DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes on Caralluma Adscendens (Roxb.) Has Been Usually Accepted to Haw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notes on Caralluma Adscendens (Roxb.) Has Been Usually Accepted to Haw Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2014 | 6(9): 6282–6286 Note Caralluma R.Br. (sensulato) Notes on Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) has been usually accepted to Haw. var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. & include about 120 taxa, with a wide Mayur. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) ISSN African, Asian and southeastern Online 0974–7907 European distribution (Mabberley K.M. Prabhu Kumar 1, U.C. Murshida 2, Binu Thomas 3, Print 0974–7893 1993). It belongs to the subtribe Satheesh George 4, Indira Balachandran 5 & OPEN ACCESS Stapeliinae (tribe Ceropegiae, S. Karuppusamy 6 subfamily Asclepiadoideae and 1,2,5 family Apocynaceae), which has its centre of origin in Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala 676503, India East Africa (Meve & Liede 2004). The genus comprises 3 PG Department of Botany, Deva Matha College, Kuravilangad, xerophytic succulent herbs, represented by 13 species Kottayam, Kerala 686633, India 4 and eight varieties in India. Of these, eight species Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala 673008, India and seven varieties are endemic to peninsular India 6 Department of Botany, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai, (Karuppusamy et al. 2013). The genus Caralluma Tamilnadu 625011, India 1 2 is closely allied to Boucerosia but differs by having [email protected] (corresponding author), umurshi@ gmail.com, 3 [email protected], 4 george.satheesh@gmail. flowers arising in the axils of rudimentary leaves all com, 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected] along the distal portion of the stem. The type species of the genus Caralluma is C. adscendens (Roxb.) Haw., a species originally described from peninsular India plant material has demonstrated intraspecific variability, (Meve & Liede 2002). Among them, 13 species and five where almost every population shows its own features varieties are presented in India (Jagtap & Singh 1999). (as the many illustrations published by Gravely & Recently, a few new taxa have been described from Mayuranathan (1931) show). Especially with regard to India including Caralluma moorei Aditya (Aditya 2011a), frequently occurring differences in corolla structure, size, C. bicolor Ramach. et al. (Ramachandran et al. 2011), C. ciliation, striation, color variation, corona structure and sarkariae var. longipedicellata Aditya (Aditya 2011b), C. position of insertion of pollinarium have already been stalagmifera var. intermedia Karuppusamy & Pullaiah established for taxonomic and systematic significance in and C. stalagmifera var. longipetala Karuppusamy & stapeliad species. However, several distinct tendencies Pullaiah (Karuppusamy & Pullaiah 2007). that support intraspecific differentiation have to be Caralluma adscendens is a first described Indian considered for delimitation of taxonomic ranks. Inner stapeliad that has found greater variations among the coloration of the corolla surface is predominantly purple, taxa which has attracted several taxonomists to work out but creamy yellow coloration is found in C. adscendens the complexities of this group (Karuppusamy et al. 2013). var. gracilis. Dense purple-red transverse stripes or Variability in the floral morphology of C. adscendens is streaks are found in all the six varieties ofC. adscendens higher than what is typically found in other widespread but each variety has different patterns and amount allied species and has, therefore, hampered a sound of striation (Karuppusamy & Pullaiah 2013). Many taxonomic treatment. The increasing availability of authors have already presented the variations among DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3523.6282-6 Editor: Ravi Prasad Rao, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India. Date of publication: 26 August 2014 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o3523 | Received 09 February 2013 | Final received 15 July 2014 | Finally accepted 07 August 2014 Citation: Kumar, K.M.P., U.C. Murshida, B. Thomas, S. George, I. Balachandran & S. Karuppusamy (2014). Notes on Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. var. at- tenuata (Wight) Grav. & Mayur. