DOCSLIB.ORG

XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Clinical Toxicology ISSN: 1556-3650 (Print) 1556-9519 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ictx20 XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta To cite this article: (2015) XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta, Clinical Toxicology, 53:4, 233-403, DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 Published online: 26 Mar 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 3422 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ictx20 Download by: [UPSTATE Medical University Health Sciences Library] Date: 28 December 2016, At: 10:31 Clinical Toxicology (2015), 53, 233–403 Copyright © 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN: 1556-3650 print / 1556-9519 online DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 ABSTRACTS XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian ’ s, Malta 1. Modelling dose-concentration-response Introduction: The American Association of Poison Control Cen- ters (AAPCC) published its fi rst annual report in 1983. Call data Ursula Gundert-Remy from sixteen US poison centers was chronicled in that report. Seven submitted data for the entire year. By July 2000, 63 centers Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charit é were part of the national poison center system, but only 59 submit- Medical School, Berlin, Germany ted data for the full year. Currently the US poison center system is comprised of 55 regional poison centers serving all 50 states, Introduction: It is the aim of modeling to quantitatively describe Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and three Pacifi c jurisdictions. The the relationship between dose, concentration and response and its centers continuously upload data to the AAPCC ’ s National Poison time course. Data System (NPDS). From 2000 forward, poison center call data Methods and results: Pharmaco-/toxicokinetic (PTK) data is infor- including fatality data is available from NPDS online. Since incep- mation about the entrance and fate within the body of a substance, tion of the PC database, exposure-related death analysis has been including its metabolites. The data needed to describe these phe- a priority. Over the years, death report evaluation methodology nomena can be obtained by in vivo experiments. With this approach, has evolved. A poison center death is defi ned as a poison center modeling means that the concentration-time profi le is driven by data call resulting in the medical outcome of Death associated with the and that key data (clearance, half-life) are derived from it (top down reported exposure. If no inquiry was made to the poison center, approach). Physiologically based PTK (PBPTK) modeling uses results a death is defi ned as Death, Indirect Report. The singular ques- from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies in a bottom up approach. tion that must be answered in reviewing and categorizing deaths This PBPTK modeling approach is helpful in estimating target organ is: Did the exposure cause the death? In 2000, only poison center doses that can be expected from human external exposure. The fact deaths (Death and Death, Indirect Report) judged to be probably or that PBPTK models are mechanism-based allows them to be “ generic ” undoubtedly related to the exposure were identifi ed in the annual to a certain extent enabling simulations and predictions of the kinetics report as poison-related fatalities. under special circumstances, e.g. the implementation of age- and dis- Methods: Beginning in 2006, a new system of evaluating and ease-dependent physiological changes and also the kinetics in organs classifying deaths was implemented. Each death (Direct or Death, which are experimentally diffi cult to access, e.g. the liver. The need Indirect Report) was evaluated by a medical and a clinical toxi- for high-quality in vitro and in silico data on absorption, distribution, cologist, reviewed by a medical toxicologist fatality manager and metabolism as well as excretion (ADME) as input for PBPTK models computer scored based on the review results. Deaths and Death, is necessary to predict human concentration-time profi le. Pharmaco-/ Indirect Reports were assigned to one of six Relative Contribution toxicokinetic-pharmaco-/toxicodynamic (PTK/PTD) modeling means to Fatality (RCF) categories. RCFs were designated separately by to develop a model for the concentration/AUC-effect relationship which the regional PC and the AAPCC review team with difference reso- is coupled to the PTK model. Empirical models are non-mechanistic lution part of the review process. The RCFs denote the probability and the parameters may be adequate for describing the longitudinal of the exposure substance(s) being responsible for the death: 1) data at hand (e.g. the time course of an effect), but that may not be Undoubtedly responsible (Proximate Cause of