History of Scotland: Vol

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-60034-8 - History of Scotland: Vol. III.: From the Revolution of 1689 to the Disruption, 1843 P. Hume Brown Frontmatter More information

(!!ambtibge ~istotical ~eties EDITED BY G. W. PROTHERO, LITT.D.

HONORARY FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

HISTORY OF SCOTLAND

VOLUME III

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-60034-8 - History of Scotland: Vol. III.: From the Revolution of 1689 to the Disruption, 1843 P. Hume Brown Frontmatter More information

HISTORY

OF SCOTLAND

VOL. III.

FROM THE REVOLUTION OF 1689

TO THE DISRUPTION, 1843

P. HUME BROWN, M.A., LL.D.,

HISTORIOGRAPHER-ROYAL FOR SCOTLAND, AND FRASER PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT (SCOTTISH) HISTORY AND PAI.AEOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

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CONTENTS.

BOOK VII.

THE AGE OF SECULAR INTERESTS.

CHAPTER I.

WILLIAM AND MARY, 1689-1694' WILLIAM, 1689-1702.

I. if (1689-1690). State of Scot Be-establishment Presbyterianism land at William's succession, 1-3' Parties in the country, 5-6. Meeting of the Estates, 6-7. Rising under Dundee, 7-8. Battle of Killiecrankie. 9. The Fight at Dunkeld, 9-1I. The Religious Settlement, 111-16. II. tif (1690-16911). State of the Highlands, Tile Massacre Glencoe 16--18. Macdonald of Glencoe, 18-19' Massacre of Glencoe, IIO-III. Meeting of General Assembly, 21-113. The" Assurance," 113. Episco palians and Presbyterians, 113-24' III. (1695-17011). State of Scottish Trade. 24. The Darien Scheme Scottish smuggling in the Colonies, 114-26. William Paterson, 27. "Act for a Company trading to Africa and the Indies," 27-118. The English Parliament and the Company, 29-30. Subscript;"llS to the Company in Scotland, 31. The first Expedition, 32-33' The second Expedition, 33-34' The third Expedition, 34-37. Complete failure of the Colony at Darien, 37. State of feeling in Scotland, 38-39. Execution of Thomas Aikenhead for Blasphemy, 40. Bank of Scotland founded, 41. Act for settling Schools, 41. Act against wrongous Imprisonment, 42. William's relations with Scotland, 4\1-43.

VI Contents

CHAPTER II.

SCOTLAND ON THE EVE OF THE UNION. Relations of England and Scotland since the Union of the Crowns, 44. Landlords and Tenants, 45-46. State of Agriculture, 46-48. Economical condition of the towns, 49-50. The Merchant Company of Edinburgh, 51-52. Foreign trade, 53-54' The Convention of Royal Burghs, 54-55' Disputes with the staple port, Campvere, 55,8. Commercial legislation, 58-59. Scottish craftsmen, 59-61. Manufactories, Cloth 6z-63' industries, 64-65' Fishery Company, 66. Relative importance of the towns, 67-68. The coinage, 69. Correction·houses, 70. Scotland com pared with France and Germany, 71. State of Education, 7[-72. Scotland ripe for commercial enterprise, 72-73. Necessity for union of English and Scottish Parliaments, 74'

CHAPTER III.