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(9): 6282–6286; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3523.6282-6 Copyright: © Kumar et al. 2014. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: None. Competing Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the authorities of Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal. 6282 Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata Kumar et al. the succulent stapeliads of Caralluma groups in India Medicinal uses: Anti-hyperglycaemic herb used for (Plowes 1995; Aditya 2009; Plowes 2011; Karuppusamy the treatment of migraine, urinary trouble, chest pain et al. 2012). The present communication is aimed at and general weakness of the body. The stem is also revealing the floral variations among the Caralluma used for preparing chutney (Reddy et al. 2010). C. adscendens var. attenuata in Tamil Nadu State. attenuata extract prevents increase in blood glucose Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) R. Brown var. levels significantly after glucose administration (Kumar attenuata (Wight) Gravely & Mayuranathan in Bull. et al. 2011). The Paliyar tribe used C. adscendens as Madr. Govt. Mus. n.s. N.H. 4(1): 13. 1931; S.R. Srinivasan as a remedy for diabetes, lung diseases, indigestion, in A.N. Henry et al. Fl. Tamil Nadu Anal. 2: 81. 1987; kidney stone, epilepsy, skin diseases and so on. A Gilbert in Bradleya 8: 11. 1990; Plowes in Haseltonia paste prepared from 20g of the whole plant along with 3: 52. 1995; Jagtap & Singh in Fasc. Fl. India 24: 194. ghee and an equal quantity of black gram, coriander, 1999; Meve & Leide in Plant Syst. Evol. 234: 200. 2002. pepper and cumin seeds if taken orally once a week C. attenuata Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4(1): 15. t. 1268. cures vomiting, indigestion and reduces body heat 1848. Type: tab. 1268 of protologue based on material (Maruthupandian & Mohan 2010). The methanol from India; Hooker f. Fl. Brit. India 4: 76.1883; Gamble extract of C. adscendens var. attenuatashows significant Fl. Pres. Madras 2: 861.1923. anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti- Common names: Kallimulaiyan, Mankulli, Iluvaan, microbial activities, which could be used as a potential Pulichampirandai (Tamil). source of pharmaceutical materials (Madhuri et al. Succulent herb: vegetative stem fleshy, 60–65 cm 2010). high and 6.8cm width, highly branched with tapering end Variation study: The detailed morphometric and at the tip. Branches are quadrangular, angle rounded, reproductive characters were observed from the field dark green in the base and paler purplish colored at and tabulated (Table 2). The morphological variations the tip, fertile apical portion very slender. Leaves among C. adscendens var. attenuata showed four caducous, reduced to conical teeth which are arranged different morphological classes which are sporadically in four ribs, 2cm at base and 2–2.5 cm apart from each distributed in different parts of Tamil Nadu (Table 1). other. Inflorescence is cyme. Flowers single or 2–3, Habitat is strongly attributed to its growth forms due axils on minute leaf axils, sides of stem; bracts minute, to the availability of nutrients and light that greatly lanceolate, 1 or 2, pedicillate 0.3mm in length and influence the growth habit of succulents. Caralluma 0.2mm in width and it is glabrous, pendulous, bisexual and complete. Calyx is divided to base 0.25x0.1 mm, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate at apex, fleshy, glabrous Table 1. Localities and morphological variants of Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. & Mayur. in and brownish-green in colour. Corolla bud 1.0–1.4 cm Tamil Nadu. long, tubular, constriction in above the middle with Voucher Morpholo- Locality GPS location valvate aestivation. Corolla 0.9x0.3 mm in diameter, number(s) gical group glabrous at the base and pubescent at the tip, purple Madhukkarai, 10090.283’N CMPR 7145, 1 II in color, in the inner side of the lower portion a yellow Coimbatore District & 76097.102’E 7252, 7261 brown ornamentation is present. Corona biseriate, ca. Palnihiils, Dindigul 10024.425’N SK 2316, 2 0 IV 1mm in long, broad at the base; inner corona 0.2mm in District & 77 50.320’E 2326 Marudhamalai, 11005.420’N 3 SK 1752 II long, incumbent on anthers, basally united with outer Coimbatore District & 76025.534’E corona. Anther 0.5mm long, yellowish, basally united Kolli Hills, Namakkal 11002.376’N SK 2135, 4 III with inner surface of the middle corona, swollen. Pollen District & 78021.837’E 2144 Sirumalai, Dindigul 10024.226’N SK 1643, yellow, round, waxy attached by the reddish brown 5 I District & 780 12.930’E 1651, 1655 caudicle. Gynostegium 1mm long; stigma cap is star Thirumayam, 100 21.472’N SK 2254, 6 III pentagonal. Follicle cylindrical with tapering ends and Pudukottai District & 78075.052’E 2263, 2272 green color with black stripes present, 8.4cm in long and Tiruppatthur, 10011.066’N SK 2178, 7 II 2.3cm in width (Image 1). Sivaganga District & 780 49.210’E 2183 Oddanchatram, 10048.127’N SK 1592, Habitat: Dry deciduous forests and scrub jungles. 