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Flowering Plants of Africa Flowering Plants of Africa A magazine containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by G. Germishuizen with assistance of E. du Plessis and G.S. Condy Volume 60 Pretoria 2007 Editorial Board B.J. Huntley formerly South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA G.Ll. Lucas Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK B. Mathew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Referees and other co-workers on this volume C. Archer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA H. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK C.L. Bredenkamp, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P.V. Bruyns, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, RSA P. Chesselet, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France C. Craib, Bryanston, RSA A.P. Dold, Botany Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, RSA G.D. Duncan, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA V.A. Funk, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA P. Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, USA S. Hammer, Sphaeroid Institute, Vista USA C. Klak, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, RSA M. Koekemoer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA O.A. Leistner, c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA S. Liede-Schumann, Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Germany J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA D.C.H. Plowes, Mutare, Zimbabwe E. Retief, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA S.J. Siebert, Department of Botany, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, RSA D.A. Snijman, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA C.D. Specht, Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA H. Steyn, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA M.L. Thulin, University of Uppsala, Sweden A.E. van Wyk, Botany Department, University of Pretoria, RSA H.J.T. Venter, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, RSA L. Viljoen, Fourways, Gauteng, RSA J. Wiland-Szymańska, Department of Plant Taxonomy, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland C. Wilson, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California, USA Date of publication of Volume 59 Plates 2201–2220 .................................................1 June 2005 Next volume Volume 61 is likely to appear in 2009.—The Editor ISSN 0015-4504 ISBN-13: 978-1-919976-34-1 ii Contents Volume 60 2221. Zantedeschia jucunda. Y. Singh, C. Craib and Gillian Condy ............... 2 2222. Ornithogalum cremnophila. E.J. van Jaarsveld, A.E. van Wyk and Tamlin Blake . 8 2223. Ledebouria ovatifolia subsp. scabrida. N.R. Crouch, T.J. Edwards and Angela Beaumont . 14 2224. Nerine pudica. D.A. Snijman, J.C. Manning and Auriol Batten ............. 20 2225. Hypoxis sobolifera. Y. Singh, A.E. van Wyk and Gillian Condy ............. 28 2226. Hypoxis nivea. Y. Singh, D. Styles, A.E. van Wyk and Gillian Condy . 36 2227. Siphonochilus kirkii. N.R. Crouch, G.F. Smith and Gillian Condy . 46 2228. Costus afer. N.R. Crouch, G.F. Smith and Gillian Condy . 52 2229. Viscum crassulae. G. Germishuizen, E.J. van Jaarsveld and Gillian Condy ..... 58 2230. Cephalophyllum spissum. P.M. Burgoyne and Gillian Condy ............... 64 2231. Rabiea albipuncta. P.M. Burgoyne and Gillian Condy . 70 2232. Pelargonium luridum. E. Retief, C. Craib and Gillian Condy ............... 78 2233. Pelargonium schlechteri. E. Retief, C. Craib and Gillian Condy............. 84 2234. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. H.F. Glen and Elsa S. Pooley . 90 2235. Stenostelma umbelluliferum. S.P. Bester, A. Nicholas and Gillian Condy...... 96 2236. Orbea elegans. S.P. Bester and Gillian Condy........................... 104 2237. Momordica foetida. W.G. Welman and Gillian Condy..................... 112 2238. Coccinia palmata. W.G. Welman and Gillian Condy...................... 118 2239. Helichrysum adenocarpum subsp. adenocarpum. W.G. Welman and Sibonelo Chiliza.......................................................... 124 2240. Berkheya radula. P.P.J. Herman and Gillian Condy....................... 128 Note on Plate 1970 in Flowering Plants of Africa 50 (1988). P.M. Burgoyne . 133 Guide for authors and artists . 135 Index to Volume 60 ..................................................... 