Death) - beyond a biologically relevant. A semi-mechanistic model is a compromise. reasonable doubt, 2) Probably responsible - some reasonable doubt Discussion and conclusion: The goal of modelling is to describe remains, 3) Contributory - the substance(s) alone did not cause the the time course of xenobiotic actions that are most represented in death, but combined with other factors, were partially responsible, the (PKPD) measurements or the responses (the “ data ” ), with sim- 4) Probably not responsible - establishes to a reasonable probabil- ple but adequate complexity. Physiologically-based modeling of ity, but not conclusively, that the death was not poison related, 5) pharmaco-/toxicodynamics requires an a priori knowledge on the Clearly not responsible (and Not Contributory) - establishes beyond underlying mechanisms causing toxicity or causing the disease. a reasonable doubt that the substance(s) did not cause the death, and 6) Unknown - insuffi cient evidence to establish a causative rela- 2. Epidemiology of fatal poisonings: National Poison tionship between the substance(s) and the death. The fi rst iteration Data System (NPDS) data 2000–2014 of this revised process was published in Table 21 of the 2006 NPDS Annual report and included fatalities with RCFs 1-4. Although all 1,2 Alvin C Bronstein deaths received by the poison centers were reported, only those 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado with an RCF of 1-4 were listed in Table 21. This changed with School of Medicine, Denver, USA; 2 Rocky Mountain Poison the 2007 report when only deaths with an RCF of 1, 2, or 3 were Center, Denver Health, Denver, USA listed. The reporting process changed again in the 2010 Annual 233 234 XXXV International Congress of the EAPCCT Report with Death, Indirect Report only being assigned a RCF by Objective: To review homicidal poisonings in the UK and else- the regional center. Thus this scoring process attempts to quantify where since 2000. exposure relatedness to the cause of death. Only deaths with an Methods: A systematic search of the newspaper database Nexis, RCF of 1, 2, or 3 are designated true poison related fatalities. together with online indexes of several relevant journals, for the Results: In 2000, 920 deaths (Direct and Death, Indirect Report) terms “ murder ” and “ poison ” . Languages were limited to English, were recorded. This number increased to 1728 deaths (Direct and Dutch, and French. Death, Indirect, includes all RCFs) by 15 December 2014. Although Results: Sixty-one separate cases in which murder or attempted NPDS human exposures peaked in 2008, the proportion of deaths murder was alleged or proven were identifi ed in 19 different coun- has remained relatively constant from 2000-2014 (15 December). tries. In one case a man became psychotic after taking 3-methoxy- The median number of all deaths was 1544 [range: 920, 2937] or phencyclidine, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, and repeatedly 0.06% [0.04, 0.13] (median [min, max]) of all human exposures. stabbed his father; and in another a man was found hanged by his Subtle differences are observed in exposure route and substance turban after having been poisoned with parathion. Otherwise, all count between all human exposures and deaths. Over the 15 year deaths or intended deaths were directly caused by poisoning. The period the top 3 routes for all human exposures were: Ingestion largest number killed was 42, poisoned with tetramine by a restau- (81.9%), Dermal (7.6%), and Inhalation/nasal (6.0%) compared to rateur after a row with a neighbouring restaurant in Nanjing, China. all reported deaths: Ingestion (79.4%), Inhalation/nasal (8.8%), and Arsenic, cyanide, and opioids were among the traditional poisons Parenteral (5.3%). Routes for fatalities with RCF 1, 2, or 3 were: used; and ricin and aconite among the plant poisons employed. Ingestion (83.8%), Inhalation/nasal (9.1%), and Parenteral (4.3%). A number of cases of poisoning by healthcare workers involved Although most human exposures were single substance exposures ajmaline, insulin, pethidine, potassium and suxamethonium. (90.7%), only 42.8% of all fatalities with RCF 1, 2, or 3 were due to Conclusion: Reports of murder by poisoning remain rare, but the one substance. In 2000, the top 5 substance categories associated with wide range of agents used, the potential diffi culties of diagnosis, human poisoning-related deaths were: Analgesics, Antidepressants, and the lack of systematic reporting make the true incidence of Sedative/Hypnotics/Antipsychotics, Stimulants and Street Drugs, homicidal poisoning diffi cult to ascertain. and Cardiovascular Drugs. By late 2014, this ranking had changed to Sedative/Hypnotics/Antipsychotics, Cardiovascular Drugs, Opioids, Stimulants and Street Drugs, and Alcohols, refl ecting changing use, 4.
Recommended publications
  • Picrotoxin-Like Channel Blockers of GABAA Receptors