8 I Dindigul District & 77.75.039’E 1598 The materials for the present study were collected from Barigam, 11093.301’N & 9 SK 1720 IV various areas of Tamil Nadu state (Table 1). Dharmapuri District 77.98.528’E Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year. Kolli Hills, Namakkal 11024.852’N & SK 1542, 10 0 II Distribution: Peninsular India and Sri Lanka. District 78 33.870’E 1564 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2014 | 6(9): 6282–6286 6283 Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata Kumar et al. a b c d f h e g i j Image 1. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. & Mayur. A - habit; B - close up of flower; C - corona-surface view; D - corona-side view; E - calyx; F - calyx lobe; G - corolla lobe; H - outer corona; I - pollinium; J - follicle (© K.M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Stapeliads, Morphology and Pollination, Welwitchia 5
    Morfologija in opra{evanje stapelijevk Stapeliads, morphology and pollination Iztok Mulej Matija Strli~ Stapelijevke so so~nice s ~udovitimi cvetovi in Stapeliads are succulents with beautiful flowers vonjem, ki ga taki cvetovi ne zaslu`ijo. Raz{irjene with a smell that does not match their beauty at so ve~inoma v Afriki, dotikajo se Evrope, v Aziji all. Distributed mainly in Africa, a few species can pa imajo tudi precej predstavnikov. Cvetovi so also be found in Europe, and quite a few in Asia. nekaj posebnega, ne samo po bizarni lepoti am- Their flowers are unique, not only due to the pak tudi po zgradbi. Prav tako je tudi opra{itev bizarre beauty, but also due to the unusual repro- samosvoja, saj podobne ne najdemo nikjer drug- ductive structures. Even the pollination mecha- je v rastlinskem svetu. nism has no parallel in the plant kingdom. Klju~ne besede: Keywords: stapelijevke, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Stapeliads, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, mor- morfologija, opra{evanje. fology, pollination. Stapeliads, which are stem succulents, belong World" is the title of the web pages of Jerry to the family Apocynaceae and subfamily As- Barad from New Jersey, USA. The title says clepiadoideae. Until recently, they were everything. The flowers have a beauty and placed into the Asclepiadaceae family. The colour that can only be compared with or- stem shapes are very similar in most genera, chids. And they also share another character- but when they bloom, the beauty of the flow- istic. The pollen mass is fused in a wax pollen ers is striking as well as their unpleasant sack - pollinium, which is transferred by pol- smell! "Stapeliads, Orchids of the Succulent linators to the style.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Selected Apocynaceae Species Based on Chloroplast Gene Rps11
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(17), pp. 4382-4387, 9 September, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Genetic diversity of selected Apocynaceae species based on chloroplast gene rps11 Tariq Mahmood1*, Faiza Meer1, Faiza Munir2, Nazia Nazar1 and Ishrat Naveed2 1Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-46320, Pakistan. 2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-46320, Pakistan. Accepted 22 July, 2011 Apocynaceae is an important family due to its credible therapeutic importance and it is widely distributed in tropics and subtropics. Some species of Apocynaceae have been randomly chosen from different regions of Pakistan for the present study. The main objective was to analyze genetic diversity among seven species using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) technique on a plastid gene encoding ribosomal protein of smaller subunit 11 (rps11). For this purpose, DNA was extracted from young leaves and with the help of a pair of primer, rps11 gene was amplified and seven restriction