DOCSLIB.ORG

Sa Navy Perspective: the Impact of Piracy on Maritime Security

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sa Navy Perspective: the Impact of Piracy on Maritime Security SA NAVY PERSPECTIVE: THE IMPACT OF PIRACY ON MARITIME SECURITY Rear Admiral Sagaren Pillay Chief Director Maritime Strategy South African Navy 1 GEOSTRATEGIC ORIENTATION International effort to counter piracy REC initiatives Somalia Gulf of Guinea EU – RSA EU – RSA CRIMARIO SEACOP ACIRC BRAZIL A SF MSS FRANCE SADC SF OP PHAKISA Def Review EU – RSA Marsec IBSAMAR DEFCOM NSS IORA OXIDE Marsec Staff Talks ATLASUR BRICS GOODHOPE Marsec FLOs ATLANTIC TIDINGS IBSA Marsec 2 "The sea is a vital national interest and that is why we maintain the Navy. As a nation we believe in the freedom of the seas. That is a matter of national strategic interest. We are a maritime nation trading all over the world. We accept our obligation to combine with other maritime nations to uphold the freedom of the seas and to protect our national interests through naval power.” 3 Mandate DoD Priorities SA Maritime Zones Additional Responsibilities Geostrategic Orientation Piracy Figures SANDF counter piracy Maritime Security Operations Command & Control Conclusions 4 CONSTITUTION DEFENCE ACT WP & DR MINISTERIAL/SECDEF/CSANDF GUIDELINES MILITARY STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES MILITARY/ NAVY MISSIONS NAVY CAPABILITIES 5 GEOSTRATEGIC ORIENTATION International effort to counter piracy REC initiatives Somalia Gulf of Guinea EU – RSA EU – RSA CRIMARIO SEACOP ACIRC BRAZIL A SF MSS FRANCE SADC SF OP PHAKISA Def Review EU – RSA Marsec IBSAMAR DEFCOM NSS IORA OXIDE Marsec Staff Talks ATLASUR BRICS GOODHOPE Marsec FLOs ATLANTIC TIDINGS IBSA 6 Marsec 6 Defence Trade & Finance & Industry Security Economy of the Sea Maritime Ocean Transportation Governance Security Customs Maritime Revenue Security Services Maritime Military Border Activities Protection International Environmental Affairs Affairs Police Horizontal and Vertical Maritime Security – not just a defence issue Integration 7 Peace Keeping Border safe guarding Standing commitments Operation Copper Operation Corona Defend and protect 8 The ends or strategic objectives of the Military Strategy are threefold, namely to Enhance and maintain comprehensive defence capabilities Promote peace, security and stability in the region Support the people of South Africa 9 • Internal waters – inside the baseline • Territorial Seas – baseline to 12nm • Contiguous Zone -12 -24 nm • Exclusive Economic Zone – baseline to 200nm • Extended Continental Shelf Claim High Seas *Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 ±1000 Nm Prince Edward Islands 10 11 HYDROGRAPHY & OCEANOGRAPHY SEARCH & RESCUE 12 13 14 MARITIME BORDER SAFEGUARDING: MISSION AREA & CONCEPT (Future) OPV OPV Generic Unit Composition OPS AREA 6 OPS AREA 5 1x OPV per Ops Area 1x IPV per Harbour IPV 2x Naval Base (Smst & Dbn) OPV 6x Naval Stations 1x MCM System per Main Harbour IPV 1x ODT/Reaction Division per Harbour 1x Integrated Maritime Domain OPV Awareness System IPV OPS AREA 3 OPS AREA 1 IPV IPV IPV OPS AREA 2 OPV PEI OPV Gp OPS AREA 4 15 SA Navy/SANDF has been deployed almost continuously since 2011 FV Hqane Incident – Piracy Plus Jurisdiction & Mandate, International Collaboration 16 Maritime Security Operation LYNX Frigate & Embarked Assets SF Maritime Surveillance Aircraft MRS 2/25/2016 17 300 to 400 ships at any one time 18 Military Rotary Maritime Domain Awareness Classic solution Military Warships Interceptor Boats OPV/IPV Autonomism Air Vehicles Pirate/Criminal 19 Today’s missions differ from traditional military missions, not just at the margins, but qualitatively. Today’s missions are simultaneously more complex and more dynamic, requiring the collective capabilities and efforts of many organizations in order to succeed. This requirement for assembling a diverse set of capabilities and organizations into an effective coalition is accompanied by shrinking windows of response opportunity: Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, and multinational (JIIM) environment Traditional approaches to Command and Control are not up to the challenge. Simply