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Ulos Di Tugu Khatulistiwa : Studi Deskriptif Akulturasi

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Ulos Di Tugu Khatulistiwa : Studi Deskriptif Akulturasi ULOS DI TUGU KHATULISTIWA : STUDI DESKRIPTIF AKULTURASI MASYARAKAT BATAK DI PONTIANAK Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Psikologi Program Studi Psikologi Oleh: Albert Arie Bonivor NIM: 06 9114 099 PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI JURUSAN PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2011 ULOS DI TUGU KHATULISTIWA : STUDI DESKRIPTIF AKULTURASI MASYARAKAT BATAK DI PONTIANAK Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Psikologi Program Studi Psikologi Oleh: Albert Arie Bonivor NIM: 06 9114 099 PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI JURUSAN PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2011 i HALAMAN MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN Menaklukkan alam adalah dengan cara bersinkronisasi dengan alam, menaklukkan manusia adalah dengan cara mengerti manusia. - AB THIRTEEN – Dame Ma di Hita Saluhutna (Dame Ma di Hita Saluhutna) Karya ini saya persembahkan sebagai jawaban atas harapan untuk mencapai kehidupan yang damai dalam tatanan dunia ideal. iv ULOS DI TUGU KHATULISTIWA : STUDI DESKRIPTIF AKULTURASI MASYARAKAT BATAK DI PONTIANAK Albert Arie Bonivor ABSTRAK Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi deskriptif mengenai kisah hidup masyarakat Batak di Pontianak yang selanjutnya dipahami sebagai proses akulturasi secara utuh. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses dan bentuk strategi akulturasi masyarakat Batak di Pontianak. Ciri khas yang dimiliki Kalimantan Barat yaitu mengidentikkan etnis dengan agama tertentu, membuat etnis Batak selalu diidentikkan dengan agama Kristiani, agama yang sama dengan salah satu etnis yang pernah berkonflik. Masyarakat Batak di Pontianak dalam catatan sejarah, tidak pernah terlibat dalam konflik yang telah sering terjadi di Kalimantan Barat. Hal ini menjadi ketertarikan tersendiri untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola akulturasi masyarakat Batak di Pontianak. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Batak di Pontianak mengandalkan nilai-nilai budaya Batak sebagai acuan dalam setiap tahap akulturasi yang dilaluinya hingga saat ini. Dalihan na tolu menjadi konsep dasar yang mengatur pola interaksi mereka dengan masyarakat di Pontianak. Tata cara berperilaku yang diatur dalam Dalihan na tolu mengarahkan masyarakat Batak memilih strategi Integrasi dalam menjalani proses akulturasi. Kata Kunci : Akulturasi, Tahapan akulturasi, Strategi akulturasi, orang Batak. vi ULOS IN THE EQUATOR MONUMENT : A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF BATAKNESE ACCULTURATION IN PONTIANAK Albert Arie Bonivor ABSTRACT This study was a descriptive study of the life story of Bataknese people in Pontianak, understood as the process of acculturation in their entirety. The goal to find out how the process and strategy of acculturation Bataknese people in Pontianak. West Borneo has the unique characteristic that identifies a particular ethnicity to a religion, ethnic Batak always identified with the Christian religion, the similar religion with ethnic that was involved with the ethnical conflict. Bataknese people in Pontianak, in recorded history, was never involved in a conflict that has often occurred in West Borneo. Researcher want to know what is the Bataknese people acculturation patterns in Pontianak. Researcher was using qualitative descriptive method, with interviews and observation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the Bataknese people in Pontianak using Bataknese cultural values as a guide in every stage of acculturation. Dalihan na tolu became basic concepts that regulate their interaction with people in Pontianak. The procedure how to behaving that guiding in Dalihan na tolu, directing Bataknese people choose integration strategies during their acculturation process. Key words : Acculturation, Stages of acculturation, acculturation strategies, Bataknese People. vii KATA PENGANTAR Dengan rahmat Tuhan Semesta Alam yang Maha Esa, yang memberikan petunjuk dan semangat selama ini akhirnya saya dapat menyelesaikan tulisan ini. Sebuah karya yang tidak seberapa bila dibandingkan dengan berkat yang diberikan-Nya kepada saya, terima kasih tak terhingga untuk Engkau. Karya ini ditujukan untuk memenuhi syarat mendapatkan gelar Sarjana dalam bidang Psikologi (S.Psi) sebagai pelengkap ilmu yang selama ini saya pelajari di Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Karya ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sedikit sumbangsih kepada elemen-elemen yang (mungkin) berkepentingan didalamnya demi kebahagiaan bersama. Dengan harapan tidak disalahgunakan untuk kepentingan tertentu. Pemahaman bahwa hidup bersama tidaklah mudah dengan semua perbedaan yang ada, mengantarkan hasil