. Lange) Kligman La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. hortensis Cooke Agaricus campestris L. : Fr. var. squamulosus (Rea) Pilát Agaricus comtulus Fr. Agaricus cookeanus Bon 106 Agaricus devoniensis P.D. Orton Agaricus dulcidulus Schulzer in Kalchbr. Agaricus essettei Bon Agaricus excellens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus floccipes (F.H. Møller) Bohus Agaricus fuscofibrillosus (F.H. Møller) Pilát Agaricus gennadii (Chatin & Boud.) P.D. Orton Agaricus haemorrhoidarius Schulzer in Kalchbr. Agaricus impudicus (Rea) Pilát Leggere impudícus e non impúdicus in quanto la penultima sillaba è lunga. Agaricus langei (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus leucotrichus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller. Leggere leucóthricus e non leucothrícus. Agaricus litoralis (Wakef. & A. Pearson) Pilát [ut 'littoralis'] Agaricus luteomaculatus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus macrocarpus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus macrosporus (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Pilát La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agaricus maleolens F.H. Møller La “o” di “-olens (dal latino = “che ha odore di”) è breve, di conseguenza tutte le parole con tale suffisso sono sdrucciole, cioè si leggono con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba (es. maléolens). Agaricus maskae Pilát Agaricus menieri Bon Agaricus moelleri Wasser Agaricus moellerianus Bon Agaricus niveolutescens Huijsman Agaricus nivescens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus osecanus Pilát Agaricus pampeanus Speg. Agaricus perrarus Schulzer Agaricus pilatianus (Bohus) Bohus 107 Agaricus placomyces Peck Leggere placómyces e non placomýces. Agaricus platypus Cooke & Massee Agaricus porphyrizon P.D. Orton Agaricus praeclaresquamosus A.E. Freeman var. praeclaresquamosus. Agaricus praeclaresquamosus A.E. Freeman var. terricolor (F.H. Porre l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba in Møller) Bon & Cappelli quanto la prima "o" di "color" è breve. Agaricus pseudopratensis (Bohus) Wasser Agaricus pseudopratensis (Bohus) Wasser var. niveus Bohus Agaricus pseudovillaticus Rauscher Agaricus purpurellus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus romagnesii Wasser Agaricus rubellus (Gillet) Sacc. Agaricus semotus Fr. Agaricus spissicaulis F.H. Møller Agaricus subperonatus (J.E. Lange) Singer Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. var. pallens Pilát Agaricus sylvicola (Vittad.) Peck La desinenza è corretta: tutti i sostantivi appositivi che terminano in "-cola" = dal latino "io abito, abitante" mantengono la propria declinazione, indipendentemente da quella del nome generico che precede (art. 23.5 ICBN). Agaricus tenuivolvatus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Agaricus urinascens (Jul. Schäff. & F.H. Møller) Singer Agaricus vaporarius (Pers.) Cappelli Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. In questo caso il sostantivo greco “derma” è stato aggettivato in latino, di conseguenza assume lo stesso genere del sostantivo che lo precede. Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. var. griseus (A. Pearson) Bon & Cappelli Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. var. lepiotoides Maire Ricordarsi di pronunciare tutte le parole che terminano in "-ídes" (= "simile a") con l'accento sulla "i" (derivata dal dittongo greco "ei") della penultima sillaba. 108 Agaricus xantholepis (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Come in tutti i composti che terminano in "- lepis" (dal latino, a sua volta dal greco = "pelle, scaglia, squama"), l'accento va collocato sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve. Agrocybe aegirita (V. Brig.) Fayod Agròcybe deve essere pronunciata con accento grave sulla terzultima sillaba. Agrocybe allocystis Singer Agrocybe amara (Murrill) Singer Agrocybe aporata Watling & S.P. Abraham Agrocybe arenaria (Peck) Singer Agrocybe arenicola (Berk.) Singer Agrocybe arvalis (Fr. : Fr.) Singer Agrocybe broadwayi (Murrill) Dennis var. indica Natarajan & Raman Agrocybe brunneola (Fr.) Bon Agrocybe calicutensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe carbonicola Migl. & Coccia Agrocybe carolae Arras, Brotzu, Contu & Piga Agrocybe chrysocystidiata Guzmán & V. Mora Agrocybe coniferarum Raithelh. Agrocybe coprophila Singer Gli epiteti che terminano in -philus, a, um devono essere pronunciati con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve (parola sdrucciola). Agrocybe cyanescens Contu Pronunciare cyanéscens (penultima sillaba lunga) e non cyánescens. Agrocybe cylindracea (DC. : Fr.) Maire Agrocybe dura (Bolton) Singer Agrocybe earlei (Murrill) Watling Agrocybe erebia (Fr. : Fr.) Kühner Agrocybe fimicola (Speg.) Singer Agrocybe gibberosa (Fr.) Fayod Agrocybe guruvayoorensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe hortensis (Burt) Singer 109 Agrocybe indica Watling & S.P. Abraham Agrocybe irritans Raithelh. Agrocybe karnatakensis Sathe & S.M. Kulk. Agrocybe malesiana Watling Agrocybe manihotis Pegler, var. manihotis. Agrocybe manihotis Pegler var. microspora Natarajan & Raman La "o" di "sporus, a, um" è breve, per cui dobbiamo leggere con l'accento sulla terzultima sillaba (parola sdrucciola). Agrocybe metuloidaephora Ballero, Contu & Martis Tutte le parole che terminano in -phorus, a, um (= “che porta, che ha”) sono sdrucciole, vale a dire da pronunciare con l’accento sulla terzultima sillaba, in quanto la penultima è breve. Agrocybe molesta (Lasch) Singer Agrocybe molesta (Lasch) Singer var. xanthophylla Bon & Courtec. Agrocybe mullauna Grgur. Agrocybe munnarensis K.A. Thomas & Manim. Agrocybe musae (Earle) Pegler Agrocybe musicola Natarajan & Purush. Agrocybe occidentalis Watling & H.E. Bigelow Agrocybe ochracea Nauta Agrocybe olivacea Watling & G.M. Taylor Agrocybe paludosa (J.E. Lange) Kühner & Romagn. Agrocybe parasitica G. Stev.
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  • Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist

    Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist

    Mycol Progress (2016) 15:771–790 DOI 10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist Li-Wei Zhou1 & Karen K. Nakasone2 & Harold H. Burdsall Jr.2 & James Ginns3 & Josef Vlasák4 & Otto Miettinen5 & Viacheslav Spirin5 & Tuomo Niemelä 5 & Hai-Sheng Yuan1 & Shuang-Hui He6 & Bao-Kai Cui6 & Jia-Hui Xing6 & Yu-Cheng Dai6 Received: 20 May 2016 /Accepted: 9 June 2016 /Published online: 30 June 2016 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Profound changes to the taxonomy and classifica- 11 orders, while six other species from three genera have tion of polypores have occurred since the advent of molecular uncertain taxonomic position at the order level. Three orders, phylogenetics in the 1990s. The last major monograph of viz. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales, accom- North American polypores was published by Gilbertson and modate most of polypore species (93.7 %) and genera Ryvarden in 1986–1987. In the intervening 30 years, new (88.8 %). We hope that this updated checklist will inspire species, new combinations, and new records of polypores future studies in the polypore mycota of North America and were reported from North America. As a result, an updated contribute to the diversity and systematics of polypores checklist of North American polypores is needed to reflect the worldwide. polypore diversity in there. We recognize 492 species of polypores from 146 genera in North America. Of these, 232 Keywords Basidiomycota . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . species are unchanged from Gilbertson and Ryvarden’smono- Wood-decaying fungus graph, and 175 species required name or authority changes.
  • How to Distinguish Amanita Smithiana from Matsutake and Catathelasma Species

    How to Distinguish Amanita Smithiana from Matsutake and Catathelasma Species

    VOLUME 57: 1 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2017 www.namyco.org How to Distinguish Amanita smithiana from Matsutake and Catathelasma species By Michael W. Beug: Chair, NAMA Toxicology Committee A recent rash of mushroom poisonings involving liver failure in Oregon prompted Michael Beug to issue the following photos and information on distinguishing the differences between the toxic Amanita smithiana and edible Matsutake and Catathelasma. Distinguishing the choice edible Amanita smithiana Amanita smithiana Matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare) from the highly poisonous Amanita smithiana is best done by laying the stipe (stem) of the mushroom in the palm of your hand and then squeezing down on the stipe with your thumb, applying as much pressure as you can. Amanita smithiana is very firm but if you squeeze hard, the stipe will shatter. Matsutake The stipe of the Matsutake is much denser and will not shatter (unless it is riddled with insect larvae and is no longer in good edible condition). There are other important differences. The flesh of Matsutake peels or shreds like string cheese. Also, the stipe of the Matsutake is widest near the gills Matsutake and tapers gradually to a point while the stipe of Amanita smithiana tends to be bulbous and is usually widest right at ground level. The partial veil and ring of a Matsutake is membranous while the partial veil and ring of Amanita smithiana is powdery and readily flocculates into small pieces (often disappearing entirely). For most people the difference in odor is very distinctive. Most collections of Amanita smithiana have a bleach-like odor while Matsutake has a distinctive smell of old gym socks and cinnamon redhots (however, not all people can distinguish the odors).