enzymes namely: TscAI, ScrfI, DpnI, BsiKHAI, MseI, HinfI, BseGI were used to digest the amplified rps11 gene. The results produced were in the form of bands on gels revealing the length of fragments produced after cutting with restriction enzymes. The digested fragments were found to produce monomorphic bands whereas some polymorphic bands were also observed. On the basis of restricted fragments, phylogenetic tree was prepared depicting different number of clusters with varied level of similarity coefficients. It was observed that the species have shown mixed pattern and closely related species appeared at higher genetic distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Title of Manuscript
    Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/3 New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 2) Braun U1* and Urtiaga R2 1Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany 2Apartado 546, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela. Braun U, Urtiaga R 2013 – New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 2). Mycosphere 4(2), 174–214, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/3 Examination of specimens of cercosporoid leaf-spotting hyphomycetes made between 1966 and 1970 in Cuba and Venezuela, now housed at K (previously deposited at IMI as “Cercospora sp.”), have been continued. Additionally examined Venezuelan collections, made between 2006 and 2010, are now deposited at HAL. Several species are new to Cuba and Venezuela, some new host plants are included, and the following new species and a new variety are introduced: Cercosporella ambrosiae-artemisiifoliae, Passalora crotonis-gossypiifolii, P. solaniphila, P. stigmaphyllicola, Pseudocercospora calycophylli, P. coremioides, P. lonchocarpicola, P. lonchocarpigena, P. paulliniae, P. picramniae, P. psidii var. varians, P. solanacea, P. teramnicola, P. trichiliae-hirtae, P. zuelaniae, Pseudocercosporella leonotidis, Zasmidium cubense, Z. genipae-americanae. The new name Pseudocercospora toonae-ciliatae and the new combination Zasmidium hyptiantherae are proposed. Key words – Ascomycota – Cercospora – Cercosporella – Mycosphaerellaceae – Passalora – Pseudocercospora – South America – West Indies – Zasmidium Article Information Received 6 November 2012 Accepted 8 February 2013 Published online 16 March 2013 *Corresponding author: U. Braun – e-mail – [email protected] Introduction specimens have recently been sent on loan to Cercosporoid fungi are anamorphic the first author to be determined and for further ascomycetes [Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
    Annals of Botany 93: 629±652, 2004 doi:10.1093/aob/mch087, available online at www.aob.oupjournals.org INVITED REVIEW Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) ULRICH LUÈ TTGE* Institute of Botany, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3±5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany Received: 3 October 2003 Returned for revision: 17 December 2003 Accepted: 20 January 2004 d Background and Scope Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) as an ecophysiological modi®cation of photo- synthetic carbon acquisition has been reviewed extensively before. Cell biology, enzymology and the ¯ow of carbon along various pathways and through various cellular compartments have been well documented and dis- cussed. The present attempt at reviewing CAM once again tries to use a different approach, considering a wide range of inputs, receivers and outputs. d Input Input is given by a network of environmental parameters. Six major ones, CO2,H2O, light, temperature, nutrients and salinity, are considered in detail, which allows discussion of the effects of these factors, and combinations thereof, at the individual plant level (`physiological aut-ecology'). d Receivers Receivers of the environmental cues are the plant types genotypes and phenotypes, the latter includ- ing morphotypes and physiotypes. CAM genotypes largely remain `black boxes', and research endeavours of genomics, producing mutants and following molecular phylogeny, are just beginning. There is no special development of CAM morphotypes except for a strong tendency for leaf or stem succulence with large cells with big vacuoles and often, but not always, special water storage tissues. Various CAM physiotypes with differing degrees of CAM expression are well characterized. d Output Output is the shaping of habitats, ecosystems and communities by CAM.