penelitian ini menjadi bahan referensi kecil dalam proses pembelajaran hidup bersama. Sehingga impian hidup dalam damai dapat terus tertanam dalam benak kita semua. Sebuah ucapan terima kasih yang besar saya ucapkan kepada orang tua saya, Bapak Drs. Bontor Panggabean dan Ibu Rovina Clara Pangaribuan atas kesempatan yang berharga untuk saya dalam memenuhi rasa haus akan ilmu. Serta terhadap pengorbanan mereka dan dengan ciri khas masing-masing memberikan dukungan dan pengajaran hidup kepada saya, Mauliate. Terima kasih juga saya ucapkan kepada saudara-saudaraku, kakakku Mariavor Corry Sabarina Panggabean, SE dan adikku Anton Meirio Grahavor Panggabean, yang dengan kebersamaan dalam nama “VOR” dan dukungan yang diberikan selama ini. ix Sebagai seorang yang belum mahir dalam melakukan penelitian, saya menerima banyak bantuan, dukungan serta bimbingan baik secara moril maupun materil yang sangat berharga dan berperan penting dalam penyelesaian karya ini. Dengan hormat, secara khusus saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Dr. Christina Siwi Handayani, sebagai Dekan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Sanata Dharma. Begitu pula atas kesabaran dan kebijaksanaannya menjadi Dosen yang membimbing saya selama mengerjakan skripsi. 2. Segenap Dosen Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Sanata Dharma, yang dengan kebijaksanaannya membagikan ilmu mereka kepada saya. 3. Minta Istono, M.Si, yang dengan kesabaran dan ciri khasnya membimbing saya secara akademik. 4. Staf Fakultas : Mas Gandung, Bu Nanik, Mas Muji, Mas Doni dan Pak Gie, atas bantuannya selama saya menuntut ilmu. 5. Guru, sahabat dan patner diskusi sejati yang dengan luar biasa memberikan perspektif baru mulai dari awal hingga karya ini selesai dikerjakan : Dr. Y. Argo Twikromo, Sasmito Adi Singowidjojo, S.Psi., Prof. Dr. Syarif Ibrahim Alqadrie, MRH. Panggabean, M.Si., Khidir Marsanto, S.Ant., terima kasih atas bantuan anda. 6. Semua pihak-pihak yang memberikan data dan dalam penelitian ini : Para Informan, Masyarakat Pontianak, Pemerintah Daerah Kalimantan Barat, Pemerintah Kota Pontianak, Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Pontianak, Segenap jajaran Kepolisian Daerah Kalimantan Barat, x DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING...................................ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI .........................................................iii HALAMAN MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN................................................iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA........................................v ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................vi ABSTRACT......................................................................................................vii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH....................viii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................ix DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................xii DAFTAR TABEL……………………………………………………………xvi DAFTAR GAMBAR………………………………………………………..xvii DAFTAR SKEMA……………………………………………………….....xviii BAB I PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………………...1 A. Latar Belakang…………................................................................................1 B. Rumusan Masalah...........................................................................................7 C. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................7 D. Manfaat Penelitian .........................................................................................8 xii BAB II LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL………………………………………...9 A. Akulturasi…………………………………………………….……………..9 1. Pengertian…………………………….….…………………………..9 2. Proses akulturasi…….……………………………………………...11 3. Strategi akulturasi….……………………………………………….13 4. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akulturasi……………………...13 5. Konsekuensi / dampak akulturasi………………..…………………15 a. Perubahan perilaku……………………….………………...15 b. Stres akulturatif…………………….………………………15 B. Batak……………………………………………………………………….18 1. Nilai budaya Batak………………………………………………....18 a. Dongan Sabutuha atau Dongan Tubu…………………...….21 b. Hula-hula…………………………………………………...23 c. Boru………………………………………………………...24 2. Mayarakat Batak di Pontianak………………………….…………..26 C. Masyarakat Pontianak……………………………………………………...27 1. Demografis……………………………………………………...….27 2. Sosial, Ekonomi dan Budaya……………………………………….28 D. Batasan Konseptual………………………………………………………..30 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN……………………………………..31 A. Jenis Penelitian…………….………………………………………………31 B. Prosedur Penelitian………....……………………………………………...31 C. Subjek Penelitian...…………….………………...………………………...33 xiii D. Batasan Penelitian………………………………………………………….34 E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data………………………………………………....35
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