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Proceedings of the Third Finnish-Swedish Seminar on the Gulf of Bothnia

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Proceedings of the Third Finnish-Swedish Seminar on the Gulf of Bothnia VESIENTUTKIMUSLAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS OF THE WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE PENTTI KANGAS AND MIKAELA FORSSKAHL (eds.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD FINNISH-SWEDISH SEMINAR ON THE GULF OF BOTHNIA Pori, Finland, August 20—21, 1984 VESI- JA YMPÄRISTOHALLITUS — NATIONAL BOARD OF WATERS AND ENVIRONM ENT, FINLAND Helsinki 1986 Tekijät ovat vastuussa julkaisun sisällöstä, eikä siihen voida vedota vesi- ja ympäristöhallituksen virallisena kannanottona. The authors are responsible for the contents of the publication. It may not be referred to as the official view or policy of the National Board of Waters and Environment. ISBN 951-47-0881-4 ISSN 0355-0982 Helsinki 1987. Valtion painatuskeskus 3 CONTENTS Lauri Tarasti: Opening address 6 HYDROGRAPHY Stig Fonselius: The hydrography of the Gulf of Bothnia. Report from the hydrography group. 8 Cecilia Ambjörn: The water exchange between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic proper as simulated by the meteorological conditions in a statistical model. 17 Hannu Grönvall & Simo Kalliosaari: The use of satellite pictures for mapping the ice conditions and surface temperatures in the Gulf of Bothnia. 19 Raimo Heikkilä: Recent sedimentation in the delta of the Kyrönjoki, Western Finland. 24 Folke Koroleff & Vappu Tervo: The concentration of iron in the waters of the Gulf of Bothnia during 1973—1984, with a note on other heavy metals in Baltic waters. 29 Matti Leppäranta & Pekka Alenius: Statistical features of the hydrography in the Gulf of Bothnia. 33 Kalervo Mäkelä: Variations in dry matter, phosphorus and organic carbon in two Bothnian Bay sediment cores in relation to hydraulic engineering works. 36 Heikki Pitkänen, Pentti Kangas, Petri Ekholm & Matti Perttilä: Surface distribution of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the Finnish coastal waters in 1979—1983. 40 POLLUTION LOAD Emelie Enckell-Sarkola: The pollutant load imposed on the Gulf of Bothnia — a survey. Lennart Granat: Wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds (NH4 and NO3) over the Gulf of Bothnia estimated from measurements in Sweden. 60 Kyösti Jumppanen & Olli Kolehmainen: Nutrient discharge by the River Aurajoki to the Archipelago Sea. 63 Jarmo J. Meriläinen: Loads of nutrients, organic matter and suspended solids discharged by the River Kyrönjoki into the Bothnian Bay. 67 Heikki Pitkänen: Discharges of nutrients and organic matter to the Gulf of Bothnia by Finnish rivers in 1968—1983. 72 Heikki Pitkänen, Jorma Niemi, Juha Sarkkula & Olavi Sandman: Phosphorus and nitrogen balance of a coastal bay. 84 Kristiina Tuomainen, Erkki Ilus & Tarja K. Taipale: Long-lived radionuclides in the sediments of the Gulf of Bothnia. 91 BIOLOGY Ann-Britt Andersin, Ulf Grimäs, Pentti Kangas, Hannu Lehtonen & Juha-Markku Leppänen: Review of the biology of the Gulf of Bothnia. 96 Ann-Britt Andersin: The question of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea — results from a long-term study of the macrozoobenthos in the Gulf of Bothnia. 102 Sven Ankar & Kjell Leoriardsson: The benthic macrofauna of the Holmö area (northern Bothnian Sea). 107 Ea Maria Blomqvist: A shallow-water fish community structured by land uplift and dredging. 112 Erik Bonsdorff, Erkki Leppäkoski & Carl-Sture jisterman: Patterns in post-impact successions of zoobenthos following physical and chemical disturbance in the northern Baltic Sea. 117 Hans Cederwall: State of the Swedish coastal zone of the Gulf of Bothnia. 122 Hans Cederwall & Bo-Göran Persson: Results of macrobenthos studies in Ljusne Bay examined in relation to the pollution load. 129 472384L 4 Richard Hudd, Mikael Hiiden & Lauri Urho: The effects of anthropogenic acidification on the stocks and fisheries of bream and burbot in the sea area influenced by the River Kyrönjoki in the Gulf of Bothnia. 134 Maija Huttunen, Kaisa Kononen, Juha-Markku Leppänen & Torbjörn Willn: Phytoplankton of the open sea areas of the Gulf of Bothnia — observations made in the first stage of the Baltic monitoring programme in 1979—1983. 139 Erkki Ilus, Jaakko Ojala & Kirsti-Liisa Sjöblom: Effect of dischargcs from the Olkiluoto nuclear power station on the recciving waters. 145 Päivi Kippo-Edlund & Ake Niemi: Phytoplankton composition and biomass in the Archipelago Sea, Northern Baltic, in 1966—1970 and 1979—1982. 149 Elina Leskinen, Olli Kolehmainen & Ilkka Isotalo: The response of periphytic organisms to the load of organic and inorganic nutrients from a fish farm. 155 Anita Mäkinen & Kai Aulio: Cladophora giomerata (Chlorophyta) as an indicator of coastal eutrophication. 160 Olof Sandström: Pulp miil effluents and fish — a case study. 