    [Show full text]
  • Caralluma Pharmacological Attributes
    Short Communication iMedPub Journals Journal of Food, Nutrition and Population Health 2018 www.imedpub.com ISSN 2577-0586 Vol.2 No.2:13 DOI: 10.21767/2577-0586.100043 Caralluma Pharmacological Attributes Nageena Qayyum*, Humera Rani, Khush Bakhat Mir and Abdul Qadir Khan Abstract Caralluma genus having different nutritional, pharmaceutical value and important Department of Food Science and phytochemical ingredients which have various healing activity, most important Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Caralluma spp. claimed to have antidiabetic properties. Traditionally it is used in University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan raw form for treatment of diabetes because of its hypoglycemic activity, having key active compound that having fruit full effects against diabetes. Keywords: Caralluma; Antidiabetic properties; Hypoglycemic activity; Phytochemical *Corresponding author: Nageena Qayyum study [email protected] Received: November 14, 2018; Accepted: November 21, 2018; Published: November 28, 2018 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Introduction Tel: +923479067651 The Caralluma spp. grown in Asia and Mediterranean region [1]. More than 200 species of the genus Caralluma grow throughout Africa and Asia [2]. The genus Caralluma belongs to Citation: Qayyum N, Rani H, Mir KB, Khan the Asclepiadaceae family, which is also known as the milkweed AQ (2018) Caralluma Pharmacological family because many of its members contain milky latex [3,4]. Attributes. J Food Nutr Popul Health Vol.2 Important phytochemical ingredients of Caralluma include No.2:13 pregnane aglycones, flavone glycosides, bitter principles, pregnane glycosides, saponins, triterpines and various flavonoids that were explore for various healing purposes against different infectious agents and metabolic disorders (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae–Ceropegieae) from the Yemen
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 249–251 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb A new species of Caralluma (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae–Ceropegieae) from the Yemen P.V. Bruyns Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa Received 29 March 2009; received in revised form 30 October 2009; accepted 3 November 2009 Abstract In this paper a new species, Caralluma faucicola Bruyns, closely related to C. hexagona Lavranos, is described from near the border between the former North and South Yemen in Arabia. © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Apocynaceae; Arabia; Caralluma; Ceropegieae 1. Introduction were monotypic. It was claimed that most of these were ‘easily identifiable natural groups’ but no evidence was put forward to The family Apocynaceae was recently expanded to include support this. The fact that names that are obvious synonyms of both the families Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae (Endress Caralluma edulis were placed in separate genera makes this and Bruyns, 2000; APG, 2006). In this new concept, most of the arrangement of dubious value and it has not been adopted in any former Asclepiadaceae was placed in the subfamily Asclepia- recently published, regional accounts (Gilbert, 2003; Lavranos, doideae. The Asclepiadoideae is made up of four tribes, among 2006). Meve and Liede (2002) also considered Caralluma, which is the Ceropegieae. There are roughly 700 species in the within the setting of a general molecular survey of the Ceropegieae and this number is made up of about 330 species of stapeliads. In their analyses they included 19 species of Car- stapeliads, about 160 species of Ceropegia L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Study of Echidnopsis Hook. F. (Apocynaceae- Asclepiadoideae) - Taxonomic Implications and the Colonization of the Socotran Archipelago
    Pl. Syst. Evol. 265: 71–86 (2007) Plant Systematics DOI 10.1007/s00606-007-0516-3 and Evolution Printed in The Netherlands A phylogenetic study of Echidnopsis Hook. f. (Apocynaceae- Asclepiadoideae) - taxonomic implications and the colonization of the Socotran archipelago M. Thiv1 and U. Meve2 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland 2Lehrstuhl fu¨r Pflanzensystematik, Universita¨t Bayreuth, Germany Received May 9, 2006; accepted January 5, 2007 Published online: April 11, 2007 Ó Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract. We investigated the phylogeny, taxonomy clear latex, a lack of apical anther appendages and biogeography of the Eritreo-Arabian genus and erect pollinia with pellucid margins (cf. Echidnopsis Hook. f. (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoi- Meve and Liede 2004). Within this tribe, the deae). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on nrITS genus Echidnopsis is part of subtribe Stapelii- sequence data were obtained using maximum nae G. Don, to which Brachystelma Sims and likelihood and parsimony analyses. The results Ceropegia L. also belong. The stapeliads, or reveal two weakly supported clades, each with a ‘‘carrion flowers’’, are the most speciose group mix of African and Arabian taxa, including the genus Rhytidocaulon, and with four Socotran in the tribe, accounting for ca. 400 species in 38 species forming a subclade of their own. Rather genera of predominantly African, Arabian and than a vicariance origin of these island elements, Indian distribution (Albers and Meve 2002). In our data suggest a single dispersal event from a stapeliad phylogeny based on nuclear and eastern Africa. Echidnopsis thus parallels biogeo- plastid DNA data, Echidnopsis has been shown graphic patterns found for other Socotran endemic to be closely related to Rhytidocaulon P.R.O.