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A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa

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A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL DUDLEY HORNER JOHN KANE-BERMAN Research staff South African Institut f Raco e e Relations ISBN O 86982 010 9 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS 7 9 P.OX BO . JOHANNESBURG JANUARY 1972 WHITE POLITICAL PARTIES: DEVELOPMENTS IN 1971 NATIONAE TH L TARTY In two contests held during the year—the Waterbcrg con- . stituency parliamentary by-election, and the Potgietersrus provincial by-election—the National Party retaine seate dth s against ultra-right wing Herstigte Nasionale Party1 opposition. Leaders of both parties gave strong support lo the candidates in the Walcrbcrg campaign, in which Dr. Andries P. Treurnicht (N.P.) was opposed by the deputy-leader of the H.N.P., Mr. Jaap Marais. Both elec- tions, however, showed thae H.N.Pth t . remain e a b forcs o t e reckoned with in the more conservative constituencies. (The N.P. majorit n Waterbcri y s 337 gwa n 197 4i d 327 0an n 19714i e th , e lattevotinth n ri g year being N.P. 5456; H.N.P 182.2 . ) Many of those who are commonly regarded as being verknunpt remaie N.Pth .n i n(includin . TreurnichtDr g , who s editoa , f o r Hoojstad, s frequentlwa y strongly critica f verligteo l memberf o s the party). Their public statement t alwayno e n accordanci sar s e with official party policy s describea : d later e examplon , n i s i e regard to the political future of the Coloured community. Verligtc politicians have parte continueth ye lineto t ther o s beedt bu ; ha e n a fermen f politicao t l re-thinking among Afrikaner verligte "intel- lectuals" (not all of whom arc members of the N.P.). Some of the basic questions on which the "intellectuals" have been seeking clarity were listed early in 1971 in the independent monthly periodical Woord Daad,n e Afrikaanse issueth y db e Cal- vinistiese Beweging ,s headquarter whicit s ha h Pptchefstroomn i s . While commendin Governmene gth emphasie th s r placinfo twa t si g on the "positive" side of separate development, (he authors said that guide-lines were needed on certain basic aspects, for example: mucw (aHo )h additional land woul e needeb d o enablt d e th e Bantu homelands to carry their populations? e Africane futurth th f o were o (beb wh )s eo t Wha permas wa t - nently settled in "white" South Africa? (c) Would there be a link between South Africa and the eventual new Bantu states d whaan , t form woul t takei d ? (d) Would "petty" aparthei e maintaineb d l limeal r ?fo d (e) What was to be the future of the Coloured people and the Indians? 1 I.e. Reconstituted National I'arly. Sec 1970 Surrey, pasc 3. for a summary of this party's policy. 2 A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS, 1971 3 UNITED PARTY Political commentators2 have pointe t thaTomlinsoe dou th t n Commission—the original architects of the policy of separatt seas, and eventually a Springbok cricket tour of Australia was development—emphatically rejecte e possibilitth d a middl f o y t cancelled by the Australian Board of Control. As described later, road between ultimate integration or separation so far as Whites further withdrawals followed of invitations to South African teams. and Africans were concerned. Yet regarn e Colourei , th o dt d an d A number of leading Nationalists have warned the country that Indian people, the National Party was attempting to find a middlt South Africans will have to adapt themselves much faster to international and internal developments. During July Mr. Thco. road, termed parallel development, between territorial separation 4 (which party leaders stat impracticables ei eventuad an ) l integration Gerdener, the Minister of the Interior, said at a meeting in Durban wite Whiteth h s (which ten f thousando s f Nationalisto s s would that unless South Africa speedes rat it f developmen o ep u d t resist bitterly). Thes alternativeo etw s have generaln i , , been advo- radically and without delay, more especially in regard to the cated by the verkramptes and the verligte "intellectuals", respec- polic f separatyo e development, there woulsecono n e db d chance lively. (Their view e describear s morn di e detail later.) tor the country: it would probably then be too late to accelerate During the year under review the Prime Minister, Mr. Vorster, the pac f developmento e e decade 1970'th Th . f o se woule b d has further develope s "outward-lookingdhi " policy, seeking closet