EPISCOPAl. CHURCHPEOPLE ior a FREE SOUTHERN AFJ;ICA E 339 L,afayert. StrHt. N.w Yor1<, N.Y. 100'2·2725 C (2'2)477-0066 FAX: (212) 979-1013 S A #139 30 July 1993

In Zululand, a defiant Aaron NdlovU -:-SU_N~D-:-AY;....;'2~5J~U~L'-='199.:..:..;.,.:1 ---.:.THE OBSERVER_

'I is ready for any conflict to come, writes John Carlin in Empangeni I SouthAfrica'sunholy "MAKE my day" is the un­ c:omplicated response ofAaron Ndlovu, the ANC boa in Zu· 1u1aDd, to the threats of civil war from his Inbtha neigh­ alliancehintsatwar bour, Mangosuthu Buthdezi. Back It the headquanen of ...... Congress leaden an trying this ANC. Yet within South Africa the KwaZulu Police Force was the African National Congress Johannesburg weekend to mollify Inkatha and he is increasingly being seen as a headed by a oeconded offICer of in Johannesburg the mood iI the Conservatives and coax man cnnsumed by ambilion and the Nalional Intelligence Ser­ OBe of near panic It the pt'Ol­ AS South Mrica enten tbe Iut them bllck inlO tbe negotiating a potential wrecker of the rec­ vice. Tbe press bas discloeed of 00 its council, which is to begin COlI­ onciliation accordl bei!1J strueI< that some Inkatha memben peel oi Chief DUWQczi', WD­ criti<:al fortnight talks DeW interim constitution, it sidering a rant dnLft oi the DeW OelW..cn the govenlInent and reaived ...,.,rrilla trainin& AI a aervltive Zulu supponen suddenly faces a tbrat of rebel­ constitution tomorrow. the ANC. Mter years of ban­ aecret base in Namibia. ganging up with their allies in lion with dark hintl of civil war But they have made it clear dling him with kid gloves, tbe Now comes the alliance with the white far ript to destroy from an unholy alliance ofQtief their patience wilh Butheleli, in South African press has the Cae Ripll. A week aao a man iDy hope 01 demoaatic dec­ M2ngOlluthu Buthelezi and particular, is running out and unleashed a lorrent ofcriticism. named VICtor Kheswa, known tiODl. It _ with imaJes of white rocists of the atreme they may go ahead without Butbelezi claims 10 be a dem­ in a group of 10wnshipa south of Bosnia in mind that the 0lJ­ Right. lnkatha. The position of the ocral, yet for 21 years he has Johannesburg u the Vsal Mon­ run KwaZulu 'homeland' u a Iter and widely auumed to be IDiaation's IeCreWy With the latest opinion polls MriIChris Hani. in South Africa, where the He has threatened to launch his the election date lies a desire to non-violence is also question­ The putative IesdeT of the ANC is dominant, he enjoY' own breakaway constitutional have the final constitution able. There is mounting evi­ WPM, Koos Vermeulen, who agreed now, rather than in an describes himself as being 'to suppan among a number of negotiations and divide the dence that In!

tit (44)(71) 413 5500 Telegrams: Amnesty London we1 Telex: 28502 FAX: 9561157 Date: 11 May 1993

MEDICAL CONCERN

Dr Henry Vika Luthuli and Mrs Nokuzola Dorcas Luthuli Extrajudicial execution and death threats

SOUTH AFRICA

Amnesty International is concerned for the safety of Mrs Nokuzola Dorcas Luthuli, a nursing sister whose husband, Dr Henry Vika Luthuli, was assassinated on 2 August 1990 in Esikhawini township in northern Natal. The authorities have failed to investigate and bring to justice those responsible for the murder of Dr Luthuli. Following her efforts to convince the authorities to take action on her husband's case, Mrs Luthuli has been unable to secure employment as a nurse in local hospitals and clinics and Mrs Luthuli has now received information that her name is on a death list. Amnesty International is concerned that Dr Luthuli was the victim of a politically-motivated assassination in which the surrounding cirumstances and subsequent failure of the police to investigate his murder amounts to a cover-up and gives rise to suspicion of police complicity in the killing.

Death of Dr Luthuli

On the evening of 2 August 1990 Dr Luthuli agreed to see several men who had arrived at his home requesting. treatment. He admitted the men, whose names he did not note down, into his consulting rooms. Mrs Luthuli, who was in another part of the house, heard three loud sounds. She came into her husband's surgery and found him lying on the floor with gunshot wounds. Two of his three children were beside him. Dr Luthuli died minutes later. It is possible, judging from the angle of the bullet hole in the surgery wall and the position of the examination table, that Dr Luthuli had been shot while examining one of the "patients".

Mrs Luthuli immediately contacted the local police station, which is under the control of the KwaZulu Police. The police arrived 30 minutes later, although the station is only five minutes away from the Luthuli home. The police took a statement from Mrs Luthuli and took possession of spent cartridges found in the room. Since then Mrs Luthuli heard nothing further from the police regarding any investigation into the murder.

In late 1991 Mrs Luthuli, provoked by the lack of results from the KwaZulu Police investigation, wrote to the South African State President and the South African Police authorities, appealing to them to investigate her husband's case. Mrs Luthuli's decision to appeal to these authorities had also been motivated by pres~ reports in September 1991 that a self-confessed member of a police hitsquad apparently was claiming knowledge of

police involvement in Dr Luthuli's death. The State President and the South African Police informed Mrs Luthuli that they could not investigate the murder since it had occurred in an area under KwaZulu Police jurisdiction. On 25 November 1991 the Commissioner for the South African Police referred Mrs Luthuli's letters to the Commissioner of the KwaZulu Police. The KwaZulu Police Commissioner, in turn, returned the letters to Mrs Luthuli without any note of explanation.

