CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 1 Tobacco farms began spreading along the James River. This established the pattern for the entire Chesapeake Bay—the region’s many rivers allowed planters to ship their crops directly to England. To attract settlers, the Virginia Company offered a headright, a 50-acre CONNECT to the Essential Question land grant for anyone who could pay his or her way to the colony. Those who could not afford passage to America often became indentured servants. These men and women agreed to work without pay for a landlord if the How did the experience of the early landlord paid for their passage to America. After they had served for the time colonists shape America’s political and specified in the contract—usually about 4 to 6 years—the landlord restored social ideals? their freedom. In 1619 the first Africans arrived in Jamestown. It is not known whether Ask students what they have learned so far they arrived as indentured servants or as enslaved workers. In the colony’s that can help them answer this question. first decades, planters relied more on European indentured servants. Slavery Students might mention: did not become widespread until the late 1600s. • The Virginia Company allowed colonists The House of Burgesses Is Formed Settlers soon became frustrated at the to own land. lack of self government. So the Virginia Company decided that burgesses, • The Virginia Company allowed the House or elected representatives, would meet once a year. The House of Burgesses , of Burgesses to be established in 1619. created in 1619, was the first representative assembly in the colonies. The House of Burgesses had the authority to pass local laws and to raise • When King James I dissolved the House taxes. Throughout the colonial period, the power of a local government to of Burgesses, the colonists protested. It raise taxes remained a closely guarded right. was reestablished in 1629.

CONNECT Citizenship and History

CONNECT Citizenship and History VOTING RIGHTS The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses did not establish democracy in the modern Voting Rights sense—only male landowners had the right to vote. But it was a step in a long process that gradually extended voting rights to larger and larger sections of the population. Review landmarks in U.S. voting rights history, such as: 1870—15th Amendment Today, all citizens aged 18 and over have the right to vote. But in order to vote, citizens must first gives African Americans the right to vote; register. This can be done by mail, in person, or in th 1920—19 Amendment gives women some states, at the Department of Motor Vehicles. the right to vote; 1971—26th Amendment Information about voter registration can also be lowers the voting age from 21 to 18. found on the “Rock the Vote” website. Rock the Vote aims to boost voter turnout. Kids who are Ask students to discuss voting rights today too young to vote can still participate in America’s and controversies regarding them. (voting democracy by educating others. fraud, problems with machine ballots) Contribute to Voter Education! 1 Let your parents and older relatives know how they can register to vote. 2 As local elections are due, work with your classmates to make signs informing people how to register to vote. Display these signs in public places. Teacher-Tested Activities 3 With a parent or older relative, speak to people in your neighborhood about the importance of registering to vote James Grimes, Middlesex County See Citizenship Handbook, page 303. 4 Go to the “Rock the Vote” website and send the link via email to people you know. Vocational-Technical High School, Woodbridge, New Jersey 64 Chapter 3 I wrote the following words and names from Section 1 on the board: John Smith, joint- DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES stock company, charter, Sir Walter Raleigh, royal colony, indentured servant, investor, tobacco, “starving time,” Lord De La Warr, OBJECTIVE Describe impacts of the Powhatan attack on Jamestown in 1622. Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas, John Rolfe. Then I had each student write a short account of Basic On Level Challenge the founding of Jamestown using as many Have students write a Have students write a Have students write a of these names and terms as possible. As a paragraph giving the reasons paragraph describing paragraph examining the review, I assigned students to small groups to the Powhatan attacked the Powhatan attack on short-term and long-term check the accuracy of their accounts and the Jamestown in 1622 and Jamestown in 1622 and impact the Powhatan attack correct usage of terms and names. listing the facts of the attack, evaluating what might have had on the development of such as the date, site, and been done by the colonists, the English colonies. English casualties. the Powhatan, or both parties to avoid the attack.