stated, they lack the agility required in the 21st century. Alberts and Hayes, Power to the Edge 20 2015 saw an almost total absence of piracy, this is fact Achieving this has been costly and requires operating changes The new evolving maritime security challenges are : Smuggling – all forms IUU Fishing (Illegal, unreported & unregulated) Narcotics proliferation Terrorism 21 Future SA Navy orientation In addition to military orientation, more maritime security orientated. Information sharing and collaboration are the enablers National, regional and international Cost constrained options affects all. Mandate – Defend and Safeguarding South Africa's maritime and its people. 22 Re-Establish Naval Base Durban Administrative Command over Naval Stations in area Establish Support Base: Patrol Vessels Maritime Reaction Squadron Mine Counter Measures System Maintenance and Repair Infra-structure for Patrol Vessels Patrol Vessel Functional Training Facility 23 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 26 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dodannualreport20042005.Pdf
    chapter 7 All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General A. Fakir at telephone number +27-12 355 5800 or Fax +27-12 355 5021 Col R.C. Brand at telephone number +27-12 355 5967 or Fax +27-12 355 5613 email: [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number +27-12 392 2735 or Fax +27-12 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-36083-X RP 159/2005 Printed by 1 MILITARY PRINTING REGIMENT, PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 chapter 7 D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N C E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 i contents T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S PAGE List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Foreword by the Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Defence xi Strategic overview by the Secretary for Defence xiii The Year in Review by the Chief of the SA National Defence Force xv PART1: STRATEGIC DIRECTION Chapter 1 Strategic Direction Introduction 1 Aim 1 Scope of the Annual Report 1 Strategic Profile 2 Alignment with Cabinet and Cluster Priorities 2 Minister of Defence's Priorities for FY2004/05 2 Strategic Focus 2 Functions of the Secretary for Defence 3 Functions of the Chief of the SANDF 3 Parys Resolutions 3 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Sas Drakensberg's First 25 Years: the Life and Times of the Sa Navy's
    116 SAS DRAKENSBERG’S FIRST 25 YEARS: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF THE SA NAVY’S FOREMOST GREY DIPLOMAT, 1987–2012 André Wessels University of the Free State1 Abstract The South African Navy (SAN)’s first (and thus far only) purpose-built combat support ship, SAS Drakensberg, was commissioned on 11 November 1987. In this study, the ship’s first 25 years of service (1987–2012) to the SAN (and the people of South Africa) was analysed, with special reference to her role as a grey diplomat (i.e. the flag-showing cruises she undertook and her concomitant role in strengthening diplomatic and other ties with many countries). The Drakensberg’s other peace-time roles were also be reviewed, including – – humanitarian and related relief expeditions; – her role during exercises with other SAN warships as well as ships and submarines from other navies, both in South African waters and across the globe; – her role as a training ship; – ceremonial duties; and – lately also in anti-piracy patrols. Throughout the study, the Drakensberg’s activities were evaluated against the background of the changing political and other developments in South Africa, as well as internationally. In the article, it will be indicated how and why a ship that was conceived, designed and built in the apartheid era, in due course became the most prominent, most visible and most successful warship that thus far has been in SAN service. Introduction Scientia Militaria, South African November 11, 2012 marked the 25th Journal of Military Studies, Vol 41, Nr 2, 2013, pp. 116-141. anniversary of the South African Navy doi : 10.5787/41-2-1071 (SAN)’s only surviving combat support ship, SAS Drakensberg.