L 1 In January 1993 lawyers acting on behalf of the African National Congress (ANC) submitted information on Dr Luthuli's case, as well as on other cases, to a subcommitte of the judicial Commission of Inquiry regarding the Prevention of Public Violence and Intimidation which has been conducting hearings under the chairmanship of Mr Justice Richard Goldstone since the end of 1991. The subcommittee, presided over by Advocate Malcolm Wallis, has focused its inquiries on incidents of political violence in the Esikhawini­ Empangeni area in northern Natal, as well as incidents in the Port Shepstone area of southern Natal. By early April the subcommittee had not made any progress in the investigation into Dr Luthuli's case.

Current situation in Esikwahini and the KwaZulu "homeland"

Esikhawini is situated in the North Coast region of Natal province in South Africa. The area is predominantly rural, but includes important commercial and industrial towns, such as Esikhawini and nearby Emgangeni, and Ulundi, the seat of the KwaZulu "homeland" Legislative Assembly and government offices. Politically, the area is dominated by the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) under the leadership of the KwaZulu "homeland" Chief Minister, Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi. Supporters of the ANC and its "alliance" partners, the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the Congress of Trade Unions of South Africa (COSATU). have often experienced enormous difficulties in organizing and obtaining permission to hold public meetings in the area.

Apart from the difficulties posed by the political stranglehold of the IFP and the "homeland" authorities in the area, supporters of the alliance and even non-aligned individuals and communities have found the local police to be indifferent and at times hostile to their concerns and pleas for assistance. The South African Police (SAP) based nearby in Empangeni and Richard's Bay have often refused to respond to such calls on the grounds that Esikh~wini is outside SAP jurisdiction. The KwaZulu Police, in particular, have exhibited extreme bias in their conduct towards non-IFP complainants. There are documented cases, also, of their direct involvement in largescale attacks on ANC­ supporting communities or targetted assassinations and attempted assassinations of ANC or COSATU members. At the same time, according to eyewitnesses who spoke with Amnesty International representatives visiting Esikhawini in January 1993, members of white, extreme rightwing parties have been seen bringing weapons to the homes of leading IFP supporters in Esikhawini.

--00000--

Dr Luthuli was, at the time of his death, preparing for his examinations to become a Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners in London. He had also been offered a position in the Department of Medicine at the University of Natal, Durban. He was a member of the College of Medicine of South Africa. Apparently he was not politically active. Rowever there appear to have been rumours spread prior to his death that he had conducted post-mortems on two boys, whose bodies had been found in a shallow grave in

Esikhawini several weeks after they had disappeared, and had identified their killers as members ofthe KwaZulu Police. Dr Luthuli had not in fact conducted the post-mortems, although he had, as their practitioner, treated the boys' parents for shock after the murders.

Mrs Luthuli suffered the tragic loss of her husband. Her distress has been compounded by the failure of the authorities to investigate and bring to justice Dr Luthuli's killers. She has also had to endure what appears to be systematic discrimination against her by the administators of local hospitals where she has sought work as a nurse. Her isolation has been compounded by warnings that her name is on a death list. She is also a close relative of Chris Hani, the General Secretary of the South African Communist Party, who was assassinated on 10 April 1993 at his home in Boksburg east of Johannesburg by a gunman who appears to have acted on behalf of conservative opponents of political reform. .. ------THURSDAY 22/ULY1993 ~ THE INDEPENDENT <= ·Silent terror that keeps Zulus under control ...we. IiIIc l!aikIae"iai -• Sa­ JOHN CARLIN IlJwoy fiprc - • proyidaIII n· ccpIioa 10 llae ndc. Dorea LDlhuJj'. ...10 IcJI wIullae ...for .IiYiq ~e elM loid _ dill ill !be 1IuIIuId,. docIor, .,.. _illal.d -W lie 100 -..-. - IIid it ~iPlinall uivcnilJ IhIdcDIa ill ~ COUIIItiq _ ill Aalpdl .,.. __ ~e IIaIt tIM willi KwaZaIu buurin "crc ...... aile is pili cariq - (W iI" K".z.Ja police ud -.ocialed Iall --.I 10 CIalcf 1IIIdlelul'I a8icc eM is. nc local poIicc "'yiqIDIdc ...... "crc .... IIac blIlk of tIM ud onIcrcd 10 lip. pIcdp ofto,- ... fteibIc .fforIlO iIInllip" lb• kiIIiap ill dM 1O'nIIlipudd11ll1lc *' 10 IabIIaa. nil iIIcIlIdcd. cae, eM Iau' wrineD 10 haid.nl .....of IIac IDcaI poIiec chief.,.. ..-iee .ever 10 criliciM IIac dlief f Wde Klatt 10 laclp Iau. He merely 10 "aakc YUiaIa" .JIIlIIIlhiacn of Iaiaudf. M.OII reIucd ud IIac ..... ~ oa dI. Ien.r 10 dM .-mil- die Africu Natioul Coqraa. UoI, apccia11y ill dM caec 01 dI& eioDcr olllal K"aZaIu pollee, "lao Whicll ia wily, II .1CCODd III&D COlI­ aMCIicai II1IdcDII, it II1II __ pra.pdy rehlrDld 1Ia. Icucr 10 Mn finDcd, IDcaI ANC or IrIdc __ of- work ill oIIaer pull olllac COlIDIJ'J. IAtIuW wilboul _DI. "I "1111 lieiala d1bu _rIIcep II bome Of, WIllI I aIeo lcaral - IIId berc dM IIac kiIlcn of .y IluIlaad," u. de- II dlcy 1ft promimcDl c-P. Ii.. Caban uaIacJ "II puticlaIIrIy dared. "I will opeak _ UIil !bey u4er -.llD1 InDCd pard. campelli.. - "II IIaII pcnaioAen 1ft lIroqIu 10 jllllice." De firII _ 10 apeak 10 _, wlIo do _ poueu labllal _lD' fa Dcccmbcr lui year aile IcarDI IdacaIcd wilIl • pod job, IoId •• lIcnlaip c:anIe .-- coIIcct!beir eM.,.. _ • IDcaI Iall~ Lui aile .....,. IDIdc • poiDI of lIciq pcllliou; aayone who "iab.. 10 lDOIllb lacr Dei&Jlboou. I Iradc lUIiOn bomc by .1fa1I, 01 IockiDa dle opal' .bop CUlDOI obI.IiJl die ace- member, "Ii abOl dead oullid. hie doon IIId Deyer re-rJiAI alii ....., lic.nce wilbolfl providiq de- Iaoue. Did ab. bo. who bad kiIJed AIII'iae. "YCMI aever _ve i11lOUtiIl. D>IIIIrabI. loyallY 10 llae ndiD& lacr Ilubud? W1Ilo bad kiIJed ber 'W'''' YCMI DeYU pboee 10 Ny "bere party; .... dM .... lOCI .. Iboee ae;pbou? W1Ilo bad dn... lip dI. you're IOiAa. yM apeak ill who wiab 10 p'lfcbue • lile OD Itit-lill? SIac amlJed. "I Deed 10 Illy code. YCMI ".leIa ,. f(W MfItl. whicb 10 boIi1d I bam., aever .iad ali... I "'y,. "'0 daq1aI.n .1 ciOue can. You doe'l budce - ""' obI.IiJl • jo1l ill !be KwaZM1a civil ecbool I ..... lb...... n 10 yOlll c.aaiaJJ doe'l caI1 dM police - iI "·~icl. , "" ~•.rn !~!! y.9!l. !!At, p1eaK, ,.. bear aboU:" ncrc ia .....,. _eiII_ '" caia '"~ ...u Ibia.otrllae neord?" Jt amnesty