ANNE, 17°2-[714. I. (17°2-[7°5). Anne acceptable to the The Union Impending Scottish people, 75. Scottish politicians and Anne's accession, 75-76. Anne desires Union, 77. Marlborough's victories and the Union, 78. Meeting of the Estates, Queensberry and Hamilton, 80-81. 79-80. Proceedings of the Estates, 82-84' Election of a new Parliament, 84-85. State of parties, 86-87. Whig measures, 88. Fletcher of Saltoun, 88-89' The Act of Security, 89-91. The Scots Plot, 91-92. The Jacobites and the Country Party, Act of Security passed, 93. Its results, 94' Alien Act passed by9z-93. English Parliament against the Scots, Captain ib. Thomas Green, 94-96. Third session of the Scottish Parliament, 96. State of parties, 97-98. Riding of Parliament, 98-100. Appointment of Commissioners of Union, JOO-IOI. of Members of II. Proceedings of the Commisst'oners Union (1706). the Commissions, (02-(0~. Meeting of the Commissioners, 104-(05' "Entire union" accepted by both Commissions, 105. Agreement regarding taxation, The Equivalent, 107. Representation in the United [05-(07. Parliament, 108. Final arrangements, (09, III. of of ([ 706-(707). Uncertain prospects Passing the Treaty Union of the Treaty ill the Scottish Parliament, IlO-lI (. Meeting of Scottish Parliament, Ill. State of parties, Ill. Parliamentary leaders, Il3-114'

vii Contents Riot in Edinburgh, II5. Parliamentary oratory, II6. Act securing the National Church, II7-Il8. Addresses against Union, II8-II9. Riot in Glasgow, II9. Treaty burned at Dumfries, 120. Conduct of the Duke of Hamilton, 1111. Favourable progress of the Treaty, IIl2. Last attempt to wreck the Treaty, J23-124. Death of the Earl of Stair, 124. Passing of the Treaty, IIl5. Did bribery carry the Union? 126-J28. IV. of (1707-1714). English officials in Scotland,.First 129. fruitsGloomy auguriesIke Union for the Union, Troubles with the Equivalent, 130. Dishonest trading, 130-132. Abolitionio. of the Scottish Privy Council, 132-133. Jacobite plots, 134-J35. Jacobite invasion, 135-137. Loyalty of the National Clergy, 138-139. Arrest of suspected noblemen, 140. Parliamentary election, 140-141. Question of the election of the eldest sons of peers, 141-142. Scottish Law of Treason abolished, 142-145. Growing dislike of the Union in Scotland, 145. Case of the Rev. James Greenshields, 146. Act of Toleration, 147-148. Lay patronage restored, 148. Scottish peers and the Union, 148-149. The Malt Tax, 150-151. Attempt to undo the Union, 152-153.

CHAPTER IV.

THE RISING OF 1715. Accession of George I, 15+. Triumph of ilie Whigs, 155-156. Menacing state of the Highlands, 156-157. Parliamentary election victory of the Whigs, 158. Preparations against rebellion, 158-159. '!~c Eari ot Mat and the Government, 159-161. Mar proceeds to Scot· land, 161. The gathering at Aboyne, 161. Measures of the Government, 162-163. Jacobites and Hanoverian!;, 163-166. Prospects of the Rising, 166. Mar raises ilie standard in Braemar, 167. Rebels seize Perth, 168. Jacobite attempt on the Castle of Edinburgh, 169-170. The Government forces in Scotland, 171-172. Duke of Argyle appointed Commander-in-chief, 172. Proceedings of the rebel army, 173-174. Seizure of a Government ship at Burntisland, 174-175. Jacobite risings in Northumberland and in the south of Scotland, 175. The two bodies unite, Detachment of Mar's forces crosses the Forth under Mackintosh of Borlum,io. 176. Attempt on Edinburgh, 177. Mackintosh joins the souiliern rebels, 178. March into England, 179. Capitulation of the rebels at Preston, 180. Mar leaves Perth, 181. Battle of Sheriffmuir, 182-184. Recapture of Inverness, 184. Arrival of the Pretender in Scotland, 185. His appearance in the rebel army at Perth, 186. Perth shire villages burned by the rebels, 186-187. Rebel army leaves Perth,

... V1II Contents and marches to Montrose, 181-188. The Pretender sails for France, 188. End of the rebellion, 188. Fate of rebel leaders, 189. Forfeited Estates Bill, 190' Trial of rebels at Carlisle, 191. Commission on Forfeited Estates, 191-193. Act of Grace and Free Pardon, 193. Trial of rebels in Scotland, 19+-195' Prospects of the Jacobites, 195. Cardinal Alberoni and the Pretender, 196. AIberoni sends a fleet to invade England, 196. Fleet driven back by storms, Jacobite attempt of 1719, 197-198. ib.