64 • Chapter 3 Representative Government The colony’s gov- CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 1 ernment and its very existence were threatened by a Native American uprising in 1622. The local Native American tribe, the Powhatan, were alarmed by the expanding tobacco plantations and the growing Connect to the World English population. On March 22, the Powhatan launched an attack on settlements all along the Representative Government James River. A quarter of the English population was killed. Point out that the traditions of the Spanish Jamestown survived, but the Virginia Company did not. After the upris- A member of the crown and nobility and the Roman Catholic Powhatan watches an ing, King James I took back the company’s charter and turned Virginia into English ship; from the Church did not favor the development a royal colony. A royal colony is ruled by the king’s appointed officials. film The New World. of representative government in the James I, who opposed the idea of elected governments, also got rid of the Spanish colonies. Representatives of the assembly. This act outraged the colonists. They protested fiercely, sending Spanish king, called viceroys, governed the requests and petitions for the assembly to be restored. After King James’s colonies, with various levels of rulers and death, his son, Charles I granted the colonists’ wishes, and by 1629 the administrators under them. House of Burgesses was meeting once again. In 1639, the King commanded Connect to the World that the governor call an assembly every year. Representative Thus, the Virginia colonists won for themselves the right to participate in Government 4 government. As more English colonies were planted on America’s eastern In the colonies of other Assess & Reteach seaboard, the political traditions of liberty and representative government European nations, elected Assess Have students complete the Section took root in America’s fertile ground. assemblies were not allowed. Assessment. SUMMARIZE Identify the democratic tradition planted at Jamestown. Answer: the tradition of representative government Unit 2 Resource Book • Section Quiz, p. 51 Interactive Review ONLINE QUIZ @ ClassZone.com Section Assessment For test practice, go to 1 Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com Power Presentations TERMS & NAMES KEY IDEAS Test Generator 1. Explain the importance of 3. Why did the English want to colonize America? • Sir Walter Raleigh • John Smith 4. What events saved Jamestown from destruction? Reteach Assign each page of the section to • mercantilism • House of Burgesses 5. What powers belonged to the House of Burgesses? pairs of students. • Jamestown CRITICAL THINKING • Have pairs read the page together and write USING YOUR READING NOTES 6. Connect Economics & History How did the down three important ideas or facts discussed 2. Compare and Contrast Complete the diagram success of tobacco growing change Virginia? on that page. that you started at the beginning of this section. 7. Problems and Solutions Why were the settlers unprepared for colonizing Virginia? • Call on pairs to present the ideas or facts COLONIZATION 8. Connect to Today What modern democratic they chose. Benefi ts Risks traditions can be traced back to the Jamestown • Guide the class in a discussion of information colony? wealth created for having to do with the ideas or facts, such as mother country Art 9. You want indentured servants to work on related people, places, events, documents, and your plantation. Design an advertisement that will attract people to the colony of Virginia. so on.

Unit 2 Resource Book • Reteaching Activity, p. 55 The English Establish 13 Colonies 65

SECTION 1 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS

Terms & Names Critical Thinking 1. Sir Walter Raleigh, p. 61; mercantilism, p. 62; 6. Colonists demanded a share of the tobacco Art Rubric Jamestown, p. 63; John Smith, p. 63; House of profits, so the company let settlers own land. Burgesses, p. 64 As land owners, settlers worked harder. Historical Content Using Your Reading Notes Successful tobacco farms attracted more Accuracy settlers. 2. Benefits—provided job opportunities for 4 attractive design; creative, no errors colonists; Risks—Investors lose money if 7. Settlers spent so much time looking for gold persuasive, neat colony fails; colonists suffer if not properly that they neglected to plant crops and faced 3 attractive design; persuasive, few/minor prepared. starvation. 8. representative government, voting rights neat errors Key Ideas 9. Advertisements should convey that a land of 2 fair design; somewhat several 3. People hoped to find work and wealth, while plenty awaits those willing to work for it. Use persuasive, messy errors the government wanted to enrich the treasury. the rubric to score students’ advertisements. 4. relief supply ships, marriage of Pocahontas to 1 poor design; ineffective, sloppy many errors John Rolfe, discovery of tobacco 5. It could pass local laws and raise taxes. Teacher’s Edition • 65