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Floral Morphology and Development in Houstonia Procumbens (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSTONIA PROCUMBENS (RUBIACEAE), A UNIQUELY DISTYLOUS, CLEISTOGAMOUS SPECIES By ERIC JONES A dissertation submitted to the Department of Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Eric Jones defended this dissertation on June 11, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Austin Mast Professor Directing Dissertation Matthew Day University Representative Hank W. Bass Committee Member Wu-Min Deng Committee Member Alice A. Winn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I hereby dedicate this work and the effort it represents to my parents Leroy E. Jones and Helen M. Jones for their love and support throughout my entire life. I have had the pleasure of working with my father as a collaborator on this project and his support and help have been invaluable in that regard. Unfortunately my mother did not live to see me accomplish this goal and I can only hope that somehow she knows how grateful I am for all she’s done. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee for their guidance and support, in particular Austin Mast for his patience and dedication to my success in this endeavor, Hank W.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Rdna ITS Sequence Data Used to Construct the First Phylogeny
    Plant Syst. Evol. 230: 173±187 12002) Nuclear rDNA ITS sequence data used to construct the ®rst phylogeny of Vanguerieae Rubiaceae) H.Lantz 1, K.Andreasen 2,3, and B.Bremer 1 1Department of Systematic Botany, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 2Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA 3Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Received March 14, 2001 Accepted August 1, 2001 Abstract. The morphologically homogenous tribe ceae, a family of mostly woody species distrib- Vanguerieae was investigated phylogenetically us- uted over large parts of the world, but centred ing sequence data from the Internal Transcribed in the tropics. Rubiaceae are perhaps best Spacer 1ITS) region in the nuclear ribosomal DNA. known for coee 1Coea sp.), but also include Sequences from 41 Vanguerieae species represent- many ornamentals and are an important ing 19 genera were produced, and a parsimony constituent of many tropical habitats. The analysis was performed. The phylogenetic analysis main characteristics of the family are opposite has several clades with strong support, among which three new informal groups are discussed, i.e. leaves, interpetiolar stipules, sympetalous co- the Vangueria group, the Fadogia-Rytigynia group rollas and inferior ovaries. While many phy- and the Spiny group. Also found monophyletic logenies for the family have been produced in with strong support are Multidentia, Keetia, Lagy- the last ten years, all from the subfamilial level nias, and Pyrostria. Canthium and Rytigynia are down to genera, no phylogeny has so far been revealed as polyphyletic; Vangueria, Tapiphyllum, produced for Vanguerieae.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: the Case of SARS-Cov
    molecules Review A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov Rambod Abiri 1 , Hazandy Abdul-Hamid 1,2,* , Oksana Sytar 3,4 , Ramin Abiri 5,6, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida, Jr. 7, Surender K. Sharma 8 , Victor P. Bulgakov 9,* , Randolph R. J. Arroo 10 and Sonia Malik 11,12,* 1 Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] or [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia 3 Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 60, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] 4 Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia 5 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran; [email protected] 6 Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran 7 Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Laboratory of Botanical Studies, Department of Biology, Citation: Abiri, R.; Abdul-Hamid, H.; Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; [email protected] 8 Sytar, O.; Abiri, R.; Bezerra de Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India; [email protected] 9 Almeida, E., Jr.; Sharma, S.K.; Department of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity (Institute of Bulgakov, V.P.; Arroo, R.R.J.; Malik, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Canthium Coromandelicum (Burm.F.) Alston Leaves
    International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.12 No.1, pp 01-06, 2019 Study on Phytochemical and Thin layer chromatography of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaves W.D.M.H. Prabodhani1 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Abstract : In ethno medicine, Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaves are recommended to treat different ailments including wound, cholesterol, diabetes. Canthium sp. laid under Rubiaceae family, this study aim was to screen the bioactive compounds which present in methanolic extract obtained fromCanthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaves. According to the present preliminary analysis results, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, quinones, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenol compounds, leucoanthocyanidines gum and mucilage, protein and carbohydrate were detected and chromatographic results showed 10 spots, 13 spots, 1 and 2 spots in thin layer chromatograms of acetone, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively. Overall, it is postulated that Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston has medicinal and nutritional potentials. Keywords : Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston, Flavonoids, Steroids, Saponins. Introduction Canthium sp. is widely recommended indigenous medicinal practitioners for the treatment of different ailments. Recently, the plants which could be used to formulate drugs are gaining interest field for the researcher. Therefore, many researches had been conducted to identified the true medicinal potentials of this Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston plant. Vernacular name of this plant (Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston) is Kara in Sinhala. This Canthium genus comprises 230 spices which grow as shrubs or small trees found in Southeast Asia including Sri Lanka and India1and native to India, Sri Lanka and East Africa2.
    [Show full text]