CHAPTER V.

THB ARGATHBLIANS AND THB SQUADRONB, 1119-11+5. The Argathelians and the Squadrone, 199. Argyle disgraced, ')00. The Peerage Bill, 200-'20'). Triumph of the Argathelians, ,)03. Parlia mentary election-Victory of the Whigs, 203-204' Evictions in Galloway, 204-205. The Malt Tax, 205-207' Riot in Glasgow in consequence of the tax, 207-208. Discontent with the tax in Edinburgh, Walpole abolishes the office of Secretary for Scotland, 209-210. Dis 209. arming of the Highlands, 2II-2I2. Construction of Highland Roads by General Wade, 'ZI')-213. Rivalries of the Argathelians and the Squadrone, 215. James Erskine of Grange, 215-216. Walpole and the Argathelians, 217-'218. Smuggling in Scotland, 218. The Porteous Moh, ')19-2')6. Fall of Walpole and triumph of the Squadrone, 226-228. The Black Watch, ,)28-231.

CHAPTER VI. RELIGION-SOCIAL PROGRESS, 1714-17+5. Growth of the secular spirit, 232-235. The two parties I. Religion. in the National Church, 235-236. Effects of the Oath of Abjuration, 236-237. Professor John Simson tried for heresy by the General Assembly, 238-239. The Marrow Controversy, 239--240. The First Secession, ')40--242. The Episcopal Church, 2+2-244' The Usagers and Anti-Usagers, 244--245' and Disappointment with the Union, II. Social Industria! Progress. 245. Condition of trade, 245-247. Survival of mediaeval principles of trade, ')47-248. Growth of manufactures, 248-251. The Fishery Trade, 252-253. Home trade, 253-255. Foreign trade-Greenock and Glasgow, 255-257. Agricultural progress, 257-258. Food of the people, 259. State of the Highlands, 259-261. Schools and Universities, 261-265. Literature, 265-268.

IX Contents

CHAPTER VII.

THE JACOBITE RISING OF 1745. Prospects of the Jacobites, 269-270. Attempted French invasion, 271. The Jacobite "Association," 272-273. Movements of Princ.e Charles Edward, 273-274. He sails for Scotland, 274-275. His personal appearance and character, 275-277. His landing, 277-278. Gathering of the clans, 278. Standard raised at Glenfinnan, 279' Prospects of Charles, 280-282. Unpreparedness of the Government, 283-284. Movements of Sir John Cope, 284-286. Cope avoids battle, 287. Charles at Perth, 289. March on Edinburgh, 291. Alarm in Edinburgh, 292- 294. Rebels capture Edinburgh, 295-296. Battle of Prestonpans, 296- 299. Charles occupies Edinburgh, 299-300. Disputes among Charles's officers, 300. Invasion of England, 301-303. Capture of Carlisle, 303- 304. March to Derby, 305-307. Retreat to Scotland, 307-308. March to Glasgow, 308-310. Events in the Highlands, 310-312. Rebels capture Stirling, 313. Battlc of Falkirk, 313-316. Retreat to the High lands, 316. Capture of Inverness, 318. Movements of the Duke of Cumberland, 319. Night march of rebels on Nairn, 320-321. Battle of Culloden, Suppression of the Rebellion, 325. Fate of the 321-324' rebel leaders, 326-327. Acts against the Episcopal clergy, 327-328. Disarming Act, 328. Abolition of Highland dress, Abolition of ib. Feudal Jurisdictions, 329-330. Lord President Forbes, 331-332.

CHAPTER VIII.

