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Stapeliads, Morphology and Pollination, Welwitchia 5
Morfologija in opra{evanje stapelijevk Stapeliads, morphology and pollination Iztok Mulej Matija Strli~ Stapelijevke so so~nice s ~udovitimi cvetovi in Stapeliads are succulents with beautiful flowers vonjem, ki ga taki cvetovi ne zaslu`ijo. Raz{irjene with a smell that does not match their beauty at so ve~inoma v Afriki, dotikajo se Evrope, v Aziji all. Distributed mainly in Africa, a few species can pa imajo tudi precej predstavnikov. Cvetovi so also be found in Europe, and quite a few in Asia. nekaj posebnega, ne samo po bizarni lepoti am- Their flowers are unique, not only due to the pak tudi po zgradbi. Prav tako je tudi opra{itev bizarre beauty, but also due to the unusual repro- samosvoja, saj podobne ne najdemo nikjer drug- ductive structures. Even the pollination mecha- je v rastlinskem svetu. nism has no parallel in the plant kingdom. Klju~ne besede: Keywords: stapelijevke, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Stapeliads, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, mor- morfologija, opra{evanje. fology, pollination. Stapeliads, which are stem succulents, belong World" is the title of the web pages of Jerry to the family Apocynaceae and subfamily As- Barad from New Jersey, USA. The title says clepiadoideae. Until recently, they were everything. The flowers have a beauty and placed into the Asclepiadaceae family. The colour that can only be compared with or- stem shapes are very similar in most genera, chids. And they also share another character- but when they bloom, the beauty of the flow- istic. The pollen mass is fused in a wax pollen ers is striking as well as their unpleasant sack - pollinium, which is transferred by pol- smell! "Stapeliads, Orchids of the Succulent linators to the style. -
Apocynaceae of Namibia
S T R E L I T Z I A 34 The Apocynaceae of Namibia P.V. Bruyns Bolus Herbarium Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 Pretoria 2014 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens, which the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) inherited from its predecessor organisa- tions. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arbores- cent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of SANBI is partly based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It symbolises the commitment of SANBI to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s excep- tionally rich biodiversity for all people. EDITOR: Alicia Grobler PROOFREADER: Yolande Steenkamp COVER DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché FRONT COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Peter Bruyns BACK COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: Colleen Mannheimer (top) Peter Bruyns (bottom) Citing this publication BRUYNS, P.V. 2014. The Apocynaceae of Namibia. Strelitzia 34. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-98-3 Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Tel.: +27 12 843 5000 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sanbi.org Printed by: Seriti Printing, Tel.: +27 12 333 9757, Website: www.seritiprinting.co.za Address: Unit 6, 49 Eland Street, Koedoespoort, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. -
Genetic Diversity of Selected Apocynaceae Species Based on Chloroplast Gene Rps11
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(17), pp. 4382-4387, 9 September, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Genetic diversity of selected Apocynaceae species based on chloroplast gene rps11 Tariq Mahmood1*, Faiza Meer1, Faiza Munir2, Nazia Nazar1 and Ishrat Naveed2 1Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-46320, Pakistan. 2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-46320, Pakistan. Accepted 22 July, 2011 Apocynaceae is an important family due to its credible therapeutic importance and it is widely distributed in tropics and subtropics. Some species of Apocynaceae have been randomly chosen from different regions of Pakistan for the present study. The main objective was to analyze genetic diversity among seven species using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) technique on a plastid gene encoding ribosomal protein of smaller subunit 11 (rps11). For this purpose, DNA was extracted from young leaves and with the help of a pair of primer, rps11 gene was amplified and seven restriction enzymes namely: TscAI, ScrfI, DpnI, BsiKHAI, MseI, HinfI, BseGI were used to digest the amplified rps11 gene. The results produced were in the form of bands on gels revealing the length of fragments produced after cutting with restriction enzymes. The digested fragments were found to produce monomorphic bands whereas some polymorphic bands were also observed. On the basis of restricted fragments, phylogenetic tree was prepared depicting different number of clusters with varied level of similarity coefficients. It was observed that the species have shown mixed pattern and closely related species appeared at higher genetic distances. -
ADRIAN HARDY HAWORTH BIOGRAPHY Chuck Staples, CSSA Historian