164 HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Rolf Kristoffersson, Henrik Sandler, Veijo Miettinen & Mats Olsson: Review on harmful sub stances in the Gulf of Bothnia. 167 Kai Aulio: Aquatic macrophytes as indicators of heavy metal pollution. 171 Ake Bengtsson & Veijo Miettinen: Spinal deformities and concentrations of heavy metals and chlorophenols in the fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis L.) off the Finnish coast of the Bothnian Bay. 175 Elisabeth Fogelqvist, Katarina Abrahamsson, Björn Josefsson & Tian-Min Xie:The use of lipo philicity in studies of the distribution pathways of chlorinated organics from a pulp mill. 179 Pentti Kangas & Hilkka Autio: Macroalgae as indicators of heavy metal pollution. 183 Ake Larsson, Carl Haux & Maj-Lis Sjöbeck: Field application of physiological methods on fish exposed to metal pollution. 190 Reijo Lindström: Deformation of Mytilus edulis L. shells as index ofwater quality. 194 Matti Perttilä & Hannu Haahti: Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the water and sediments of the sea areas around Finland. 197 Christoffer Rappe, Per-Andreas Bergqvist & Stellan Marklund: Analysis of aquatic biota for polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. 201 Henrik Sandler: Heavy metals in benthic crustaceans and mysids in the Bothnian Sea. 205 Inke Sunila & Reijo Lindström: Effects of copper and cadmium on the shell morphology, length growth and survival of the mussel Mytilus edulis L. 211 S UMMARY Stig Fonselius: Summary of the Gulf of Bothnia seminar in Pori 1984. 215 5 PREFACE various authorities, research institutes and uni versities in Sweden and Finland. The greater part The primary aims of the Finnish..Swedish co of scientific results was presented in posters; the 41 operation agreement on the Gulf of Bothnia is to scientific articles published in this volume are study the state of pollution of the Gulf of Bothnia, based on 47 posters and 10 lectures. Thus most of to detect possible long-term changes in the sea and the texts are very brief. The articles have been to collect the inforrnation necessary for decisions grouped according to the fields of the four working on the utilization and protection of the marine groups of the Committee for the Gulf of Bothnia. environment. To acquire information on current In each of them the papers are given in alphabetical scientific research, the Committee for the Gulf of order after the concluding presentation of the Bothnia has organized seminars. The first seminar respective group. was held in Vaasa, Finland, in 1978 (Finnish Marine The manuscripts have been reviewed by the Research No. 244) and the second in Luleå, experts of the working groups of the Committee. Sweden, in 1981 (Naturvårdsverket SNV PM No. As the technical standard of the figures varied 1618). greatly, the have been redrawn by Mrs. Paula The third seminar on the Gulf of Bothnia was Ullakko according to the editors’ concepts. The held on 20—21 August 1984 in Pori, Finland. It English of the whole volume has been revised by was attended by about 120 representatives from Mrs. Anna A. Damström. Helsinki, June 1986 Pentti Kangas and Mikaela Forsskåhl The editors of the proceedings 6 OPENING ADDRESS results reported in ali three has been extremely satisfactory; for example, besides the general Honoured seminar participants lectures and introduction to discussions, the Concern about trends in the condition of the present seminar will comprise over 40 special Baltic Sea is nothing new. Scientists were already reports. 1 belive that this will constitute a firm discussing this subject at the end of last century basis for an assessment of the situation in the Gulf and heated controversy was caused in the late of Bothnia during the last few years, of the 1960s by the widespread oxygen deficiency ob measures called for by the situation and of the served in the basin water. So far, scientists have recommendations that should be made for the not been able to determine definitely what part is research programme for the coming years. played in these changes by natural processes and One of the most important duties of the what part by man. Irrespective of the total extent Ministry of the Environment, which started work of human influence, however, the administrative last October, is the protection of the marine policy should be to ensure that the burden environment. The condition of the sea area around imposed upon the marine environment is not Finland is strongly influenced by measures taken in excessive. Future generations must inherit a the interior, along rivers, in built-up areas and in healthy living sea. business and industry. The work of the Ministry The Gulf of Bothnia is the most important involves decisions which wili have far-reaching and separate basin system in the Baltic Sea. In 1972 an Iong-lasting effects, decisions that influence the agreement was reached on the coordination of economy and are often closely concerned with research aimed at environmental protection in the economic and regional
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