    [Show full text]
  • Music and Militarisation During the Period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus
    Music and Militarisation during the period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus Martha Susanna de Jongh Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor Stephanus Muller Co-supervisor: Professor Ian van der Waag December 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 29 July 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract In the absence of literature of the kind, this study addresses the role of music in militarising South African society during the time of the South African Border War (1966-1989). The War on the border between Namibia and Angola took place against the backdrop of the Cold War, during which the apartheid South African government believed that it had to protect the last remnants of Western civilization on the African continent against the communist onslaught. Civilians were made aware of this perceived threat through various civilian and military channels, which included the media, education and the private business sector. The involvement of these civilian sectors in the military resulted in the increasing militarisation of South African society through the blurring of boundaries between the civilian and the military.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformation in the Military Police Agency of the South African National Defence Force
    TRANSFORMATION IN THE MILITARY POLICE AGENCY OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE BY REAR ADMIRAL (JUNIOR GRADE) KHANYISILE LITCHFIELD TSHABALALA SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS IN THE SUBJECT CRIMINOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF HERMAN CONRADIE NOVEMBER 2004 ii PREFACE First of all I wish to thank God; who has always provided me with faith in myself and helped me to see the light at the end of tunnel. He has without failure, given me the strength to carry on. My sincere thanks to the Department of Criminology, University of South Africa, for affording me the opportunity to complete this study. I am indebted to my supervisor Professor Herman Conradie, for his insightful comments that opened up new perspectives that allowed me to explore avenues I would not have considered; and for his undying encouragement. To my husband, Mbongiseni Tshabalala, for taking the time to read various versions and offer valuable comments. I would not have completed this study without his support, his encouragement, and his dedication to the family. To all the respondents, for agreeing to be part of this research and for allowing themselves to re-live through some of the experiences they would rather block out. To my sisters and my mother, who stepped into my maternal role whenever I needed them. They remain a source of strength and security when I stand on shifting ground. To Rear Admiral Green, for allowing me to complete the work and still be sane. To my best friends, Ms Nonhlanhla Makhanda and Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Dodannualreport0203.Pdf
    Chapter 7 The Published Annual Report is available on the website of the Department of Defence at http://www.mil.za All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General E. Mann at telephone number 012 355 5800 or Fax 012 355 5021 Mr M.B. Khanyile at telephone number 012 355 6309 or Fax 012 355 5813 email [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number 012 392 2735 or Fax 012 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-34485-0 RP 145/2003 Printed by FORMESET PRINTERS CAPE Department of Defence Chapter 7 D EPARTMENT OF D EFENCE A NNUAL R EPORT 2 0 0 2 / 2 0 0 3 Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2003. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR-GENERAL 2002-2003 Annual Report i Chapter 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION Foreword by the Honourable M.G.P. Lekota, Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Honourable N.C. Madlala-Routledge, Deputy Minister of Defence x Chapter 1 Strategic Overview Annual Review 1 Aim and Scope of the Annual Report 2 Strategic Profile 2 Functions of the Department of Defence 4 Functions of the Defence Secretariat 4 Functions of the South African National Defence Force 4 Department of Defence Shared Values 4 Chapter 2 Defence Objectives Annual Review 6 Department of Defence Programmes 6 Business Strategy 8 Military Strategy 8 Cost of Defence 9 Strategic Issues 9 Losses and
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report2016/17
    Annual Report 2016/17 Annual Report 2016/17 GATEWAY TO DEFENCE SOLUTIONS C GATEWAY TO DEFENCE SOLUTIONS D Annual Report 2016/17 WHO WE ARE The Armaments Corporation of South Africa SOC Limited Management Act (Act 1 of 1999), as amended (the PFMA). (Armscor) is established in terms of the Armaments It is further regulated by the Regulations issued in terms Corporation of South Africa Limited Act (Act 51 of 2003), of the PFMA and those of the Companies Act of 2008. as amended (called the Armscor Act). It is therefore a state-owned company (SOC) as contemplated in the The Minister of Defence and Military Veterans is the Companies Act of 2008. Furthermore, it is listed as a executive authority responsible for Armscor. Schedule 2 Public Entity in terms of the Public Finance Armscor’s MISSION is to meet the defence matériel VISION requirements, defence Armcor’s VISION is to technology, research, become the premier development, defence technology analysis, and test and acquisition service MISSION and evaluation provider for the South requirements of African Government and the Department of our allies on the African Defence and other continent and the world. organs of state effectively, efficiently, economically and VALUES holistically. Armscor’s VALUES are the building blocks of the manner in which it conducts its business. Armscor believes in the highest standards and is committed to transformation, transparency and accountability. We, members of Armscor, pledge commitment to the following values: Leading by Results Customer Care and Excellence
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of South Africa Department of Defence Annual Report 2001
    C H A P T E R 1 Frontpage A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 / 2 0 0 2 1 The Published Annual Report is available on the website of the Department of Defence at http://www.mil.za All enquiries with respect to this report are to be forwarded to Brigadier General E. Mann at telephone number 012 355 5800 or Fax 012 355 5021 Mr M.B. Khanyile at telephone number 012 355 6309 or Fax 012 355 5813 email [email protected] ISBN 0-621-33248-8 RP 162/2002 Printed by FORMESET PRINTERS CAPE C H A P T E R 1 D EPARTMENT OF D EFENCE A NNUAL R EPORT 2 0 0 1 / 2 0 0 2 Mr M.P.G. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2002. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR-GENERAL A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 / 2 0 0 2 i DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2001/2002 Table of Contents PART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Submission of Annual Report to the Executive Authority i Foreword by the Honourable Mr M.G.P. Lekota, Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Honourable Ms N. Madlala-Routledge, Deputy Minister xi of Defence The Year in Review xiii Chapter 1: Strategic Overview Aim & Scope of the Report 1 Mandate 2 Vision 2 Mission 3 Strategic Issues 5 Discontinued Services 7 New Services 7 Losses and Damages 7 PART 2: HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Chapter 2: Organisational Structure and Human Resources Organisational Stucture 9 DOD Human Resource Strategy 2010 14 Macro Workforce Composition 14 Personnel Expenditure 16 Employment
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 73 Inside This Brief Maritime Security……………………………
    Editorial Team Inside this Brief Captain (Dr.) Gurpreet S Khurana Maritime Security…………………………….p. 6 Commander Dinesh Yadav Ms. Abhiruchi Chatterjee Maritime Forces………………………………p. 26 Address Shipping and Ports…………………………..p. 40 National Maritime Foundation Varuna Complex, NH- 8 Geopolitics and Miscellaneous………….p. 47 Airport Road New Delhi-110 010, India Email: [email protected] Acknowledgement: ‘Making Waves’ is a compilation of maritime news and news analyses drawn from national and international online sources. Drawn directly from original sources, minor editorial amendments are made by specialists on maritime affairs. It is intended for academic research, and not for commercial use. NMF expresses its gratitude to all sources of information, which are cited in this publication. Page 1 of 73 IFR: India’s maritime awakening? IFR can change dynamics in Indian Ocean: Navy chief President reviews Naval fleet at IFR 2016 Sea-borne terror, piracy challenge to maritime security: Narendra Modi IOR littoral security tops fleet review agenda: Navy India, Bangladesh discuss border security, maritime cooperation India, China hold inaugural dialogue on maritime cooperation China warns on South China Sea as U.S., India consider patrols With China’s Naval Base, Djibouti Could Become ‘Africa’s Singapore’ In the East China Sea, Beijing Tests Japan's Resolve Maritime dispute with China to take center stage in US-ASEAN summit Naval diplomacy checks Chinese tactics Page 2 of 73 Can the PLA Navy Make the Indian Ocean Chinese? Coast Guard eyes acquisition
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of South Africa Department of Defence Annual Report 2003
    All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General L.S. Mollo at telephone number 012 355 5800 or Fax 012 355 5021 Dr M.B. Khanyile at telephone number 012 355 6309 or Fax 012 355 5813 email: [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number 012 392 2735 or Fax 012 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-35254-3 RP 137/2004 Printed by FORMESET PRINTERS CAPE Department of Defence D EPARTMENT OF D EFENCE A NNUAL R EPORT 2 0 0 3 / 2 0 0 4 The Honourable Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 01 April 2003 to 31 March 2004. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR GENERAL FY2003-2004 Annual Report i TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Foreword by the Honourable Mr M.G.P. Lekota, Minister of Defence ix PART 1: STRATEGIC DIRECTION Strategic Overview 1 Chapter one: Strategic Direction Aim and Scope of the Annual Report 3 Alignment with Cabinet and Cluster Priorities 3 Strategic Profile 4 Aim of the DOD 4 Shared Values 4 Minister of Defence's Priorities for FY2003/04 4 Strategic Focus 4 Responsibilities and Strategic Direction in the DOD 5 Functions of the Secretary for Defence 5 Functions of the Chief of the SANDF 5 Policy Decisions 6 Chapter two: Defence Objectives, Outcome and Outputs Department of Defence Programmes 8 Strategic Objectives 8 Defence Outcome 8 Defence Outputs 8 Services Rendered 9 Discontinued Services
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    OUR VISION AND MISSION WHO WE ARE The Armaments Corporation of South Africa SOC Limited (Armscor) was established in terms of the Armaments Corporation of South Africa, Limited Act (Act 51 of 2003), as amended (called the Armscor Act). It is therefore a state-owned company (SOC) as contemplated in the Companies Act, 2008. Furthermore, it is listed as a schedule 2 Public Entity in terms of the Public Finance Management Act (Act 1 of 1999), as amended (the PFMA). It is further regulated by the Regulations issued in terms of the PFMA and those of the Companies Act, 2008. The Minister of Defence and Military Veterans is the executive authority responsible for Armscor. VISION Armcor’s vision is to become the premier defence technology and acquisition service provider for the South African Government and our allies on the African continent and the world. MISSION Armscor’s mission is to meet the defence matériel requirements, defence technology, research, development, analysis, test and evaluation requirements of the Department of Defence and other organs of state effectively, efficiently, economically and holistically. VALUES Armscor’s values are the building blocks of the manner in which it conducts its business. Armscor believes in the highest standards and is committed to transformation, transparency and accountability. We, members of Armscor, pledge commitment to the following values: • Leading by example • Results driven • Customer focus • Care and respect for others • Excellence • Teamwork • Integrity OUR OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Corporation are: a. to meet the defence matériel requirements of the Department effectively, efficiently and economically; and b. to meet the defence technology, research, development, analysis, test and evaluation requirements of the Department effectively, efficiently and economically.