    Picrotoxin-Like Channel Blockers of GABAA Receptors

    COMMENTARY Picrotoxin-like channel blockers of GABAA receptors Richard W. Olsen* Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735 icrotoxin (PTX) is the prototypic vous system. Instead of an acetylcholine antagonist of GABAA receptors (ACh) target, the cage convulsants are (GABARs), the primary media- noncompetitive GABAR antagonists act- tors of inhibitory neurotransmis- ing at the PTX site: they inhibit GABAR Psion (rapid and tonic) in the nervous currents and synapses in mammalian neu- system. Picrotoxinin (Fig. 1A), the active rons and inhibit [3H]dihydropicrotoxinin ingredient in this plant convulsant, struc- binding to GABAR sites in brain mem- turally does not resemble GABA, a sim- branes (7, 9). A potent example, t-butyl ple, small amino acid, but it is a polycylic bicyclophosphorothionate, is a major re- compound with no nitrogen atom. The search tool used to assay GABARs by compound somehow prevents ion flow radio-ligand binding (10). through the chloride channel activated by This drug target appears to be the site GABA in the GABAR, a member of the of action of the experimental convulsant cys-loop, ligand-gated ion channel super- pentylenetetrazol (1, 4) and numerous family. Unlike the competitive GABAR polychlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, antagonist bicuculline, PTX is clearly a including dieldrin, lindane, and fipronil, noncompetitive antagonist (NCA), acting compounds that have been applied in not at the GABA recognition site but per- huge amounts to the environment with haps within the ion channel. Thus PTX major agricultural economic impact (2). ͞ appears to be an excellent example of al- Some of the other potent toxicants insec- losteric modulation, which is extremely ticides were also radiolabeled and used to important in protein function in general characterize receptor action, allowing and especially for GABAR (1).
  • Cremisan Valley Site Management to Conserve People and Nature

    Cremisan Valley Site Management to Conserve People and Nature

    CREMISAN VALLEY SITE MANAGEMENT TO CONSERVE PEOPLE AND NATURE Prepared by Palestine Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainability, Bethlehem Universitry 2021 Table of Contents Abreviations…………………………………………………………………………...…ii Executive summary……………………………………………………………………...iii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2 Location ....................................................................................................................... 2 3 Geology and Paleontology........................................................................................... 5 4 Flora and habitat description ....................................................................................... 6 5 FAUNAL Studies ...................................................................................................... 14 5.1 Methods .............................................................................................................. 14 5.2 Invertebrates ....................................................................................................... 17 5.3 Vertebrates ......................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Mushrooms/Fungi .............................................................................................. 22 6 Humans – Anthropolgical issues ............................................................................... 26 6.1 Cremisan Monastery .........................................................................................
  • Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD

    Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD

    Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD August 2016 CONTENTS General Toxicology 6 Metals 30 Management 14 Pesticides 31 Drugs 16 Chemical Warfare 33 Chemical Incidents & 24 Plants 34 Pollution Chemicals 25 Animals 34 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Toxicity evaluation of α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP): results from intoxication cases within the STRIDA project Beck O, Franzén L, Bäckberg M, Signell P, Helander A. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 568-75. Context An increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) of different chemical classes have become available through marketing and sale over the Internet. This report from the Swedish STRIDA project presents the prevalence, laboratory results, and clinical features in a series of intoxications involving the stimulant NPS -pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP), a potent dopamine re-uptake inhibitor, over a 4-year period. Study design Observational case series of consecutive patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS presenting to hospitals in Sweden from 2012 to 2015. Patients and methods In the STRIDA project, blood and urine samples are collected from intoxicated patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS or unknown drugs presenting to hospitals over the country. Analysis of NPS is performed by mass spectrometry multicomponent methods. Clinical data are collected when caregivers consult the Swedish Poisons Information Centre Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England 2 (PIC), and retrieved from medical records.
  • Linkages Between Climate, Seasonal Wood Formation and Mycorrhizal

    Linkages Between Climate, Seasonal Wood Formation and Mycorrhizal

    *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 Linkages between climate, seasonal wood formation and 2 mycorrhizal mushroom yields 3 Authors: Irantzu Primiciaa,b, J. Julio Camareroc, Juan Martínez de Aragónd, Sergio de- 4 Miguele and José Antonio Bonetd,e 5 6 7 aFaculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences 8 Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6–Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic. 9 bDpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de 10 Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain 11 cInstituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC). Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 12 Zaragoza, Spain 13 dCentre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC-CEMFOR). Ctra. de St. Llorenç 14 de Morunys km 2, E-25280 Solsona, Spain 15 eDepartament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida- 16 Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Avda. Rovira Roure, 191, E-25198 Lleida, 17 Spain. 18 19 Email addresses: Primicia I. ([email protected])*, Camarero J.J. 20 ([email protected]), Martínez de Aragón J. ([email protected]), de-Miguel S. 21 ([email protected]), Bonet J.A. ([email protected]). 22 23 Corresponding author: Primicia, I. © 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 1 24 Abstract 25 Fungi provide important forest ecosystem services worldwide. In Mediterranean pine 26 forests, predicted warmer and drier conditions could lead to a decline in mushroom yields. 27 Climate is a key factor regulating both tree growth and fungal yields, particularly in drought- 28 prone Mediterranean ecosystems.
  • Theoretical Problem Icho 2018