ADRIAN HARDY HAWORTH BIOGRAPHY Chuck Staples, CSSA Historian Haworth, Adrian Hardy (1767–1833)—during the golden time of botany, a leading author of succulent plants in England—with the ever popular Haworthia genus named in his honor. Born in Cottingham near Hull, England on 19 April 1767, Adrian Hardy Haworth became a gardener, amateur botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, ornithologist and entomologist. He was the son of Benjamin Haworth of Haworth Hall. His early education was with tutors which was directed toward a career in law. However, after his older brother inherited the estate after their father's death, and after allowing AH Haworth a sufficient allowance to give up the legal profession—at age 21 he devoted all his time to natural history pursuits of plants and insects. At Chelsea, England AH Haworth had one of the finest private gardens in all England—assembling the first important succulent collection of his time. His research work was due to regular visits to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Key, England—and the use of the library and herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks. Of special interest to the succulent plant enthusiast is the popular genus Haworthia that was named in AH Haworth's honor in 1809 by Dr Henri Auguste (1777–1814). Among the generic plants described by AH Haworth are: Duvalia, Epiphyllum, Mammillaria, Orbea, Tridentea and Tromotriche in 1812; Pectinaria in 1819; and Cephalophyllum, Hymenogyne and Monanthes in 1821. The genus Epiphyllum was first used as a name in c1689 by Dr Paul Hermann (1646-1695), but was never published by him until AH Haworth did so in 1812. -
Notes on Caralluma Adscendens (Roxb.) Has Been Usually Accepted to Haw
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2014 | 6(9): 6282–6286 Note Caralluma R.Br. (sensulato) Notes on Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) has been usually accepted to Haw. var. attenuata (Wight) Grav. & include about 120 taxa, with a wide Mayur. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) ISSN African, Asian and southeastern Online 0974–7907 European distribution (Mabberley K.M. Prabhu Kumar 1, U.C. Murshida 2, Binu Thomas 3, Print 0974–7893 1993). It belongs to the subtribe Satheesh George 4, Indira Balachandran 5 & OPEN ACCESS Stapeliinae (tribe Ceropegiae, S. Karuppusamy 6 subfamily Asclepiadoideae and 1,2,5 family Apocynaceae), which has its centre of origin in Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala 676503, India East Africa (Meve & Liede 2004). The genus comprises 3 PG Department of Botany, Deva Matha College, Kuravilangad, xerophytic succulent herbs, represented by 13 species Kottayam, Kerala 686633, India 4 and eight varieties in India. Of these, eight species Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala 673008, India and seven varieties are endemic to peninsular India 6 Department of Botany, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai, (Karuppusamy et al. 2013). The genus Caralluma Tamilnadu 625011, India 1 2 is closely allied to Boucerosia but differs by having [email protected] (corresponding author), umurshi@ gmail.com, 3 [email protected], 4 george.satheesh@gmail. flowers arising in the axils of rudimentary leaves all com, 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected] along the distal portion of the stem. The type species of the genus Caralluma is C. adscendens (Roxb.) Haw., a species originally described from peninsular India plant material has demonstrated intraspecific variability, (Meve & Liede 2002). -
Some Major Families and Genera of Succulent Plants
SOME MAJOR FAMILIES AND GENERA OF SUCCULENT PLANTS Including Natural Distribution, Growth Form, and Popularity as Container Plants Daniel L. Mahr There are 50-60 plant families that contain at least one species of succulent plant. By far the largest families are the Cactaceae (cactus family) and Aizoaceae (also known as the Mesembryanthemaceae, the ice plant family), each of which contains about 2000 species; together they total about 40% of all succulent plants. In addition to these two families there are 6-8 more that are commonly grown by home gardeners and succulent plant enthusiasts. The following list is in alphabetic order. The most popular genera for container culture are indicated by bold type. Taxonomic groupings are changed occasionally as new research information becomes available. But old names that have been in common usage are not easily cast aside. Significant name changes noted in parentheses ( ) are listed at the end of the table. Family Major Genera Natural Distribution Growth Form Agavaceae (1) Agave, Yucca New World; mostly Stemmed and stemless Century plant and U.S., Mexico, and rosette-forming leaf Spanish dagger Caribbean. succulents. Some family yuccas to tree size. Many are too big for container culture, but there are some nice small and miniature agaves. Aizoaceae (2) Argyroderma, Cheiridopsis, Mostly South Africa Highly succulent leaves. Iceplant, split-rock, Conophytum, Dactylopis, Many of these stay very mesemb family Faucaria, Fenestraria, small, with clumps up to Frithia, Glottiphyllum, a few inches. Lapidaria, Lithops, Nananthus, Pleisopilos, Titanopsis, others Delosperma; several other Africa Shrubs or ground- shrubby genera covers. Some marginally hardy. Mestoklema, Mostly South Africa Leaf, stem, and root Trichodiadema, succulents. -
Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