1745 1789' Importance of the 18th century in I. Public Eventsfrom to Scottish history, 332. Political condition of the country, 334-335. Im portance of the office of Lord Advocate, 336. Act for the encouragement of the linen manufacture, 337. Act annexing Forfeited Estates to the Crown, 337-338. The Appin Murder, 339. Fishery and Turnpike Acts, 340-341. Question of Militia for Scotland, 341-342. The Bute Ministry, 342-343. The Banking Bill, 343' The Douglas Cause, 344- 345. Montgomery's Entail Act, 345-346. The Meal Riots, 346-347- Henry Dundas, 347-348. Colliers and Salters, 348-349' Catholic Emancipation, 349-351. Dundas and the Navy, 351-352. Measures in favour of the Highlands, 352. Dundas and Pitt, 353-354. Beginning of "Dundas Despotism," 354' State of the electorate in Scotland, 354- 356. Movement for burgh reform, 356-357.

x Conte1zts n. 1745 1789' Rapid development of Industrial Progress from to Scotland during the period, 358. Growth of manufactures, 358-359' Agricultural progress, 359-360. Construction of public works, 360. State of the Highlands, 361-362. III. 1746 1789' "New tide of The Church and Literature from to opinions and manners," 362-363. Characteristics of Moderatism, 363- 364' Typical Moderates, 364-365' The "New Moderatism," 366-368. Secession resulting in the Relief Church, 368. New Moderates and" High flyers," 368. Home's Tragedy of 369. Decline of Moderatism, Douglas, 370. Intellectual development of the country, 371. Hume's Treatise of 372. Prevailing scepticism, 373. The Scottish Human Natun, Philosophy, 373-374' Contributions to Literature and Science, 375.

CHAPTER IX. GEORGE III, 1760-1820. THE DUNDAS DESPOTISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1806. New departure in the national life, 376. Effects of the French Revolu tion in Scotland, 377-378. Policy of Dundas, 378-379. Secret Societies, State Trials of Scottish Reformers, 381-384. Deposition of Henry 380. Erskine from the Deanship of the Faculty of Advocates, 385. Its results, 385. Beginnings of a Whig party, 386. Dread of revolutionary principles, 386-387. Fear of invasion, 388. Emancipation of colliers, 388. Educa tion Act, 389. published, 389. Impeachment of Edinburgh Review Dundas, 390. Origins of the Dundas Despotism, 391-392. Decay of Moderatism, 392. Election to the Chair of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, 394' Literature of the period-Burns and Scott, 394-396. Anglicising of Scottish manners, 396-397.

CHAPTER X. THE VICTORY OF REFORM, 1806-1833. The Ministry of All the Talents, 398. Growing power of the Whig party in Scotland, 399. Revolutionary Societies, 400-401. Alleged conspiracy in Glasgow, 4°1. Arrest and trial of the conspirators, 402-403' The newspaper established, Blackwood's Scotsman 403. Edinburgh 404' The "Radical War," 405-406. Public Meeting in the Magazilte, Pantheon, Edinburgh, 406-407' The political crisis in Scotland, 408. The and newspapers, 409. Duel between Stuart of DuneamBeacon and Sir AlexanderSentinel Boswell of Auchinleck, Lord Advocate ib.

Xl Contents Rile, <4'0. Partial reform of the burghs, <4n. Partial reform of the Court of Session, 4'2. Letters of Malachi Malagrowther, 413. Burke and Hare murders, 4'.... End of the "manager" in Scottish affairs, 415. Tory discontent with the second Lord Melville, ... '5-416. Public Meeting in favour of Catholic Emancipation, 416-417. Parliamentary Reform-State of the electorate in Scotland, 417-,p8. The Reform Bill-Excitement in Scotland, 418. First election after passing of the Bill, 420-421. Passing of Burgh Reform Bills, 4211.

CHAPTER XI.

"THE DISRUPTION," 1833-18... 3. Continued decline of Moderatism, 423-42.... Mutual relations of the religious and political movements, ... 25. The Veto Act and the Chapel Act, ",26. The Auchterarder Case, ... 27. The Mamoch Case, ",28-",29' The General Assembly and the Court of Session, ",29' "Claim of Rights," ... 30' The Disruption, ... 31. Religious effort in Scotland since the Dis· ruption, ... 32-... 33. Scotland's contribution to the Empire, ... 33-44....

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX •