Reinhold Seeberg Als Ethiker Des Sozialprotestantismus Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg

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Reinhold Seeberg Als Ethiker Des Sozialprotestantismus Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg Reinhold Seeberg ist als Dogmenhistoriker eine bedeutende Gestalt der Dogmengeschichte, als Sozialethiker hingegen weitgehend vergessen. Der Grund liegt in der programmatischen Stefan Dietzel Verflochtenheit seiner Ethik mit den sozialen und politischen Verhältnissen seiner Zeit. In ihr verdichten sich Reflexionen zu den großen Transformationsprozessen, die Kaiserreich, Weimarer Republik und den NS-Staat überwölbten. Die drei Auflagen der Ethik Seebergs spiegeln in ihrer Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker Veränderung und Fortschreibung jeweils die Reaktion Seebergs als Theologe und als herausragende Führungspersönlichkeit des Sozialprotestantismus. Das Spektrum reicht vom sozialen Reformwillen im Kaiserreich über staatssozialistische Vorstellungen als Alternative zur Weimarer Republik bis des Sozialprotestantismus hin zu eugenischen Visionen in der NS-Zeit. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Implikationen der Transformationen im theologischen Denken Seebergs hervorgehoben und eine differenzierende Die ‚Christliche Ethik‘ im Kontext ihrer Zeit Wertung jenseits pauschaler Verurteilung versucht. Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker des Sozialprotestantismus Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg ISBN: 978-3-86395-146-7 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker des Sozialprotestantismus This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License 3.0 “by-sa”, allowing you to download, distribute and print the document. erschienen in der Reihe der Universitätsdrucke im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2013 Stefan Dietzel Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker des Sozialprotestantismus Die ‚Christliche Ethik‘ im Kontext ihrer Zeit Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2013 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. Autorenkontakt Stefan Dietzel e-mail: [email protected] Dieses Buch ist auch als freie Onlineversion über die Homepage des Verlags sowie über den OPAC der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de) erreichbar. Es gelten die Lizenzbestimmungen der Onlineversion. Satz und Layout: Stefan Dietzel Lektorat: Roland Hiemann Umschlaggestaltung: Jutta Pabst Titelabbildung: Wikimedia commons: File: Reinhold Seeberg.jpg Wikimedia Commons: Meyerbaltikum.jpg © 2013 Universitätsverlag Göttingen http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-146-7 Dank Die vorliegende, für den Druck leicht überarbeitete Studie wurde im Januar 2012 unter dem Titel „Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker des Sozialprotestantismus. Die ‚Christliche Ethik‘ im Kontext ihrer Zeit“ bei der Georg-August-Universität Göt- tingen eingereicht und als Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Theo- logischen Fakultät angenommen. Der Tag der mündlichen Prüfung war der 11.07.2012. Mein Dank gilt allen Mitgliedern der Fakultät, insbesondere jenen, die an der Verteidigung teilgenommen haben. Die Arbeit wäre niemals möglich gewe- sen ohne den außergewöhnlichen Einsatz von Prof. Dr. Thomas Kaufmann und Prof. Dr. Reiner Anselm, die nicht nur für die Rahmenbedingungen sorgten, die die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit Reinhold Seeberg erst ermöglichten, son- dern auch das Projekt von der Planung an aufmerksam und mit viel eigenem En- gagement begleiteten. Angefangen bei den vielen Gesprächen über Seeberg, die Eugenik, die NS-Zeit, bis zur Anfertigung der Gutachten waren sie mit freund- schaftlicher Kritik, Aufmunterung und Interesse für das Thema präsent. In bester Erinnerung geblieben sind die Oberseminare zum Thema in Göttin- gen, die Ethik-Seminare in der Schweiz und auf Gut Schönwag in Oberbayern. Besonders danke ich meinen Kollegen an den Lehrstühlen für Kirchengeschichte und für Ethik in Göttingen: Ole Grossjohann, Lars Röser, Andreas Ohlemacher, Sabrina Hoppe, Arthur Manukian und Christina Ernst für die anregenden Gesprä- che. Für die kritische Lektüre des Textes vor der Fertigstellung danke ich den stu- dentischen Hilfskräften Martin Braun und Nathalia Timm, sowie Roland Hie- mann für die Endkorrektur. Prof. Dr. Esko Ryökäs hat den gesamten Fortgang der Arbeit mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit auf die diakoniehistorischen Aspekte von Finnland aus mit- verfolgt. Der Begegnung mit ihm auf dem Flur der Theologischen Fakultät und der anschließenden spontanen Teilnahme an seinem Seminar zur Diakonie ver- danke ich das Interesse für den sozialen Protestantismus in der Neueren Kirchen- geschichte. Die alte Erkenntnis, dass der Weg zum Abschluss einer wissenschaftlichen Qualifikationsschrift nicht immer einfach