decisive. He pleaded, inter alia, for more flexibility of mind, and economic and other ties with African states. President Banda d more suppl d humanan e e attitude o non-whitest s . Malawi pai a dStat e visi Soutto t h Africa. Increased powerd s Writin Rapportn i gAugus9 2 n e politicao th t l commentator, self-government have been grante Africao dt n "homeland" govern' Mr. Schalk Pienaar, said that, in relation to Coloured and African ments withi e Republith n d Soutan c h Wese th tr Africafo d an ; affairs, the National Party was bound to patterns of thinking that first tim Prime eth e leadereth Ministet f theso sme s e ha rgover n were a quarter of a century out of date. The theory that the urban ments, at interviews in Pretoria, and has toured certain of then Africa a temporar s nwa y sojourne "whiten i r " area lond sha g since territories a firs r t Fo time. , tooe Statth , e . PresidentJ . J . Mr , become "pure fiction" . PienaaMr .endorsins wa r g views expressed Fouche . VorsterMr , d leadinan , g member e Cabineth f o s t dined by Professor Jan Moolman, Director of the Africa Institute (he with prominent non-white personalities from South Africa, at a served on the Tomlinson Commission), who was reported' to have banquet given by President Banda. (At a banquet given by thf declared that whites must accept the millions of urbanized Africans State President on the previous evening the only non-white guest a permaneni s a t par f "whiteo t " South Africa. were the visitors from Malawi.) Views expressed on other issues, for example the future of . VorsteMr s madha r t cleaei r thaonle th ty addee lanb o dt d the Coloured people, are mentioned later. e Africath o t ne balanc e 7250000th homeland th e b f o e o t . s i s moreen (roughly 0 squar00 4 2 e, miles) promise n 1936di e anH d. JTHE UNITED PARTY other Government spokesmen have reiterated that Africans livinj e UniteTh d Party's polic a federa f yo l syste f governmentmo , in "white" areas will exercise political rights in their "homelands' basefederatioa n do f raciano l communities outlines wa , pagn do e only. Eventually s said,ha a consultative 3 h , e bodemergy yma ! 2 of last year's Survey. Further developments of this policy in betwee e homelandnth e whitth d e Soutan s h African government' regard to the future of the Coloured people and of the African e meanwhileith n e necessarth , y close relationshi e mainb n - pca homeland e describear s subsequenn di t chapters. f bilaterao y tainewa ly db diplomati economid can c contact. statemena n I t issue Septembe1 n do leadee partye th th r f o r, Other major issues before the country have again been the e SiVillierd r s Graaff, said, "The United Party believes i t i s shortag f skilleo e d labour (cause y governmentab d d othean l r possible for different peoples of different colours and races and at curbs, over the years, on non-white educational and economk different levels of development to live within the framework of one progress), and the rising cost of living. A progressive step, widely State. But that framework will have to be such as to afford each welcomed e decisioth s p graduallnarroo wa nt , ga e wth y betweeD racial group adequate opportunities for self-expression and self- e salarieth f whito sd non-whitan e e public servants occupying fulfilment, control over matters of intimate and peculiar concern to equivalent posts announcemenn n spita I . f eo a revise f o t d policy mattern i themselvesy f sa mutuao s a d lan , concer l groupal o t ns for inter-racial sport at an "international" level, there were demon-, commensurate with their standards of development". strations against white South African teams that competed over- On several occasions the United Party has drawn attention to the increasing frustration and bitterness among urban Africans. 2 e.g. Mr. Allistcr Sparks in ibe Rand Dally Mall, 5 June, quoting an article by Profcsw During the debate on the Prime Minister's vote Sir dc Villiers r Merwde n c va publishe . Johv HW Nailon.Mr .Ne n d a n D'Olivciri dSl an e th n i a 18 May. 3 Press conference on 30 July, and radio Interview on 1 Augusl. • As reported In the Rand Daily Mall, 20 July, and Race Relations News, Aunust. ' Slur. AuEust0 3 . A SURVE F RACYO E RELATIONS, 1971 PROGRESSIVE PARTY 0 said that the situation could easily become explosive. A large During October . EgliMr , n visited Botswan r discussionfo a s sectio orderd f thesno e an eTh w . peoplside la f th s stile o n ewa o l d Mrswit e leaderan e state hth .
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