    Theoretical Problem Icho 2018

    19th – 29th July 2018 Bratislava, SLOVAKIA Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC www.50icho.eu THEORETICAL PROBLEMS Country: Name as in passport: Student code: Language: 50th IChO 2018 International Chemistry Olympiad SLOVAKIA & CZECH REPUBLIC BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN XXX-X INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD / SLOVAKIA & CZECH REPUBLIC, 2018 Table of Contents Instructions ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Physical constants and equations ................................................................................................... 3 Problem 1. DNA .............................................................................................................................. 5 Problem 2. Repatriation of remains in the middle ages .................................................................. 14 Problem 3. Emerging electro-mobility ............................................................................................ 22 Problem 4. Column chromatography of radioactive copper ........................................................... 30 Problem 5. Bohemian garnet ......................................................................................................... 34 Problem 6. Let’s go mushrooming ................................................................................................. 41 Problem 7. Cidofovir ...................................................................................................................... 47
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.204,630 B2 Shirley Et Al

    (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.204,630 B2 Shirley Et Al

    USOO920463OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.204,630 B2 Shirley et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 8, 2015 (54) CAPSULE FORMULATION (58) Field of Classification Search CPC ... A01N 2300/00: A01N 43/90: A01N 47/02: (75) Inventors: Ian Malcolm Shirley, Bracknell (GB); A01N 25/22: A01N 25/28 Tanya Wright, Basel (CH); Robert See application file for complete search history. Michael Perrin, Bracknell (GB); Patrick Mulqueen, Bracknell (GB); Anne Waller, Bracknell (GB); Andy (56) References Cited Pierce, Bracknell (GB) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Syngenta Participations AG, Basel 4,440,756 A * 4/1984 Herve et al. ................... 514,521 (CH) 6,395,776 B1* 5/2002 Losel et al. ................... 514,531 2002/003730.6 A1* 3/2002 Van Koppenhagen et al. ............................. 424/408 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2004/O198704 A1* 10, 2004 Shuster et al. ... 514/151 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1634 days. 2004/0235898 A1* 11/2004 Klein et al. ................... 514,318 (21) Appl. No.: 11/817,068 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN 1386419 A 12/2002 (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 23, 2006 CN 149 1552 A 4/2004 DE 4009 141 A1 9, 1990 (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2006/OO1657 DE 19503157 A1 8, 1995 EP O761096 A 3, 1997 S371 (c)(1), WO 89,04170 A 5, 1989 (2), (4) Date: Aug. 19, 2008 WO OO/O5951. A 2, 2000 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2006/089747 OTHER PUBLICATIONS PCT Pub. Date: Aug. 31, 2006 Anonymous, “Pyrethrinoids Stabilized by Non-azo—dyes'.
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/00284.18 A1 Parker Et Al

    (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/00284.18 A1 Parker Et Al

    US 2011 002841 8A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/00284.18 A1 Parker et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 3, 2011 (54) USE OF GABBA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Publication Classification FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS AND DISORDERS ASSOCATED (51) Int. Cl. WITH EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS A63L/7028 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/557 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Kathy P. Parker, Rochester, NY A63L/335 (2006.01) (US); David B. Rye, Dunwoody, A63L/4355 (2006.01) GA (US); Andrew Jenkins, A63L/047 (2006.01) Decatur, GA (US) A6IP 25/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ........... 514/29: 514/220; 514/450, 514/291; FISH & RICHARDSON P.C. (AT) 5147738 P.O BOX 1022 Minneapolis, MN 55440-1022 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Emory University, Atlanta, GA GABA receptor mediated hypersomnia can be treated by (US) administering a GABA receptor antagonist (e.g., flumazenil; clarithromycin; picrotoxin; bicuculline; cicutoxin; and (21) Appl. No.: 12/922,044 oenanthotoxin). In some embodiments, the GABA receptor antagonist is flumazenil or clarithromycin. The GABA (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 12, 2009 receptor mediated hypersomnia includes shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, narco (86). PCT No.: PCT/USO9/37034 lepsy, excessive sleepiness, hypersomnia (e.g., idiopathic hypersomnia; recurrent hyperSonmia; endozepine related S371 (c)(1), recurrent stupor; and amphetamine resistant hyperSonmia), (2), (4) Date: Sep. 10, 2010 and excessive sleepiness associated with shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, and Related U.S. Application Data hypersomnia (e.g., idiopathic hypersomnia; recurrent hyper (60) Provisional application No.
  • Environmental Science Water Research & Technology