• Letters should conclude by expressing concern for the safety of Mrs Luthuli who has received information that her name is on a death list and urging that steps are taken to effectively protect her and her family and to identify those responsible for the threats • urge that the KwaZulu and the South African Police both act speedily to complete investigations into Dr Luthuli's killing in order that those responsible may be brought to justice. Note that the South African Police, as the national police force, have iI responsibility to provide protection for; and investigate cases of,all South African citizens, regardless of whether or not they live within KwaZulu police jurisdiction

Addresses Chief MG Buthelezi Mr FW De Klerk Chief Minister and Minister of Police State President KwaZulu Chief Minister's Office State President's Office Private Bag XO 1 Private Bag X83 Ulundi 3838 Pretoria 0001 South Africa South Africa

Mr H J Kriel General During Minister of Law and Order Commissioner of Police, KwaZulu Department of Law and Order Department of Police Private Bag X463 Private Bag X 14 Pretoria 0001 Ulundi 3838 South Africa South Africa THE GUARDIAN Friday July 16 1993 THE GUARDIAN 1riday July 16 1993 ! Police 'failed S Africans agree -': \- ..,,,,". . '} .. ljoint peace force to defend' I ! ,------i Davlcl Beresford .5 Africa talks lnJo...... Tne mvolvemcnt 01 tile lour HE South Mrican govern· Uetails of the peace corps pro· "indep<>ndcnt" homelands in I~.,,_ howevcr. tltal IKlli,,' we.." cor· ment and the ANC have po6al - which has IJcen all'rccd the peacekeepinl; plan is also o., at bilateral meetings betwccn complicated by dilliculties the ... rect in J\Ut usinl-: !Umkhonto we Sizwe, and The government is planning The commission also com· of "filthy "erhal abuse", "wan· jn South Africa's an-airs. plains ahollt thc failure of Ihe lIm" d3ma~e to properly, puhlic possibly from homeland sceu· The timin!; ror the creation of I a new round of bilatera! talks I tity forces. Othcr "private ar· with the homelands soon, in an government tu wlcJpl its recoin· violence. criminal illjury antI a national peace force is likely : mellUations. maUl' Alore than a trespass. mies" such as the Pan hfrican io depend on whether and when I attempt to thrash out the issue. Rut officials say it appears. year ago. for the "complete pro· In what ma\, be sccn as an Congress's "Alanian Peoplc's agreement can be rcached on I Liberation Army" and the nco· there may be no rcincorllora· I hibitiJln fir the display in fluhlic ohliql\f' r.riticism of the failure the formation of a TEe. Gov· I orall daJlgerous weapons". of police 10 arrest the AWU Nazi Afrikaner Weer· ernment hopes of launching Ule tion until elections are held. i standsbcwegint-: (A WB) might Despite high·lcvel talks he· i The inqui ry. ordered by Pres· leader, Eugene Terreblancill', Council nt the end of August I ident F. W. de Ktcrk, was to in· the commission notes that "any lJc invited to join. pruvidL'c1v which is without an~ sovereigt~p?we!·s. being set up to cnsur'e a 'level mer commander of the South mends, among other things, playing field" for the country's Police 'felled 10 defend' African Dcfence Furce, General "severc" penalties for tltc wear­ first non·racial clections. S Afrlce talks, _e 7 Constand Viljoen. ing of "paramilitary uniforms" AWn members smashed as well as disguises or masks at through the glass front of the public gathcrings, and ·'sub· building and stormed inside, stantially" increased penalties brandishing weapons. Cabinet for the carrying of dangerous ministers and leaders of the weapons at demonstrations. African National. Congress, It also suggests police, magis· among other delcgates to the trates and public authorities talks. went foreLocspite this intelligence. they in the past. w!' must fOit;ct deployed only 600 officers, who them," he said at Parys police proved "totally ineffectivc". station in the Orangc Free State The commission conceded, during a fund·raisinl; trip. ~ THE INDEPENDENT SATURDAY 10 JULY 1993 ",- ¥ THE INDEPENDENT FRIDAY 16 JULY 19,3 Arare ray of Whites and accord amid blacks unite to the SA gloom foil democracy Negotiation is the A meeting on post-apartheid economic A mass-murderer's death highlights growth was refreshingly harmonious, country's biggest growth industry: sinister links between extremists, writes John Carlin from Johannesburg 278 forums writes John Carlin in Johannesburg 1 ne agreements, seen only as AN ANGLICAN m1DlSter who nationwide are the first steps towards an ambi~ I SKIN COLOUR is no longer leader Chris Hani, is a member works in Alexandra township, tiously comprehensive social dealing with the