Annals of Botany 93: 629±652, 2004 doi:10.1093/aob/mch087, available online at www.aob.oupjournals.org INVITED REVIEW Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) ULRICH LUÈ TTGE* Institute of Botany, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3±5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany Received: 3 October 2003 Returned for revision: 17 December 2003 Accepted: 20 January 2004 d Background and Scope Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) as an ecophysiological modi®cation of photo- synthetic carbon acquisition has been reviewed extensively before. Cell biology, enzymology and the ¯ow of carbon along various pathways and through various cellular compartments have been well documented and dis- cussed. The present attempt at reviewing CAM once again tries to use a different approach, considering a wide range of inputs, receivers and outputs. d Input Input is given by a network of environmental parameters. Six major ones, CO2,H2O, light, temperature, nutrients and salinity, are considered in detail, which allows discussion of the effects of these factors, and combinations thereof, at the individual plant level (`physiological aut-ecology'). d Receivers Receivers of the environmental cues are the plant types genotypes and phenotypes, the latter includ- ing morphotypes and physiotypes. CAM genotypes largely remain `black boxes', and research endeavours of genomics, producing mutants and following molecular phylogeny, are just beginning. There is no special development of CAM morphotypes except for a strong tendency for leaf or stem succulence with large cells with big vacuoles and often, but not always, special water storage tissues. Various CAM physiotypes with differing degrees of CAM expression are well characterized. d Output Output is the shaping of habitats, ecosystems and communities by CAM. -
Caralluma Pharmacological Attributes
Short Communication iMedPub Journals Journal of Food, Nutrition and Population Health 2018 www.imedpub.com ISSN 2577-0586 Vol.2 No.2:13 DOI: 10.21767/2577-0586.100043 Caralluma Pharmacological Attributes Nageena Qayyum*, Humera Rani, Khush Bakhat Mir and Abdul Qadir Khan Abstract Caralluma genus having different nutritional, pharmaceutical value and important Department of Food Science and phytochemical ingredients which have various healing activity, most important Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Caralluma spp. claimed to have antidiabetic properties. Traditionally it is used in University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan raw form for treatment of diabetes because of its hypoglycemic activity, having key active compound that having fruit full effects against diabetes. Keywords: Caralluma; Antidiabetic properties; Hypoglycemic activity; Phytochemical *Corresponding author: Nageena Qayyum study [email protected] Received: November 14, 2018; Accepted: November 21, 2018; Published: November 28, 2018 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Introduction Tel: +923479067651 The Caralluma spp. grown in Asia and Mediterranean region [1]. More than 200 species of the genus Caralluma grow throughout Africa and Asia [2]. The genus Caralluma belongs to Citation: Qayyum N, Rani H, Mir KB, Khan the Asclepiadaceae family, which is also known as the milkweed AQ (2018) Caralluma Pharmacological family because many of its members contain milky latex [3,4]. Attributes. J Food Nutr Popul Health Vol.2 Important phytochemical ingredients of Caralluma include No.2:13 pregnane aglycones, flavone glycosides, bitter principles, pregnane glycosides, saponins, triterpines and various flavonoids that were explore for various healing purposes against different infectious agents and metabolic disorders (Table 1). -
Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae–Ceropegieae) from the Yemen
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 249–251 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb A new species of Caralluma (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae–Ceropegieae) from the Yemen P.V. Bruyns Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa Received 29 March 2009; received in revised form 30 October 2009; accepted 3 November 2009 Abstract In this paper a new species, Caralluma faucicola Bruyns, closely related to C. hexagona Lavranos, is described from near the border between the former North and South Yemen in Arabia. © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Apocynaceae; Arabia; Caralluma; Ceropegieae 1. Introduction were monotypic. It was claimed that most of these were ‘easily identifiable natural groups’ but no evidence was put forward to The family Apocynaceae was recently expanded to include support this. The fact that names that are obvious synonyms of both the families Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae (Endress Caralluma edulis were placed in separate genera makes this and Bruyns, 2000; APG, 2006). In this new concept, most of the arrangement of dubious value and it has not been adopted in any former Asclepiadaceae was placed in the subfamily Asclepia- recently published, regional accounts (Gilbert, 2003; Lavranos, doideae. The Asclepiadoideae is made up of four tribes, among 2006). Meve and Liede (2002) also considered Caralluma, which is the Ceropegieae. There are roughly 700 species in the within the setting of a general molecular survey of the Ceropegieae and this number is made up of about 330 species of stapeliads. In their analyses they included 19 species of Car- stapeliads, about 160 species of Ceropegia L. -