    [Show full text]
  • Navy News Week 40-1
    NAVY NEWS WEEK 40-1 30 September 2018 Protection Vessels International: Weekly Maritime Security Report in Piracy and Security News 20/09/2018 West Africa Guinea: Armed pirates board merchant vessel at Conakry anchorage - 17 September At least four armed pirates boarded an anchored merchant vessel via the anchor chain at 0300 hrs local time at an anchorage at the Port Autonome de Conakry. The master raised the alarm, locked the accommodation and crew mustered in the citadel. The robbers opened fire at the bridge windows and gained access to accommodation before ransacking crew cabins and escaping with their personal belongings. All crew were reported as safe. PGI Analysis: Violent crime is periodically reported at Conakry port and the attack comes days after a robbery and kidnap attempt targeting a vessel at Conakry anchorage on 8 September. Criminals are often undeterred by basic security measures and vessels are advised to take additional precautions in Guinean waters. Robbers typically target a crew’s personal belongings, although cargo thefts are occasionally reported. Select Maritime News Cameroon: Navy seizes weapons, mercenaries heading to Anglophone region - 13 September The navy reportedly seized three Nigerian vessels with weapons and mercenaries on board intended to support separatists in the Anglophone regions, Jeune Afrique reported. The seizure occurred on 6-7 September. The navy seized an unspecified number of Kalashnikov-style rifles, 12-gauge shotguns and ammunition. A navy spokesperson said the mercenaries planned a “large-scale” attack on 15 September. The incident marks the first reported seizure of weapons intended for the Anglophone conflict at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Navy 25 May 2009
    [For webpage] THE SOUTH AFRICAN NAVY AND ITS PREDECESSORS, 1910-2009: A CENTURY OF INTERACTION WITH COMMONWEALTH NAVIES Paper delivered at the 2009 “King-Hall” Naval History Conference on 30 July 2009 in Canberra, Australia by PROF. ANDRÉ WESSELS, M.A., D.Phil. (Department of History, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa – [email protected])1 1. INTRODUCTION Compared with major Commonwealth navies like the Royal Navy (RN) and the navies of Australia, Canada, India and Pakistan, the South African Navy (SAN) is very small. Yet its history dates back to at least 1922; and even before that, South Africans served in the RN in World War I. Proceeding from the assumption that the SAN and its predecessors played a vital role in safeguarding the strategic Cape sea-route in the interest of the Commonwealth, as well as of the Western World, the aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the chequered history of the SAN and its predecessors, with the emphasis on interaction with Commonwealth navies. Questions that will be addressed include the following: Why did South Africa only receive its first naval force in 1922, i.e. twelve years after the establishment of the Union of South Africa? What role did South Africa’s naval forces play during World War II? To what extent was contact with Commonwealth navies limited to the RN, and why? What were the implications of the so-called “war years” (1966-1989) for the 1 The presentation of this paper at the 2009 “King-Hall” Naval History Conference was made possible by the fact that I was appointed as a Visiting Fellow in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS), University College, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy (UNSW@ADFA), Canberra, and my trip to Australia and back to South Africa, as well as my stay in Canberra, was consequently sponsored by the UNSW@ADFA.
    [Show full text]