NATIONAL COMPANY FOR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ADMINISTRATION BRAȘOV – ORADEA MOTORWAY OGRA – BORȘ SECTOR GILĂU – BORŞ SECTION DOCUMENTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE TRANSFRONTIER CONTEXT “ Brașov – Oradea Motorway, sector Ogra – Borș” Documentation for environmental impact in the cross - border context Contents 1. Description of the proposed activity and its purpose .................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Purpose of the project ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Project description ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.1. Longitudinal profille ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2. Transversal profile .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.3. Thus the overall width of the transversal profile will be 27.5 m / 28.0 m. ............................................................... 8 1.2.4. The route: .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.5. Works necessary to provide the rainwater drainage ............................................................................................11 2. Description of the analyzed alternatives ...................................................................................................................13 2.1. Route alternatives ................................................................................................................................................14 2.2. Construction alternatives ......................................................................................................................................15 3. Description of the environment possibly affected by the proposed activity and suggested alternatives .......................16 3.1. Water ..................................................................................................................................................................17 3.2. Air .......................................................................................................................................................................18 3.3. Soil ......................................................................................................................................................................20 3.4. Biodiversity ..........................................................................................................................................................20 3.5. Human settlements ..............................................................................................................................................22 3.6. Cultural patrimony ................................................................................................................................................23 4. Description the potential impact of the proposed activity. Describe the potential impact of the proposed alternatives. Estimation of the importance of the impact ..................................................................................................................24 4.1. The potential impact on the quality and quantity of water .......................................................................................24 4.2. Potential impacts on air and climate quality ...........................................................................................................26 4.3. Potential impacts on flora and fauna .....................................................................................................................29 4.4. Potential impacts on soil, subsoil and land use ......................................................................................................34 4.5. The potential impact on the landscape and the visual environment ........................................................................35 4.6. Impact on human settlements and other objectives ...............................................................................................37 4.7. Impact of noise and vibration ................................................................................................................................38 4.8. Impact on historical and cultural heritage ..............................................................................................................39 5. Description of the proposed improvement measures in order to reduce as far as possible the impact on the environment ...............................................................................................................................................................40 5.1 Proposed measures to prevent, reduce and compensate adverse effects on the water environment factor ..............40 5.2 Proposed measures to prevent, reduce and compensate for adverse effects on the air environment factor ..............44 5.3. Proposed measures to prevent, reduce and compensate for adverse effects on the soil-subsoil environmental factor ........ .................................................................................................................................................................45 5. Outline surveillance and management programs and other plans for further analysis of the project ...........................54 6. Non-technical summary, including a graphical presentation (maps, graphics, etc.) ....................................................56 Beneficiary: National Company For Road Infrastructure Administration “ Brașov – Oradea Motorway, sector Ogra – Borș” Documentation regarding the environmental impact in the cross - border context List of figures Figure 1. Braşov – Oradea Motorway, Ogra – Borş Sector and crossed counties .......................................................... 5 Figure 2. Route alternative .........................................................................................................................................15 Figure 3. The route alternative proposed within the constructive option that includes the building of Meseş Tunnel .......16 Figure 4. Overlapping of the Brasov-Oradea Highway route, Ogra-Borş sector with Romania's hydrographic basins .....17 Figure 5. Location of the Brasov - Oradea motorway route in relation to the surface water bodies in Hungary ...............18 Figure 6. Overlap of the motorway route with the climate zones defined in Romania ....................................................19 Figure 7. Location of the Brasov - Oradea motorway in relation to the protected natural areas......................................21 Figure 8. Map of the location of protected natural areas within the Natura 2000 network in Hungary located at a distance of no more than 10 km from the axis of the Brasov - Oradea Motorway ........................................................................22 Figure 9. The location of the Brasov - Oradea motorway in relation to the residential areas of Hungary ........................23 Figure 10. Landscapes in the plain area: agroecosystems (left), mosaic of agroecosystems (right) ...............................36 Figure 11. Landscapes in the hill area: agro-ecosystems mosaic, semi-natural habitats and habitat areas (right) and landscapes dominated by natural formations (meadows, forests, riparian-lying areas) ..................................................36 Figure 12. Structure of gutters to be made along the paths of temporary technological roads .......................................40 Figure 13. A model of a giant and reinforced stone gutter that ensures the drainage of rainwater in a manner that replicates natural structures ........................................................................................................................................41 Figure 14. Bank Stabilization Solutions: Left: Model of a gabion mattress prepared to receive rockfalls (Arrigo Gabioni Inc); Right: the use of rockfalls for the protection of some banks...................................................................................42 Figure 15. Temporary water storage areas provide significant local biodiversity indices contributing to enhanced fluid balance ......................................................................................................................................................................48 Figure 16. The use of microhabitats boulders that is able to provide additional environmental niches (left) and acting as a water drain zones of the washer which substantially contribute to stabilizing slopes (Right) ........................................49 Figure 17. Location of the Brasov-Oradea motorway in relation to the protected natural areas declared on the territory of Romania .....................................................................................................................................................................58 List of tables Table 1. Species and habitats of Community interest based on which were declared Sites of Community Importance within the Natura 2000 network in Hungary located