A Phylogenetic Study of Echidnopsis Hook. F. (Apocynaceae- Asclepiadoideae) - Taxonomic Implications and the Colonization of the Socotran Archipelago
Pl. Syst. Evol. 265: 71–86 (2007) Plant Systematics DOI 10.1007/s00606-007-0516-3 and Evolution Printed in The Netherlands A phylogenetic study of Echidnopsis Hook. f. (Apocynaceae- Asclepiadoideae) - taxonomic implications and the colonization of the Socotran archipelago M. Thiv1 and U. Meve2 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland 2Lehrstuhl fu¨r Pflanzensystematik, Universita¨t Bayreuth, Germany Received May 9, 2006; accepted January 5, 2007 Published online: April 11, 2007 Ó Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract. We investigated the phylogeny, taxonomy clear latex, a lack of apical anther appendages and biogeography of the Eritreo-Arabian genus and erect pollinia with pellucid margins (cf. Echidnopsis Hook. f. (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoi- Meve and Liede 2004). Within this tribe, the deae). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on nrITS genus Echidnopsis is part of subtribe Stapelii- sequence data were obtained using maximum nae G. Don, to which Brachystelma Sims and likelihood and parsimony analyses. The results Ceropegia L. also belong. The stapeliads, or reveal two weakly supported clades, each with a ‘‘carrion flowers’’, are the most speciose group mix of African and Arabian taxa, including the genus Rhytidocaulon, and with four Socotran in the tribe, accounting for ca. 400 species in 38 species forming a subclade of their own. Rather genera of predominantly African, Arabian and than a vicariance origin of these island elements, Indian distribution (Albers and Meve 2002). In our data suggest a single dispersal event from a stapeliad phylogeny based on nuclear and eastern Africa. Echidnopsis thus parallels biogeo- plastid DNA data, Echidnopsis has been shown graphic patterns found for other Socotran endemic to be closely related to Rhytidocaulon P.R.O. -
Handbook of Shows
Handbook of Shows 11th edition 2021 British Cactus and Succulent Society www.bcss.org.uk Contents Contents Page Preface....................................................................................................................2 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................4 2.0 Cactus Classes in the Schedule...................................................................4 2.3 Cactus Groups..............................................................................................5 2.4 Abbreviations used for Groups and Subgroups of Cacti ..............................9 2.5 List of Cactus genera with details of Group eligibility.................................10 3.0 Succulent classes in the Schedule.............................................................15 3.3 Succulent Groups .......................................................................................16 3.4 Abbreviations used for Groups and Subgroups of Succulents...................20 3.5 List of eligible Succulent genera, with details of Group eligibility...............21 4.0 List of Taxa of a Controversial Nature ........................................................28 5.0 Succulent plant families reference listing ...................................................30 6.0 Notes for Exhibitors ....................................................................................37 7.0 Notes for Judges ........................................................................................40 -
Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Duvalia Corderoyi in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes ⇑ Nora A
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27 (2020) 925–934 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com Original article Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Duvalia corderoyi in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes ⇑ Nora A. AlFaris a, , Ghedeir M. Alshammari b, Muneer M. Alsayadi c, Munirah A. AlFaris d, Mohammed A. Yahya b a Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia b Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia c Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen d Graduate, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia article info abstract Article history: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome distinguished with glucose increasing in blood, insulin Received 14 September 2019 resistance, and hyperlipidemia. It results in decease of millions of people yearly. Duvalia corderoyi is a tra- Revised 16 January 2020 ditional diabetes and hypertension medicine from the Arabian region. D. corderoyi extract was adminis- Accepted 18 January 2020 tered to diabetes rats for estimate its anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in Wistar rats were Available online 27 January 2020 induced using (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic receiving glibenclamide, and two diabetic D. corderoyi-treatment Keywords: groups. Rats were weighted weekly, and the biochemical analysis were carried out in serum, and liver Antidiabetic homogenate samples.