kev determinant of political of the WPM's sister organisa­ adjoining Johannesburg, where tion the Afrikaner National So­ , contract, were made public this confliCt in South Africa. Loose ciali~t a peace agreement has been bro­ week at the NEF's first public everything from links between black and white Movement - which kered after two years of intense I plenary, an event which brought organisations on the right wing, Koos Vermeulen also heads. Mr political violence, remarked the together a formidable array of housing to sport , long latent, have hardened in reo Walus' alleged coMangosuthu Buthelezi's Inka­ business and government. Its more opportunities available to . tha Freedom Party, was alleg­ tion with a massacre in Sebo-­ task, defined in the founding and the constitutional talks, one the disadvantaged. edly involved in scores of mur­ keng in April, on the night be­ document on 29 October last enthusiastic mining executive Mr Brink, who said that edu- I ders during the past three years fore Chris Hani's funeral. He year, is to develop a common na- said, was that here everybody, cation and worker training I in what are known as "the Vaal and three others allegedly went working on a sincere basis of should be placed at the top ofthe townships" - prominent on a three-hour shooting spree tional straregy "geared toward mutual respect, saw an interest national agenda, said that the I among which is Sebokeng, some in which they killed 19 people the generation of sustained eco­ in finding agreement, whereas NEF was in a position to set 35 miles south ofJohannesburg. pickeq ott.at;!'8Ddom from a movlllg~;' nomic growth, tile addressing of there a number of the delegates South Africa on its way as "one , Kheswa was known in Sebokeng distortions in the economy, sta­ were staring in the face the pros­ of the emerging economic mir· as "the Vaal Monster". Two weili igo, in an exact bilit\' and the addressing of so­ pect of political extinction. An­ acles of the world". The key, he Identified by residents again replica of that attack, 14 Sebo­ cial needs". keng residents were killed. One other business leader noted that said, was "to find a recipe to and again as public enemy num­ After eight months of discus­ ber one, Kheswa was never of Kheswa's associates - one of the NEF plenary had a tremen- I' forge a new economic order ... I sion within joint committees, dous symbolic significance, charged by the police. Following the three the police have ar­ which will achieve sufficient a confession last week by one of rested - is Henter Ndlo\11, who not only has what some call marking the evolution away sustainable economic growth "this unholy alliance" managed from the politics of protest and his alleged associates in the Vaal also had links to WP.\\. Mr with increasing efficiency and Vermeulen admitted on Wed­ to hold together, it has reached a confrontation to a welcome new killings, Kheswa was arrested at equity and, in parallel, to find the weekend and then killed. Af· nesday that he had "commu­ number of substantial agree­ phenomenon, the politics of and agree a desirable pattern for ! ter a public outcry, and claims nicated" with him. Both Mr ments based on the shared un­ constructive engagement. redistribution of wealth". by the African National Con­ Ndlovu, who has been linked to demanding that a new frame­ The president ofCosatu, John Gomomo, won a round of ap- 1 _ gress that the killing was part of 6Q murders but had been re­ work is required to shape the a cover-up, three policemen have leased on bail, and Kheswa lived inevitably radical changes under piause when he said that, since I been suspended pending a mur· in KwaMadala single-men's hos­ way in the relationship between i the success of the political pro- I der investigation. tel, an Inkatha stronghold in the labour and capital, between the cess in South Africa rested on I The ANC believes that Vaal from which the massacre at black and white populations. success in the economy, it was I Kheswa, had he lived, would Boipatong township, where 42 Funds, for example, have been essential that all parties present I have been able to provide new died in June last year, was made available for NEF pro­ proof that a "Third Force" ­ launched. grammes to develop public­ ! ~~ien J~F~~~k~~~~o~~~~ :~~~ I South African code for right­ In the Boipatong trial last works schemes in the black away from resistance, always re­ wing elements in the security month a witness said that In­ townships; to establish an un­ sistance, to consolidation," he I forces - has been directing the katha's Transvaal leader, employment insurance mecha­ pleaded. Mr Naidoo said that the I so

OLKSTAA T or bust. On Wednesday the Afrikaner Rightwingers are mapping Volksfront (AVF), the organ­ out theirfuture. Visation of which the Conser­ The Afrikaner Volksfront aruJ va:ive Party has lately seemed the leading light, unveiled its proposed the Afrikaner Volksunie have map for an Afrikaner homeland. finally revealed their After years of vague and vacillat­ ing policies such as "partition", the proposalsfor a volkstaat. CP has now for the first time openly By JAN TALJAARD endorsed the vo/kslaal ideal - one long viewed as the exclusive domain those areas that fall outside the demar­ of the quaint or those given to ridicu­ cated "Region K" or "Afrikaner/ lous rhetoric. Boereland", Ironically, the founder of the CP leader Ferdi Hartzenberg, Afrikaner Volksunie (AVU), although not privately averse to the Andries Beyers, was kicked out of idea of a smaller homeland for the the CP lasl year for espousing va/k­ Af!ikaner, was one of those who slaar sentiments that he illustrated cautioned against the CP openly dis­ with a map differing only slightly cussing borders of such a homeland from the one unveiled this week. at this stage. The AVU also unveiled its plans And although the AVF's Viljoen this week. and although its proposals suggested that the proposed volk­ are for a much smaller and seeming­ slaal is only a chopping block and ly better consolidated ,'olkslaal, it that the final borders will not he falls within the boundaries of the drawn for some time, it is already AVF·smap. clear that the majority ofCP support· The AVU proposes an "Afrikaner­ ers in the Cape Province, Natal and land" which stretches from Pretoria. large parts of the Free Stale will and the northern Free State east­ never be part of the heimal unless wards to the Swaziland border. It is, they move. at least. coherent. The AVF's gener­ .. al map. which it regards as a chop­ ping-block for negotiations, shows Just ahout the only man smiling the "olksUlal with north-western, smugly from the wings on Wednes­ The Afrikaner Volksunie is going for a much smaller, more consolidated volkstaat south-western and eastern tentacles day was Major General Tienie Grue­ sprawling from the axis of Pretoria. newald, a member of the directorate CP MPs Jurg Prinsloo and Corne of the AVF. Mulder flanked the AVF's General The map put forward by the AVF Constand Viljoen when he put the coincided almost exactly with the AVF's proposals 10 the press on one he had been touling during the Wednesday. The CP's endorsement previous two years. of a va/kslaal also signals a signifi­ Starting out as a one-man show cant shifl in an ideolog)' that was with his Institute ofStrategic Analy­ until recently firmly rooted in a kind. sis, he had gradually succeeded in of feudalism. broadening his base of va/kslaal The CP has long held that he who adherents, owns title to a property is also consti­ At first there was the low-key tutional master ofall who dwell on it EK25 (Unity O>mmitlee of 25), then The logical conclusion is that if a came the Unity Committee of the Karoo farm is owned by a CP sup­ Volk (Volkseenheidskomitee or porter. the land is automatically part Vekom), then the Commillee of of white South Africa. Generals and ultimately the AVF, an organisation that succeeded in hijacking the mobilisation pro­ By aligning itself with the va/k­ gramme of the CP and was in turn Slaal ideology, the CP can now hijacked by the CP again. With one expect to catch flak from all sides: marked difference: the CP has from the Verwoerdians in its own become a volkslDDl party. 'ranks, from those on the left favour­ Groenewald cannot be exclusively ing a unitary state and from the credited with (or blamed for) the diehards of the far-right. volkslaal thoughts adopted by the XHOSA UBERAL. CAPE Hours after the AVF press confer­ CP. AFRIKANERS ence on Thursday, the Herstigte The end of white parliamentary Nasionale Party's Jaap Marais, nom­ politics and the far-right's increasing inally still a member of the AVF, fear of an African National came out strongly ago inst a proposal Congress-dominated South Africa laying claim to "only 16 percent of have all contributed to creating a white South Africa". c1utchable straw for those who are Sources also tell of widespread still clinging to white supremacy and fears inside the CP executive thai perceive themselves as drowning in they may now lose supporters in a fulure South Africa. The spreading tentacles of the Afrikaner Volksfront's proposed volkstaat THE WEEKlY MAIL, July 910 15 1993 3

ISKEJ has paid ov~r RllOO lXXJ 10 a consul­ wealx,l1S lor fUlure, unspecified 1l'>C. laOCy run by ullra-righlisl and Committee Late Ia.~t year, tbe SAOI' was wncd his supporl for the U1nu:pt 01 J pany provid~d ~ "public relations and image­ Van Rensberg this w~k denied any knowledge white volhllJlJl. anu suggesleu Ciskei tlllopS building" service 10 Gqozo. BUI Ihis docs not oflheguns: ""m not an armsdcaler.1 did notsuj>­ would provide military suppurllo Il,e rightwiilg if explain t~ "intdlig~nce gathering (RSA)". ply weapons." required. Van R~nsberg said this w~k: "'The work I did eon January 4, a dozen large hoxes marked General Tienie Groenewald Several weeb after the re.,umplion of rclali,,,,,. has nothing 10 do with anyon~ elsc.lfl did intelli­ "compuler equipment" were unloaueu from Seplcmber. 'l1lC Cllmplcmen\;.,ry IXllilical agenua.~ ('ljllZll asked Prelmia to "ue-scl"lHld" Ihe S"ulh g~nce gathering and evalualion and r~ommen­ Soulheast Airlines llighl UZ201 all.lulembu Air­ of Ihe anli-African Nali\lIlal Congress hllmelarnJ African-aPlxlinled Bekker and ui><:llalged Mraji dations and actions, Iwouldn't be worth my sail if pOri, under Van f{ensberg's supervision. They leader and m/ksI1J1<'H were obviously central 10 and Richard, withoul nOliee. Bolh "ffil'ials had I divul~ whal I was doing." were taken by mililary pick-up 10 Bisho. the Jelalinnship. cla,bed with Ihe brigallierover the MMS invoilXs. ~Ie did Il(ll regard such activity as "brcakingany The boxes were unlikely 10 have Cllntaineu Moreover, Ihe beleaguered brigadier needeu Speculation is Ihal Gqat invoice, daled Ocloher I \I, and why - is less dear. week the wmpany would have nolhing mme 10 of ils own. Besides, another homeland govern­ claimed R162 ()(J() for a couple of 286 pes, a Twn hYlx,t1lCscs have been mooted by regional do with Ciskei "while I and General GlllCllCwald mc:nl has t~ down MMS on the grounds that printer, two modems and an optical scanner. Mraji South African Defence Force sources. After the arc here". lhe service it could offer was both mUline and again qucricd Ihe amount claimed, after discover­ Bisho massacre, the Soulh African Pnlice had The Ciskei government did not respond 10 "ridiculously" overpri~. ing MMS had overcharged by at 1ea.~1 R132 000. delailed hallistics records of every single Ciskei faxed 4ucries this week. Governm~nt sources believe MMS was ~it~r A sum of R~ 550 was later recovered. Defence Force i"ue rille fired al Bishn. During Soulh Alrica's amh""ador 10 Cis~,", P;d taking the homeland for a huge rille, or providing Sources said thesc were Ihe only l"llmpUlers laler incidenb nf viole'K'e, bullets tired were rou­ Gooscn, said the emha,-,y had r~ >I heen 1IIIInl;oI,·· Gqoro with something that couldn't be spec:i li~ suppli~ by MMS. tinely l'hecked againsllhe.~ renlllb. Official guns Iy aw,"e of MMS aClivily ill Ciskei. "We ",II,n,,1 011 invoiceS. Gqow originally estahlished contaci with could Iherelille no longer be ll'iCd li,r "extra-mural prescrihe 10 Ciskei who they can and cannol Fuelling the speculation ar~ scveral pieces of MMS in the aftemlalh of the Bisho ma.,sacre Iil~1 aclivily". Ciskei coulu also he stnckpiling apl).';III.·· he saiu. - I'<:na

2 THE WEEKLY MAIL, July 2 to 8 1993 lished, the AVF is planning 10 establish a ~gov­ HE first broadside in a comprehensive ernment within a government". In lasl week's campaign ofrightwing resislance - sym­ issue ofDie Palriol, mouthpiece ofthe CP, plans bolically dubbed "the 10 plagues" - was for a "people's govemm~nt" aJOSisting of volle­ Tfired Jast Friday when riglltwingers ran Rightists unleash samplefllJre (people's offICials) and representa­ amok at the World Trade Centre. tives of the you. are unveiled by Dr Willie Sny­ IndUSlrial saboIage, the formation ofa "gov­ man,depuly leader ofthe CPo ernment within a government", selected power ~Circumstances will leave Ihe Afrikaner! failures, Iale or non-payment of taxes, a refusal Boere Volksfront with no oilier choice but to to pay televisioo licences and various ploys to 'the 10 plagues' appoint elecled officials and elecled representa­ slow down the ruMing of the bureaucracy and tives to carryon with the struggle against a stale mM'hinery all form part of the planned (INSA) and the Volkseenheidskomitee (future) commWlisl regime," he says. campaign. . The incident during which (Vekom), said that the methods under discussion In what appears 10 be a first step in this direc­ Termed "Plan C" by Afrikaner Volksfront rightwingers ran amok at the World ranged from industrial sabotage to civil disobe­ tion. lhe Iown council of Villiers in the northern (AVF)stralegisls, resistance is u1timalely aimed dience. Free State this week announced its decision to at wrenching a voIJ:s/4lJl from the rest of South Trade Centre last week was not a As far as the former is concerned, "lest runs" resist the inlegralion ofmunicipal structures and Africa, ifnecessary by meaIL'l ofsecession. spontaneous protest but the start ofa had already been conducted al certain selected to maintain the "sovereignly" of exclusively Thus the symbolism of the "10 p1agues"­ power stations where industrial"accidents" had white structures. plagues that were visited upon the pharaoh when systematic campaign of resistance ­ brought operations 10 an effective standstill. Similarly in the northern Transvaal, Wann­ he refused 10 allow the lsraeIiles to leave for a including irulustrial sabotage, power Rightwingers are quielly boasting that they balhs firebrand Chris Wagner has compiled a oountry oftheir own. are able to interrupt the flow of electricity from comprehensive document on alternative struc­ failures and tax boycotts. With Plan A (Ihe parliamentary option) and certain power stations for as long as three weeks tures for a large part of the northern Transvaal Plan B(negolialions) seen as increasingly dwin­ By.tAN TAL.tAARD atatime. region. II forms part of the "Eastland" region prospec1S to dling in the right's attempt acquire a Attempts 10 slow down the already plodding favoured by the majority of yolllslalers as a while homeland, the AVF has already embarked was intended to be peaceful. This was confinned bureaucracy include plans for sympathetic civil future volh/QQI. firmly on what it calls "non-violenl resistance", Tilled"A Development Strategy for the by supreme AVF strategist Major General Tie­ servants in key positions to take sick leave on Theopening salvo went horribly wrong, how­ Bll'ihveld Region", it staleS as its aim the devel­ nie Groenewald. Without divulging details, he days ofcrisis. Also under discussion is the send­ ever, when a mob of Afrikaner Weerstandsbe­ opment of an "affluent region in which inhabi­ also admilted that further actions were to be ing of indecipherable correspondence to and weging supporters rammed through the plate tants ofthe Bushveld will be able live in harmo­ implemented. Groenewald is on record as say­ from state depanments. glass fronl of lhe wrc, causing damage esti­ ny, according to lreir character and vahle sysLem, ing that more than 98 different forms of non­ Strategies involving blue-collar workers and mated in excess ofR200 CXXJ. wilh one another, wilh their environment and violent resistance can be emplllY~· members oflhe all-white trade unions consist of De:scribed beforehand by Conservative Party with adjoining regions". The estahlishment of a Dr Sources close to AVF think-tanks, such as "go slow" and "lOllls down" actions. ieader Ferdi Hartzcnberg as the start of"the t~ form of state is also discussed in the document first phase of resistance politics", the meeting Groenewald's Instilute for Strategic Analysis Even before envisaged volh/QQI is estab- lan.d