139 New taxa published in this volume Ledebouria ovatifolia (Baker) Jessop subsp. scabrida N.R.Crouch & T.J.Edwards, subsp. nov., p. 14 Hypoxis nivea Y.Singh, sp. nov., p. 36 iii MISSION The mission of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is to promote the sustainable use, conservaton, appreciation and enjoyment of the exceptionally rich biodiversity of South Africa, for the benefit of all people. PLATE 2221 Zantedeschia jucunda Flowering Plants of Africa 60: 2–7 (2007) 3 Zantedeschia jucunda Araceae South Africa Zantedeschia jucunda Letty in Bothalia 7: 455 (1961); Letty: 12, t. 7 (1962); Letty: 13 (1973); Retief & Herman: 44 (1997). Zantedeschia, a genus of eight species, is endemic mostly to South Africa, with one species known only from cultivation and another extending into south-central Africa northwards to Tanzania. The genus is well known among plant breeders and florists worldwide through its large number of decorative cultivars, marketed as garden and pot plants, and as cut-flowers. In the horticultural trade, zantedeschias are popularly known as arum lilies or calla lilies, both Arum and Calla being dis- tinct genera in the Araceae and restricted to the northern hemisphere. The reason for the analogue ‘arum’ is the similarity between the leaves of Zantedeschia and Arum, and that for ‘calla’ is that our genus was initially classified asCalla by Linnaeus. The genus Zantedeschia was named by Sprengel in honour of Professor Giovanni Zantedeschi (1773–1846), a botanist of Brescia, Italy. Letty (1961) was the first to draw attention to a striking yellow-flowered species from Sekhukhuneland that she called jucunda in reference to the pleasing appearance of the plants. The arrow-shaped, white-spotted leaves and large, bright yellow to cream-coloured and funnel-shaped spathes give the plant an attractive look, more so when in clumps. Our species is often confused with Z. pentlandii which also has a large yellow spathe, but the latter differs in its broad, less hastate, and usu- ally unspotted leaves. Both spe- cies are narrow endemics, being restricted to the rocky grasslands of Sekhukhuneland, a region strad- dling the border of the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. Zantedeschia jucunda is entirely confined to the summit of the Leolo Mountains in the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Floristic Endemism (Van Wyk & Smith 2001) (Figure 1). The plants occur right along the mountain range and are known as magapule in Pedi. Plants with chrome-yellow FIGURE 1.—Known distribution of Zantedeschia spathes from which the type descrip- jucunda. tion was drawn up (Letty 1961) are PLATE 2221.—Plants of the southern form with darker yellow spathes in habitat, × 1. Voucher speci- men: Condy 142 in National Herbarium, Pretoria. Artist: Gillian Condy. 4 Flowering Plants of Africa 60 (2007) restricted to the southern parts of the mountain, while the spathes of those in the central and northern parts of the range are mainly creamy yellow or lemon-yellow. The only consistent macromorphological character that distinguishes these plants from Z. pentlandii is the triangular-hastate spotted leaves—this is uniform across the entire distribution of Z. jucunda on the Leolo range. The description of the autecology of Zantedeschia jucunda is based on personal observations by one of us (Craib 2002–2003, 2003, 2004). The summit plateau of the Leolo Mountains is settled by pastoralists and small-scale agriculturalists prac- tising seasonal dry-land farming, and Z. jucunda has now become commensal with these human activities. The people living on the mountain have built extensive sys- tems of stone walls, particularly towards the southern section of the range. This walling is used to enclose livestock and is very loosely constructed from tumbled norite boulders. The walls contain numerous cavities at ground level, providing an ideal habitat for Z. jucunda, and we speculate that it has expanded its popula- tions into these sites from the numerous rocky outcrops so typical of the Leolo Mountains. Zantedeschia jucunda is often found in cultivated lands where rock outcrops have been left intact. It also frequents the piles of rocks removed when land is cleared for the planting of crops. Stone walls around homesteads and graveyards provide another artificial habitat. The natural habitat of the species consists of soil- filled cracks on the vast norite domes on the mountain summit. The plants grow gregariously in this habitat, their white-spotted leaves and richly coloured spathes closely packed together. Another common habitat is the rocky talus at the base of cliffs. Plants come into flower in the second half of November, with the peak of the flowering season usually the last week of November and the first week of December. Unless the rains start early, at this time the grass cover on the Leolos is still brown, dry and dormant after the winter drought and the arums are a showy feature, their brightly coloured spathes being very conspicuous to pollinators. Pollination is usually most effective where groups of plants flower together. Fruits take 12 to 16 weeks to ripen, mostly in March and the
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