    Environmental Science Water Research & Technology

    Environmental Science Water Research & Technology View Article Online CRITICAL REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Hydrophilic trace organic contaminants in urban Cite this: Environ. Sci.: Water Res. stormwater: occurrence, toxicological relevance, Technol., 2020, 6,15 and the need to enhance green stormwater infrastructure Stephanie Spahr, †*ab Marc Teixidó, bc David L. Sedlak bc and Richard G. Luthy *ab Hydrophilic trace organic contaminants (hyphil-TrOCs) are polar, often ionizable organic compounds of anthropogenic origin that have various applications in the urban environment e.g., as pesticides, plasticizers, and flame retardants. Hyphil-TrOCs can be washed off in storm events and enter surface waters via untreated urban stormwater discharges or combined sewer overflows. Though trace concentrations of these chemicals may pose a risk to ecosystem and human health, information on their Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. presence in urban stormwater remains elusive. Monitoring and source apportionment of hyphil-TrOCs in urban stormwater is complicated by the vast number and sources of organic contaminants and the high variability in aqueous concentration over time and space. Here, we present the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and toxicological relevance of hyphil-TrOCs in urban stormwater. To mitigate negative impacts of contaminated surface runoff to receiving water bodies and to prevent sanitary or combined sewer overflows, many cities implement sustainable green stormwater infrastructure, also called best
  • Pyridoxine in Clinical Toxicology: a Review Philippe Lheureux, Andrea Penaloza and Mireille Gris

    Pyridoxine in Clinical Toxicology: a Review Philippe Lheureux, Andrea Penaloza and Mireille Gris

    78 Review Pyridoxine in clinical toxicology: a review Philippe Lheureux, Andrea Penaloza and Mireille Gris Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is a co-factor in many enzymatic controversial. This paper reviews the various indications pathways involved in amino acid metabolism: the main of pyridoxine in clinical toxicology and the supporting biologically active form is pyridoxal 5-phosphate. literature. The potential adverse effects of excessive Pyridoxine has been used as an antidote in acute pyridoxine dosage will also be summarized. intoxications, including isoniazid overdose, Gyromitra European Journal of Emergency Medicine 12:78–85 mushroom or false morrel (monomethylhydrazine) c 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. poisoning and hydrazine exposure. It is also recommended as a co-factor to improve the conversion of glyoxylic acid European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2005, 12:78–85 into glycine in ethylene glycol poisoning. Other indications Keywords: Antidotes, crimidin, drug-induced neuropathy, ethylene glycol, are recommended by some sources (for example crimidine hydrazine, isoniazid, metadoxine, pyridoxine poisoning, zipeprol and theophylline-induced seizures, adjunct to d-penicillamine chelation), without significant Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. supporting data. The value of pyridoxine or its congener Correspondence to Philippe Lheureux, Department of Emergency Medicine, metadoxine as an agent for hastening ethanol metabolism Erasme University Hospital, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium. or improving vigilance in acute alcohol intoxication is E-mail: [email protected] Introduction ing. More controversial issues include alcohol intoxication Pyridoxine or vitamin B6 is a highly water-soluble and zipeprol or theophylline-induced seizures. vitamin. Its main biologically active form is a phosphate ester of its aldehyde form, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P).
  • 1-Iodo-1-Pentyne