ist und in der Schlussphase auch quä- lend sein kann, ist nicht nur eine Plattitüde. Die Belastungen für die Familie, die mit einem in wissenschaftliche Gedanken versunkenen Mann und Vater zurecht- kommen musste, sind kaum zu unterschätzen. Daher gilt nicht zuletzt mein Dank meiner Frau Susanne für die aufgebrachte Geduld, das Verständnis und die herz- liche Freude über das Fertigwerden der Arbeit. Hann.Münden, im November 2013 Stefan Dietzel Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: 100 Jahre Seebergforschung – Ein Überblick............................7 2 Leben und Werk Reinhold Seebergs bis zur Erstauflage seiner Ethik (1911)..................................................................................................................19 2.1 Kindheit und Studium in Dorpat.....................................................................19 2.1.1 Kindheit und Schulzeit...............................................................................19 2.1.2 Seeberg als Schüler Alexander von Oettingens.......................................23 2.2 Reinhold Seebergs erste Schriften zur Ekklesiologie....................................37 2.2.1 Der Aufsatz ‚Reich Gottes und Kirche‘...................................................38 2.2.2 Seebergs Rezension zur dritten Auflage der Moralstatistik...................40 2.2.3 Der Kirchenbegriff in der Dissertation....................................................41 2.3 Professor in Erlangen.........................................................................................44 2.3.1 Die Berufungsverhandlungen....................................................................44 2.3.2 Seeberg als Nachfolger Franz Hermann Reinhold Franks...................47 2.3.3 Erstes Engagement im Sozialprotestantismus........................................51 2.4 Der Aufsatz ‚Die Kirche und die soziale Frage‘............................................59 2.4.1 Kritik des kirchlichen Konservatismus....................................................59 2.4.2 Seebergs christlich-soziales Programm....................................................62 2.4.3 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit als christlich-soziales Programm..........................63 2.4.4 Das Pfarramt als Träger sozialer Reform ...............................................65 2.4.5 Der Pfarrer als Parteimitglied....................................................................67 2.5 Seeberg in Berlin.................................................................................................68 2.5.1 Die Berufung nach Berlin...........................................................................68 2.5.2 Die Berliner Schriften bis zum Erscheinen der ersten Auflage der Ethik...........................................................................................................74 3 Zur Entstehung der Ethik Reinhold Seebergs.............................................93 3.1 Der theologiegeschichtliche Ort.......................................................................93 3.1.1 Neulutherische Ordnungstheologie..........................................................93 3.1.2 Schöpfungsordnungen als orthodox-lutherisches Erbe......................103 3.2 Die Textgeschichte...........................................................................................107 3.3 Der Hinneberg-Beitrag als Abbreviatur einer modern-positiven Ethik. .120 4 Reinhold Seeberg als Ethiker des Sozialprotestantismus 4 Die erste Auflage der Ethik: Versuch einer modern-positiven Ethik....135 4.1 Kulturethik im Spannungsfeld von Individual- und Sozialethik...............135 4.2 Ethik als deskriptiv-zeitdiagnostische Wissenschaft...................................139 4.3 Das Christliche in der Ethik............................................................................140 4.4 Voluntarismus als anthropologische Konsequenz theozentrischen Denkens................................................................................................142 4.4.1 Der Intuitionismus als systematisierter Voluntarismus.......................142 4.4.2 Das Freiheitsproblem des Intuitionismus..............................................145 4.5 Die Fundamentaltheologie der Ethik............................................................147 4.5.1 Gott als Wille..............................................................................................147 4.5.2 Wiedergeburt und Bekehrung..................................................................148 4.5.3 Wort-Gottes-Theologie............................................................................150 4.5.4 Habitualität: Christliche Lebensführung als Kampf............................152 4.6 Die Kirche..........................................................................................................154 4.6.1 Kirche als eschatologische und historische
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