High and dry South Africa's man-made disaster

I THE DROUGHT HAS BEEN BROKEN. The water crisis in South quest of the South African government Many rivers around the country Africa's rural areas has more - to assess the emergency relief needs. are flowing close to ,capacity. He spent most of his time in Venda, one Why, then. are an estimated lo-million to do with mismanagement, ofthe areas hardest-hit by the drought people in rural South Africa still with­ corruption and structural Johnson told WIP the drought was out access to a safe and consistent sup­ deprivation than it does with "not only predictable - it was avoid­ ply ofwater'? able." 1be answer, as is often the case in rainfall. FRANCINE JOSS "With such extensive resources this country, has more to do with poli­ reports on what she found and expertise, a drought like this should tics, people and development than it has during a twcrweek trip to the not have happened," he says. "There the weather. seems to be a lack of commitment by Because, like most things, the Northern Transvaal both the Venda government and the drought is not a natural disaster; it is a rural South Africa (including the home­ South African Department of Water Af­ man-made tragedy, the result of years lands) have a formalised water supply. fairs." of neglect, inadequate investment, mis­ Of the R200-million in govern­ Johnson wrote a damning report management, corruption, inept mainte­ ment drought allocations, only 19% on his findings, which was submitted to nance and apartheid policies. goes to black people - despite the fact the Water Supply Task Force (WSTF). Stroctural deprivation, inequalities that they constitute 93% of the rural Johnson - who has been involved in in water development and the creation population (see chart). drought relief in countries like Somalia of the homelands have left whole sec­ Commercial interests take prefer­ and Iraq - says he has never worked in tions ofthe population without access to ence over survival. In the last five years a more chaotic situation than in South safe and reliable water supplies. over R2,5-billion was spent on emer­ Africa. Dr Johann Erasmus, agricultural gency drought aid to white farmers. The burdensome state bureaucra­ meteorologist for the Institute for Soil "Farmers are willing to take risks and cy, including the fact that there are and Climate Control, explains: "Under jeopardise a successful crop, knowing SOIllC 52 departments dealing with vari­ apartheid policies, a false situation was drought aid exists as compensation," ous aspects of the drought, has hindered created. Large numbers of people were says Erasmus. He points out that most effective intervention. pushed onto small tracts o,f unproduc­ drought aid goes to white farmers be­ In the homelands and self-govern­ tive land ... apartheid ~ a drought­ cause they know how to tap iuto ing territories, he says, the lack of or­ like situation which should not have drought relief - and they use their p0­ ganised relief distribution, resources, been there." litical clout to draw heavily on the and expertise has lead to inadequate funds. planning and poor management Whites first In the queue Irrigation is another area ofblatant "Had the growth and maintenance Part of the problem has been the gov­ bias. Sixty percent of South Africa's of water supply schemes kept pace with ernment's definition of the word water is used for this purpose; in some population growth in the homelands, "drought". This definition has generally areas farmers are paying 5c per cubic there would not have been a drought re­ hinged on the needs of white farming meter for untreated water, while in rural lated emergency," he concludes in his communities - and the bulk ofdrought areas people pay up to R25 for the same report aid has been aimed at supporting these amount flailing white farmers. The spiral of drought Drought policy in the past has only Hands across the water It is the black, rural poor, living in allocated minimal funds to homelands, British engineer Ian Johnson was marginalised communities, who are without assessing the type of assistance brought to South Africa through the most vulnerable to drought as they do needed or the degree ofthe crisis. These Register of Engineers for Disaster Re­ not have alternate coping strategies. For developmental "black holes" have been lief (Red-R). Paid by the British gov­ these people, lack of water has a c0m­ almost totally neglected. Few villages in ernment, he came to SA - at the re- pound effect: drought stress causes nu- 24 JULY 1993 WORK IN PROGRESS weapons, given to those favoured by or ttitional, economic and social stress. subservient to the ruling elite. As a re­ Current conditions have led to sult of mismanilgement the relief effort problems of unemployment, malnutri­ You can almost see the is hindered by a network of bureaucracy tion and enforced migration. Add to this and garbled communication. White Cl economic recession and it is clear to drought from your fazmers irrigate their lands while black, see how millions on the poverty line are rural communities live daily in hope of pushed aver the brink to destitution. office window water. Those remaining in rural areas are According to Michel Kassa, coor­ here Is no loftier • drouCM," tfIe peeyecI Venda Depertment of "TWorks ofIIcIaI insisted. "It rained In IIIte December ... JlnIary, pesently unable to plant for basic sub­ dinator of the French relief agency sistence. They face escalating prices ... now tfIe people '-more than IIrIOllCh WlIter." Medecins Sans Frontiers (MSF), the and cannot continue to rely on remit­ His ettItucIe Is typical of tfIe numerous homeland civil I«Y8I1ts who government needs to understand that puce ~... WlIter MIpp/y by the monthly rainfall charts which paM tance from towns due to increasing re­ the first concern is communities, not eMIl'theIr desks. Irmclunent and unemployment commerce. Initially in South Africa to But reality translates quite dIff8nIntIy for tfIe vIIIlJCen of northern Venda, Livestock