    1-Iodo-1-Pentyne

    MIAMI UNIVERSITY-THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CERTIFICATE FOR APPROVING THE DISSERTATION We hereby approve the Dissertation of Lizhi Zhu Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________ Robert E. Minto, Director ________________________________ John R. Grunwell, Reader ________________________________ John F. Sebastian, Reader ________________________________ Ann E. Hagerman, Reader ________________________________ Richard E. Lee, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT INVESTIGATING THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYACETYLENES: SYNTHESIS OF DEUTERATED LINOLEIC ACIDS & MECHANISM STUDIES OF DMDS ADDITION TO 1,4-ENYNES By Lizhi Zhu A wide range of polyacetylenic natural products possess antimicrobial, antitumor, and insecticidal properties. The biosyntheses of these natural products are widely distributed among fungi, algae, marine sponges, and higher plants. As details of the biosyntheses of these intriguing compounds remains scarce, it remains important to develop molecular probes and analytical methods to study polyacetylene secondary metabolism. An effective pathway to prepare selectively deuterium-labeled linoleic acids was developed. By this Pd-catalyzed method, deuterium can be easily introduced into the vinyl position providing deuterolinoleates with very high isotopic purity. This method also provides a general route for the construction of 1,4-diene derivatives with different chain lengths and 1,4-diene locations. Linoleic acid derivatives (12-d, 13-d and 16,16,17,17,18,18,18-d7) were synthesized according to this method. A stereoselective synthesis of methyl (14Z)- and (14E)-dehydrocrepenynate was achieved in five to six steps that employed Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to construct the double bonds between C14 and C15. Compared with earlier methods, the improved syntheses are more convenient (no spinning band distillations or GLC separation of diastereomers were necessary) and higher Z/E ratios were obtained.
  • Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx

    Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx

    8/18/14 Introduc?on to Objecves Herbal Medicine ● Discuss history and role of psychedelic herbs Part II: Psychedelics, in medicine and illness. Legal Highs, and ● List herbs used as emerging legal and illicit Herbal Poisons drugs of abuse. ● Associate main plant and fungal families with Jason Schoneman RN, MS, AGCNS-BC representave poisonous compounds. The University of Texas at Aus?n ● Discuss clinical management of main toxic Schultes et al., 1992 compounds. Psychedelics Sacraments: spiritual tools or sacred medicine by non-Western cultures vs. Dangerous drugs of abuse vs. Research and clinical tools for mental and physical http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0703.htm disorders History History ● Shamanic divinaon ○ S;mulus for spirituality/religion http://orderofthesacredspiral.blogspot.com/2012/06/t- mckenna-on-psilocybin.html http://www.cosmicelk.net/Chukchidirections.htm 1 8/18/14 History History http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/10/hallucinogenic- weapons-the-other-chemical-warfare/ http://rebloggy.com/post/love-music-hippie-psychedelic- woodstock http://fineartamerica.com/featured/misterio-profundo-pablo- amaringo.html History ● Psychotherapy ○ 20th century: un;l 1971 ● Recreaonal ○ S;mulus of U.S. cultural revolu;on http://qsciences.digi-info-broker.com http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/feature/c/38031/ http://en.wikipedia.org/nervous_system 2 8/18/14 Main Groups Main Groups Tryptamines LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ibogaine Other Ayahuasca, Fly agaric Phenethylamines MDMA, Mescaline, Myristicin Pseudo-hallucinogen Cannabis Dissociative
  • Gyromitrin Poisoning: More Questions Than Answers

    Gyromitrin Poisoning: More Questions Than Answers

    Gyromitrin poisoning: more questions than answers Denis R. Benjamin, MD some dedicated mycophagist, who had Many of these clues to the toxin never eaten the mushroom for many years made any coherent sense, even though it “It is perhaps ironic for a mushroom, without any ill effects, would suddenly was known for some years that the toxins Gyromitra esculenta, whose very name and unaccountably take ill. This too could be destroyed by cooking.” (From means edible, to be so poisonous under was passed off as the development of an Benjamin, 1995.) certain circumstances. Surprisingly, allergy in the unfortunate individual, the toxins were only characterized as that the mushrooms had been mistaken ll the enigmas related to this recently as 1968. A number of factors for a poisonous variety, or a rotten toxin remain unresolved. The conspired against the investigators of this batch had been eaten. To compound the current literature merely repeats mushroom poison (Lincoff and Mitchel, difficulties, Gyromitra esculenta caused Awhat was published before 1990. A 1977). The first was the observation that many poisonings in Europe, while in the deluge of “cut and paste.” No meaningful only a few of the participants eating the western USA, the seemingly identical research has been done in the past same quantity of the same mushroom species appeared largely harmless. All three decades. This is due to a number would become ill. Because of this, the sorts of explanations were proposed of factors. The first was the demise of poisoning was immediately ascribed to to explain this discrepancy, including academic pharmacognosy departments, ‘allergy’ or ‘individual idiosyncrasy.’ The such fanciful ones as suggesting that responsible for investigating the biology next problematic observation was that Americans cook their vegetables better.