losses have been high; work with Mozambican refugees, MSF who ItII walt MXIoueIy for tfIe dewIoonMInt of a ...... reliable WlIter sup- in the Transkei alone 150 000 cattle ply. 0 got involved in drought relief efforts be­ have died since the beginning of the T1Ie horrlebnI _ decI8red a drought area In May 1992. foreIIP'I ... cause "you can't do anything without 1992-93 season, and 200 000 more are ..... __ brouIht In a month later to _ tfIe aItuatIon, but say ttIey water," expected to die if the drought continues _ unable to eel tfIe Venda covemment ... tfIe Depertment of Water N- Kassa said a disturbing feature of o fIIIrs to take action III'ItII October. through the winter. For those who mea­ the drought was the number of crisis T1Ie made ..... of AICCIOII1IelIdlltlcll. to tfIe Venda IlMM"- sure their wealth by cattle, destitution areas which had been provided with ment, within three monthI • qu.ter of tMse recornmencIatIo had been looms. ~ equipment such as pumps, but where canIecI out - of them under tfIe supeMslon of BrItIsh en&Ineer Ian Bill Gibson, ,il drought relief wo(:.;­ JOItI_ the equipment itself was broken. erfrom Volunteers in Overseas Cooper­ After tfIe December rains, JoIlnson ... tfIe other Red-R -Cb- -­ ative Assistance (Voca), says that in wIthdr8wn from tfIe project on tfIe pretext that the cIrougtrt - -,Ie8YInI What Is to be done? tfIe remainder of their to be Implemented by South AfrIc.-I certain areas it is difficult to distinguish _1d8tioI. AU the visiting engineers I spoke to ... Venda govemnl8nt departmenta. between water problems, political pr0b­ warned of the need for a comprehensive ~ then took up a position with tfIe SA DIsaster Relief Agency lems and food reliefproblems. restructuring of the state's response to (Sadra). He returnecI to Venda durtng AprtI - on Sadra busI.- - ... found Although there is little starvation that hardy any of tfIe work had been done. By his estimates, 70% of tfIe drought This includes better organisa­ in South African villages, malnutrition taeks that __ to be compIetecI by MM:h had not even been swted. Half of tion and implementation of emergency is evident in many rural areas. Food aid tfIe .... on his "c:rIIIs list" atIII cId not '- tfIe vttaI equipment ~ relief, and long-term development of programmes are limited, clinics are few .-y to supply their own WlIter. nte.I, they had to rely on tfIe expensive the rural areas to prevent the drought re­ and far between, and facilities are poor. t8nkwInI system for water delivery. curring. An angry JoIlnson told W1P he had left a full brief with ofIIcIaIs before his The drought crisis is therefore related They say water and water equip­ depMure, but that "Incompetence, mlsnunlgement and bIlrtant dIsregant more to the endemic poverty of rural ment must be prioritised (communities, for tfIe welfare of tfIe people" had prevented mMY thInCI from ~ done. South Africans than to simply a short­ Drought relief workers In the "'IlIon back this up, saying ex~,.. not commerce) and funds should be age of water. .. paid to "COIIIUIbms". They claim government empIo~ recle¥e channeled into an "early warning sys­ I double when workJnC In tfIe field, contractors .. paid for Incomplete tem". Nutritional development pro­ High and dry I or f8uIty Jobe, and equipment has even been IIttecI In tfIe wrone vIIIaps. grammes are also vital for marginalised The visiting British engineers found a Over 35 boreIIoIes '- been drtIIed but pumpe '- yet to be Installed communities. to aIow vIIacera 8CCeM to tfIe ~ water. Several motorIsed pumpe number of communities with broken But their overall impression is that cannot be UMd becauIe they '- run out of fuel, accordIIlC to relief work­ pumps and faulty equipment, no mid­ a substantial change has to come in the ... dle-management, and technicians with­ T1Ie Venda Department of Works has refused to comment on theM allocation of government resources. As out relevant training, tools or equipment c:I8IIM, IneIstInI that there Is "no water IUpp/y problem". • one engineer told me, "the obstacles are to repair the damage. I ingrained in the system and need to be The development of water pro­ addressed in order to prevent a recur­ grammes has also relied mainly on con­ I rence". The water women of Gazankulu sultants and experts, disempowering , WOII*I'.11Yee In Gaz.llnkulu ~ to be c:ontroIIecI by water. T1Ie water o The examples of other developed communities from decisions, planning II supply ItMIf Is controlled by men. countries clearly illustrate that drought or maintenance. In many villages resi­ I Women spent entire clays queuelnc to till huCe plaStIc contaInen; preparedness can nullify certain aspects t~ dents dido't know how to report prob­ which weigh _ much _ a ..r-okI child when fuU. of low ~aU. An effective drought lems or faults. In the NataI/KwaZulu Men make tfIe decisions about where tfIe pump win be InsUIIecL If policy - one which meets the needs of you don't like It, your only fonn of recou.... Is with tfIe very men who area, an estimated 2 500 boreholes exist aU South Africans, rather than those made those clecIsIons. If you're stili not happy, you can tum to tfIe chief without pumps. In Venda, at the end of with political clout - is essential to the for ...a.t.nc:e; he mIPt raise It with tfIe district comrnJuJ-.., who can March, 40 boreholes remained un­ future development of this country. take It to the homeland cabIMt, where It son1ehow manae- to eel k»t In equipped, and 58 villages still had no Until then, thousands of mothers in all the bureaucracy. regular water supply - and this after Throughout all this, the women and chlklren walt sllentty, invisible to rural villages will continue to pray that eight months ofrelief work in the area. the men who control their survtval. • today there will be water, and perhaps Rumours ofCOI'TUption and patron­ tomorrow enough rain to make the age abound. Aid, access to water and mealies grow. • food packages can be used as political

26 JULY 1993 WORK IN PROGRESS